Enterprise financial management is a set of management mechanism based on the objective law of enterprise capital movement, which correctly organizes financial activities and handles financial relations, with the goal of obtaining the best economic benefits for enterprises. It permeates and runs through all economic activities of enterprises, is an important part of enterprise management, and plays a role in comprehensive control, comprehensive balance, comprehensive reflection and comprehensive supervision of economic activities of enterprises. At present, the financial management situation of most enterprises is not optimistic, which is mainly manifested in the lack of liquidity, weak cost awareness and chaotic asset management. These problems have become obstacles to the development of enterprises, which not only bring great business pressure to enterprises, but also bring economic losses to the country. It is urgent to improve the quality of enterprise financial management. Therefore, in view of the weak links in enterprise financial management, the author discusses the effective ways to improve the quality of enterprise financial management from the following aspects.
First, to do a good job in financial budgeting, improve the quality of enterprise financial management.
The core of financial management is capital movement, and the problem of most enterprises is insufficient liquidity. In order to improve this situation and apply limited funds to production and operation reasonably and effectively, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive budget for enterprises. Comprehensive budget includes special decision-making budget, daily business budget and financial budget. Financial budget is the last link of the comprehensive budget system, which can reflect the decision-making budget and operating budget results during the operation period from the value aspect, occupies an important position in financial management and is the main starting point for improving the quality of financial management.
(A clear financial budget objectives
Financial budget is a series of budgets that specifically reflect the expected financial position and operating results of an enterprise in a certain budget period in the future, including cash budget, estimated income statement, estimated balance sheet and estimated cash flow statement. The goal of financial budget is based on the business goal of the enterprise. The business objectives of an enterprise include profit objectives and other related objectives to achieve this goal, such as sales revenue objectives, cost control objectives and expense control objectives. Only by comprehensively considering various costs and expenses can an enterprise comprehensively analyze and balance related business objectives and financial budget indicators. The financial budget goal is the financial calculation in advance around the business goal of the enterprise. Only by doing a good job in enterprise budget and implementing enterprise financial management can we achieve the business objectives of enterprises.
(B) in the preparation of enterprise financial budget to follow the basic principles of enterprise budget.
Whether the financial budget plan of an enterprise is reasonable depends mainly on whether the budget data is true and scientific. Only by making a reasonable and feasible budget plan can we not deviate from the budget implementation, better implement various systems, successfully complete various tasks, strengthen financial control, and establish the central position of financial management in enterprise management, thus driving and promoting the smooth realization of various work objectives of enterprises. Therefore, the enterprise budget should follow the principles of bottom-up, inside-out, and from total to division, and be completed in the process of repeated adjustment. Bottom-up means collecting budget data from grass-roots units, collecting operating income, cost and profit completion indicators of grass-roots units, and then verifying the expenditure standards of management departments. After processing and sorting, it is necessary to communicate and demonstrate with relevant personnel seriously and work out a set of feasible enterprise budget plans. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the basic work, so that employees in all aspects of production and operation have the awareness of indicators, ensure the completion of budget indicators at all grass-roots levels, and create necessary conditions for the realization of enterprise budget objectives. From the inside out means that the enterprise's budget plan should be determined by combining internal indicators and external environment, and only in this way can the data be accurate. The principle of "from total to sub-total" is to fully consider the local interests and the overall interests, and to consider the overall interests when formulating the budget.
(C) combined with the objective reality of enterprises, the preparation of a good financial budget report
Doing a good job in enterprise financial budget can not only make enterprise managers clear about their goals, but also make enterprise employees clear about their responsibilities and tasks, and consciously work hard to accomplish their respective goals. At the same time, it can promote enterprise management, implement various management systems, put an end to all unnecessary expenses and waste, and provide reliable analysis data for enterprise financial management departments. According to the business objectives of the enterprise, scientifically and reasonably plan, predict and measure the future operating results, cash flow and financial status changes, and systematically reflect the relevant data in the form of financial accounting reports, and prepare financial budget tables. Financial budget statement consists of budget profit statement, budget cash flow statement and budget balance sheet. The term of the financial budget is generally one year, which is consistent with the accounting year of the enterprise, so as to facilitate the supervision, inspection and analysis of the implementation of the financial budget in the actual operation process.
Second, strengthening cost control is an effective way to improve the quality of enterprise financial management
To improve the quality of enterprise financial management, it is imperative to control and manage enterprise costs. Under the new situation of market economy system, the business environment has changed greatly. Enterprise cost includes not only the consumption of all kinds of tangible materials and manpower in the production process, but also intangible cost factors such as enterprise scale, market development and internal structure adjustment. Cost control has become the responsibility of all departments of the enterprise, which should be completed by all departments and employees through the whole process and all-round efforts. If we only control the cost in the financial and production departments, it will inevitably limit the scope and ability of control, and the control effect will not reach the ideal state. In the operation of modern enterprise system with corporate governance structure, when the quality and performance of similar products are almost the same, the competition of enterprises is mainly biased towards price, and the price of products is mainly composed of cost. It can be said that the competition between enterprises is the competition of product cost. Cost control must be the control of the whole process, not only the production cost of the product, but the whole content of the product life cycle cost. Practice has proved that only by effectively controlling the life cycle cost of products can the cost be significantly reduced. From the perspective of the whole society, only in this way can we truly achieve the purpose of saving social resources. To strengthen the binding force of cost control and management, we must understand the methods and means of cost control.
(A) Summarize the reasons why enterprise cost management is out of control
At present, although the cost management of most enterprises has been reformed and basically adapted to the actual situation of enterprises, it has not been implemented in some aspects. From the external environment of enterprises, with the continuous expansion of market economy, many external factors have become a stumbling block to enterprise cost control. For example, the rising prices of raw materials and power, the growth rate of wages higher than that of labor productivity, and the excessive interest burden have all led to the increase in product costs of enterprises. In addition, there are more and more triangular debts, which also leads to an increasing proportion of interest expenses in the cost. As far as the internal environment of enterprises is concerned, the main reasons that lead to cost out of control are: weak cost awareness of enterprises, lack of constraints on material procurement costs, the existing cost management system has not adapted to the needs of cost accounting, and the cost control areas are scattered, resulting in a bad situation of chaotic cost accounting.
(2) Minimize the internal and external factors that affect cost management.
In today's market economic system and enterprise reform and development, enterprises do not live in a vacuum, and their survival and development are closely related to the surrounding environment. What wind blows from the outside of the enterprise, the business environment of the enterprise will be turbulent. In order to maintain normal production and operation, enterprises objectively need a good external environment. Enterprises should pay attention to the communication and construction of external environment. All aspects of enterprise production and operation are inseparable from the understanding and support of the government and people, and the material factors in cost management are also closely related to the external environment. In order to strengthen cost management and control, enterprises should pay attention to the construction of external environment. With a good external environment, enterprise managers will broaden their business horizons.
(C) improve the enterprise cost control system, improve the scientific and technological content of cost management.
Strengthen enterprise cost management, focus on reducing production and operation costs, strive to eliminate the deep-seated problems of inadequate internal management of enterprises to the maximum extent, and minimize the out-of-control factors in cost management. To establish a good mechanism and improve the internal control system, we should not only set up a few clauses and shout a few slogans, but also consider systematicness and scientificity. First of all, the managers of enterprise production and operation should raise their awareness, change their concepts, adapt their management consciousness to the market economy environment, overcome their ideological prejudice and establish a new concept of modern enterprise management; Secondly, managers of enterprise production and operation should learn and update their management skills and knowledge, actively participate in various training courses in business and financial management, change traditional conservative management methods, establish new management concepts, adopt innovative thinking and more scientific management methods; Third, we should be aware of the system when establishing the mechanism and perfecting the rules and regulations, especially when establishing and perfecting the internal control system of enterprises, we should consider whether the system is systematic. The experience and lessons of some enterprises show that no matter how many unsystematic rules and regulations are, a systematic system is not effective. Establishing a systematic system objectively reduces the human factors in the operation process, reflects the high scientific and technological content, and undoubtedly improves the quality of production, operation and financial management. Faced with many factors that cause the cost to be out of control, it is imperative for enterprises to improve the cost control system. Based on this system, through prediction, control, accounting, analysis and assessment, we will give full play to the role of the cost control system and explore scientific and effective cost management methods to reduce cost consumption and improve the quality of financial management and economic benefits of enterprises.
Third, take the management of enterprise's money and capital flow as the lifeline to improve the quality of enterprise's financial management.
Capital is the "blood" of an enterprise, which is related to its survival and development. Only when the capital is alive can the production and operation be dynamic. The so-called "one live, one live, one pass" is the truth. If funds cannot flow in an orderly way, they will "precipitate" or "drain" without compensation and appreciation. Monetary capital flow is the form of capital occupation, the important content of capital management, the premise of improving economic efficiency and the lifeblood of business activities. At present, the phenomenon of mutual arrears of funds between enterprises is increasingly prominent, and the phenomenon of triangular debts is extremely serious, which makes some enterprises lack liquidity and slow capital turnover. In order to increase the cash flow of enterprises and ensure the continuity of production and operation, enterprises must make great efforts to supervise the cash flow.
(a) the implementation of the internal monetary fund management system
Implement the internal monetary fund management system, the cashier and accountant should be separated, and the business should be completed by different supervisors to prevent loopholes; Clean up the monetary funds in time to ensure that the accounts are consistent with the materials; On the basis of strictly observing the national cash management regulations, strengthen the management of receipts and payments vouchers, and strictly examine internal and external vouchers, receipts and invoices. We can motivate employees by linking wages and bonuses with work objectives, try our best to enhance the awareness of monetary capital flow of all employees and promote the improvement of employees' work efficiency.
(B) improve the efficiency of the use of monetary funds.
Managing funds and operations well, striving to improve the efficiency of the use of funds, and ensuring the normal circulation and safety of enterprise funds are issues that financial managers cannot ignore. In order to achieve the above goals, enterprises must seek an effective way of fund management. At present, many enterprises are facing the problem of difficult fund management, and these negative phenomena increase the difficulty of strengthening fund management. According to incomplete statistics, there are roughly three kinds of bad phenomena in some enterprises, namely: funds cannot make ends meet, and there is a funding gap; Misappropriation, misappropriation and headache of funds "triangle debt". How to solve these three problems is the urgent task of enterprise financial management. In order to improve the use efficiency of monetary funds, enterprises should first synchronize the flow of monetary funds as much as possible. The so-called synchronization of monetary capital flow means that enterprises should try to make the inflow and outflow time of monetary capital tend to be the same, so as to minimize the balance of trading monetary funds held by them. Secondly, do a good job of increasing income and reducing expenditure, and adjust the surplus and deficiency of funds through short-term financing and investment. Third, follow up and supervise the funds, so as to use them for special purposes, so as to prevent the funds from being misappropriated and form a new "triangular debt". Enterprises can take various measures to speed up the recovery of accounts receivable, such as setting a certain credit period for customers, formulating corresponding discount policies and cash discount policies, and giving users certain price concessions.
(C) determine the best monetary capital holdings
In order to determine the best amount of monetary funds, a cost analysis model can be adopted, including capital cost, management cost and shortage cost. The cost of capital refers to the price paid by monetary funds as the capital occupation of enterprises. Management expenses refer to the salary and safety measures of the personnel who manage monetary funds in the enterprise. Shortage cost refers to the loss or price suffered by enterprises due to the shortage of monetary funds. The optimal monetary capital holding is the minimum sum of these three costs. According to the requirements of inventory model management, enterprises should adopt the method of optimal economic batch to determine the amount of monetary funds held by enterprises. Specifically, it includes ordering in advance. When an enterprise issues an order, it determines the order according to the existing inventory. The continuous supply and use of inventory and the continuous storage of each batch of inventory make the inventory increase, especially the transfer of finished products and work-in-process products are almost always supplied and consumed; The daily demand for insurance reserves is constantly changing. In order to prevent shortage or supply interruption, it is safe to reserve some necessary stocks, but the reserve with the lowest reserve cost is the best.
Four, to strengthen the overall asset management as an important content to improve the quality of enterprise financial management.
Enterprise benefits come from the efficiency of enterprise's overall asset operation, and the high efficiency of enterprise's asset operation will inevitably bring higher benefits, thus obtaining greater benefits. Therefore, enterprise financial management must focus on improving enterprise asset operation ability, reducing idle assets as much as possible and maximizing enterprise production capacity. This requires constantly improving the comprehensive management level of enterprises, constantly strengthening the overall cooperation ability of enterprises, enhancing the marketing ability of enterprises, maximizing production and sales, not overstocking all products, accelerating the flow of enterprise assets, and increasing the value of capital in the flow. Under a certain sales profit rate, the faster the enterprise assets flow, the higher the total profit. Therefore, the financial management of enterprises must put accelerating the flow of enterprise assets in the first place. Accelerating the flow of enterprise assets is also an effective way to prevent the depreciation of enterprise assets.
Total assets management also lies in strengthening the safety management of enterprise assets and preventing the loss and loss of enterprise assets. On the one hand, the loss of enterprise assets breeds management corruption, and more importantly, it makes enterprise assets operate inefficiently, which seriously affects enterprise benefits. Enterprises must establish an asset safety prevention mechanism and strengthen the supervision of enterprise assets from both financial and physical aspects. In addition, strengthen the internal control system of enterprises and don't leave an opportunity. In short, total asset management is to strengthen the safety management of enterprise assets, improve the liquidity of enterprise assets, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency of enterprises and ultimately achieving the purpose of increasing enterprise benefits.
In a word, financial management is an important part of enterprise management. With the national strategy of "promoting industrialization by informationization", financial management is the most concerned issue for enterprise managers in the whole management category. In order to maximize economic benefits, enterprises must make correct decisions based on financial data. In addition to the country's continuous improvement of policies and regulations, enterprises should change their thinking and understanding, update their management concepts, establish and improve their internal control management system, put financial management at the center of enterprise management, start with operating budget, cost management, monetary fund flow management and comprehensive asset management, carefully find out the weak links of enterprise financial management, and strive to improve the quality of enterprise financial management.