Analysis on the Development of Border Trade between Guangxi and Vietnam

Since the 20th century, with the frequent exchange of high-level visits between China and Vietnam, the traditional relations of friendship, equality, mutual benefit and mutual trust between the two countries have been rapidly restored and developed in various fields. The two sides have continuously deepened reform and opening up, formulated preferential policies for economic development, and the border trade between the two countries has also continued to develop. In particular, Guangxi has the most convenient geographical advantage for China to contact Vietnam, and its economic and trade exchanges with Vietnam will be closer and its economic cooperation will be more extensive. Guangxi can make full use of its own advantages, actively develop economic and trade cooperation with Vietnam, realize complementary advantages and promote economic development.

First, the status quo of border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam

The border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam has the following characteristics: First, the government attaches great importance to it. In order to develop foreign trade and investment, the Vietnamese government actively encourages enterprises to increase import and export and boldly innovate laws and regulations, laying a solid legal foundation for the development of trade between Guangxi and Vietnam. Second, the product structure is complementary. Guangxi's exports to Vietnam are mainly industrial products and daily consumer goods, while Vietnam's exports to Guangxi are mainly agricultural, forestry and aquatic products. Third, border trade is multi-channel, multi-level and multi-form. In the process of border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam, the advantages of convenient transportation have prompted the two sides to adopt various channels for trade, and the level of trade between the two sides is also obvious. Diversified small-scale trade and barter trade with state-owned enterprises as the main body and collective and individual participation; Border trade with domestic ports, local ports, transit ports and transit ports; There are three forms of border trade: folk trade, small-scale border trade and local border trade, but small-scale border trade is the main one.

The development of border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam has been more than 20 years and has gone through three stages. (1) Early stage (65438+September 0982 ~ 65438+September 0988). China has set up nine trade points in an organized and controlled manner, allowing Vietnamese border people to come and participate in market trade. These trades not only played a propaganda role, but also promoted the economic start-up in border areas and improved the lives of border people. (2) Rapid growth stage (65438+September 0988 ~ 2002165438+1October). 1989 Since the beginning of the year, the government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has decided to vigorously invigorate and expand border trade and put forward the strategy of "prospering the border through trade". Since then, the border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam has developed rapidly, the turnover of commodities has doubled every year, and the types of commodities have also developed from agricultural and sideline products and daily necessities to manufactured goods and means of production. Border trade gradually extended to Hanoi, Haiphong and Ho Chi Minh City in the interior of Vietnam. (3) the new development stage (165438+20021October). The fourth ASEAN-China (10+1) leaders' meeting held in Phnom Penh in 200210 signed the China-ASEAN Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation and the China-ASEAN Memorandum of Understanding on Agricultural Cooperation, which marked the start of the process of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, and the border trade in Guangxi began to enter a new stage. With the settlement of China-ASEAN Expo in Nanning and the implementation of the early harvest plan of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, Guangxi border trade is facing new opportunities and challenges.

According to the statistics of China Customs, the border trade volume between Guangxi and Viet Nam reached US$ 2.466 billion in 2000, an increase of 87. 1% compared with 65.438+0.999 in 2000. In 20001year, the bilateral trade volume between China and China was $2.810.50 billion, an increase of $0.805 billion, of which $0.80 billion was exported, an increase of10.74%, and/kloc-0 was imported. In 2003, the total trade volume between China and Vietnam reached US$ 4.634 billion, up by 42%, accounting for 10.34% of the total trade volume of Vietnam. According to the statistics of Vietnam Customs, the total trade volume between China and Vietnam reached US$ 765,438+92 million in 2004, an increase of 47.68% over 2003. At the same time, the trade between Guangxi and Vietnam basically shows a trend of sustained and rapid growth in trade volume and gradual improvement in trade structure. Vietnam has been Guangxi's largest trading partner for five consecutive years.

According to statistics of Nanning Customs, in 2004, the total import and export volume of small-scale border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam reached US$ 554 million. It increased by 3.4% year-on-year, accounting for 55% of Guangxi's total trade with ASEAN. In 2005, the total import and export trade between Guangxi and Vietnam was1010.42 million US dollars, while in 2006, the trade volume between the two sides was about/kloc-0.5 billion US dollars. It accounts for nearly one-sixth of the total trade volume between China and Vietnam, with a growth rate of 50%.

Two, the current border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam is facing difficulties and outstanding problems

1. The management and supervision of both sides at border trade ports are not in place. The management departments of both sides adopt general trade management methods to deal with the management of border trade; In terms of customs clearance procedures, the procedures are cumbersome and expensive, which makes many enterprises or individuals forced to give up because it is difficult to meet the requirements; Some products are unqualified or even fake, which has caused great losses to commodity users.

2. Preferential tax policies cannot be implemented. The tax department's policy on the use of tax revenue is "how much to pay, how much to pay, how much to pay." In this way, the preferential policy of halving the import value-added tax given by the state cannot be implemented. The vast majority of Sino-Vietnamese border trade settlement is RMB, and the tax authorities cannot give tax rebates to border trade export enterprises; The relevant documents of the Ministry of Finance are as follows: Since June 5438+1 October1,2004, the preferential policy of halving tariffs and value-added tax on vegetables and fruits imported from Vietnam at Guangxi Port has ceased to be implemented. As these products are bulk products imported by Guangxi from Vietnam, the increase in tariffs has greatly increased the import cost, resulting in a decrease in imports. Enterprises must provide the verification form of export proceeds when applying for export tax refund, which has caused a lot of inconvenience to Vietnam.

3. The infrastructure of ports and border trade points is not perfect. The infrastructure construction of some border ports is relatively backward, the supporting facilities are not perfect, and some ports have no national gates, inspection yards and warehouses, so the port functions cannot play their due role as a whole and cannot keep up with the rapid growth of port logistics. The construction of the mutual market is imperfect, the storage capacity is low, and the service facilities such as hotels are not matched.

Quota restrictions restrict the development of border trade. In Guangxi, many commodities in border trade are controlled by import and export quotas. Vietnam is rich in natural resources, especially tropical products and mineral raw materials, which have a great market in China. China's light industrial daily necessities are also in great demand in Viet Nam; Due to quota restrictions, the two sides cannot freely exchange.

Three. Suggestions on further developing border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam

The border area between China and Vietnam is located in the center of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. As the frontier of economic and trade development between China and ASEAN countries, developing border trade has unique geographical advantages. By formulating and standardizing border trade policies, increasing investment, strengthening management and speeding up customs clearance, Sino-Vietnamese border trade will have greater development. In view of the present situation of the development of border trade between China and Vietnam, the suggestions for developing border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam are as follows:

1. Speed up traffic construction. Speeding up the construction of traffic ports can obviously promote the large-scale development of cross-strait logistics. In order to better develop the border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam, the first thing to do is to build a bridge between the two sides. It is necessary to build roads and bridges to lay a solid foundation for multilateral and multi-form trade between the two sides. Carry out border trade activities between the two sides from a new perspective.

2. Make use of border trade to actively build a transnational industrial chain between Guangxi and Vietnam. Guangxi's location advantages and policy advantages have formed a good integrated economic and trade cooperation relationship between Guangxi and Vietnam, creating a good environment for further building bilateral international industrial chains and expanding imports and exports. The two sides have the conditions to combine resources for production, processing and export, and have the advantage of transnational trade connected by land and sea.

The two sides have strengthened economic cooperation. Faced with great historical opportunities, the relevant decision makers in Guangxi and Vietnam should have a macro-strategic vision, strengthen cooperation between Guangxi and Vietnam, and carry out border trade activities between the two sides from a new perspective.

4. Improve the tax rebate policy for small-scale trade. Since the settlement of border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam is mainly in RMB, the export tax rebate policy of border trade has increased the local financial burden. Therefore, the advantages of border trade should be transformed into tax advantages through multi-party policy linkage, so as to reduce the financial burden of local governments and promote the healthy development of border economy. Giving tax rebates to export goods settled in RMB in border trade not only encourages border trade to export more, but also helps to consolidate RMB credit and improve the export competitiveness of products. (Free www.mianfeilunwen.com, Paper Net)

5. Relax policies and remove some restrictions. The state should give long-term and stable policies to border trade and encourage border people to actively participate in border trade management. Border trade will have a very broad prospect by relaxing the restrictions on border people trading goods in the other market, giving some support to border people involved in border trade operations, appropriately relaxing the import restrictions of Vietnam, reducing the trade surplus between China and Vietnam, and promoting the healthy development of border trade.

6. Promote the foreign trade agency system. To speed up the development of border trade between the two sides, we must adopt scientific and effective methods to improve the current trade system. The implementation of the agency system of both parties can not only change the traditional practice of border trade in the past, but also transfer some risks and alleviate the local financial pressure.

7. Take trade liberalization measures. China and Vietnam should adopt trade liberalization measures, further open the market and raise the threshold of tariff and non-tariff trade.

8. Vigorously tap the respective resource advantages of both sides. The border trade resources of Guangxi and Vietnam are complementary and competitive, so both sides should vigorously tap their domestic resources, and their products should foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. Vietnam is rich in natural resources and can provide abundant agricultural and sideline products. With the improvement of productivity, Guangxi can provide Vietnam with finished products for production and life. Both sides are mutually beneficial and have bright prospects.

References:

[1] Tian Zhong Jinling. Guangxi (China-Vietnam) Border Trade Development: Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasures. Volume 27, issue 3.

[2] Zhou Yinghu: Study on Regional Economic Integration, China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and Guangxi Border Trade. Journal of Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, No.3, 19, June 2006.

[3] (Vietnam) Nguyen: the status quo, prospects and development countermeasures of trade between Vietnam and Guangxi. Southeast Asia,No. 1 1 of 2004.

[4] Zhou: "two corridors and one circle" and the construction of China-ASEAN regional logistics center. Southeast Asia, No.6, 2005.

[5] Zhang Jianzhong: Study on Trade Complementarity between Guangxi and Vietnam. Southeast Asia, 2006.438+0.

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An analysis of economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam

This paper discusses the present situation and characteristics of economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam, and puts forward effective solutions. Keywords: economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam. Current situation and characteristics of economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam 1, current situation of economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam (1), development of export trade and border trade. Since the "reform and opening up" in Vietnam from 65438 to 0986, the trade between China and Vietnam has developed by leaps and bounds. From 2000 to 2004, the trade volume between Guangxi and Vietnam accounted for 14 of Guangxi's foreign trade volume. 3%-20。 9%, accounting for 1 1 of the total trade with Vietnam. 8%、 10。 3%、 14。 9%、 14。 4% and 1 1. 2%。 The trade volume between Guangxi and Vietnam ranks first with ASEAN countries. In 2005, the trade volume between Guangxi and Vietnam reached 9. 8.7 billion US dollars, up 3 1 year-on-year. 1%, accounting for 19% of Guangxi's foreign trade and 80% of Guangxi's trade with ASEAN. (2) The main import and export commodities of Guangxi and Vietnam. The structure of bilateral imports is constantly developing according to the diversification of commodity categories and meeting the growing requirements of both sides. Vietnam exports about 100 commodities to Guangxi, including: raw materials and fuels (crude oil, natural rubber, coal, various ores and various essential oils); Agricultural works (peppers, peppers, peanuts and various tropical fruits); Fresh and frozen aquatic products (shrimp, fish, crab, squid, etc. ) and daily consumer goods (handicrafts, slippers, high-end household items, etc. ). Guangxi also exports more than 200 kinds of goods to the Vietnamese market, such as production lines (vertical cement furnaces, etc. ); Machinery and equipment (medical treatment, transportation, agricultural machinery, etc.). ); Raw materials (gasoline, fertilizer, cement, steel, building materials, etc.). ); Agricultural products (fertilizers, pesticides, grains, etc.). ) and daily consumer goods (motorcycles, clothing, children's toys, electronic products, etc. (3) The development of mutual investment between Guangxi and Vietnam. By the end of 2005, Guangxi had invested in 49 projects in Vietnam with an investment of 212400 USD. Vietnam invested in 18 project in Guangxi with an investment of15.48 million USD. China's investment area in Vietnam has expanded from provinces and cities in northern Vietnam to Hanoi, Haiphong, Quang Ninh, Nanding and Taiping. , to build ports and rivers in South Vietnam. China's investment in Viet Nam is very extensive, including hotels, shopping malls, food packaging and printing, installation of civil appliances, production and installation of various agricultural machinery, production and assembly of auto parts, production of livestock feed, etc. 2. Characteristics of economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam From the current situation of trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam, there are mainly the following characteristics. The product structure of (1) is both complementary and competitive. Due to the differences in economic development and natural resources endowment between Guangxi and Vietnam, there are differences in trade structure. Guangxi's comparative advantage is labor-intensive products, while Vietnam is resource-intensive products. Judging from the product competitiveness index, the complementarity of the economic relations between the two places is obviously greater than the substitution. However, the main products of the two places are processed or roughed products, with low added value and low technology content, and they compete with each other because of cheap labor. (2) There is more border trade and less international trade. According to statistics, the regular trade volume between the two sides only accounts for 7% of the total foreign trade of Viet Nam and 0.5% of the total foreign trade of China. 4%, small-scale border trade is still the main form of trade between Guangxi and Vietnam. (3) The trade contrast is unbalanced. The trade volume between China and Vietnam lags behind the terms of trade between the two countries. Vietnam has always been a country with a trade deficit. 196 deficit was as high as $3 1 100 million, accounting for 58% of exports, exceeding the international warning line of 30%-50%, and the gap is still widening. Second, favorable factors of economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam 1. There is a huge cooperative market. Vietnam has a population of more than 83 million, and its economic development and people's living standards have improved rapidly. Traveling abroad is no longer an unattainable dream of Vietnamese civilians. In recent years, Vietnamese tourists coming to Guangxi have shown a surge trend, which confirms this point. In addition, Guangxi's leading industries have good prospects for cooperation and development in Vietnam. For example, Vietnam is a country that needs to import a lot of paper and pulp every year, and it may become a big market for forest pulp and paper industry in Guangxi. 2. Guangxi has unique geographical advantages and superior traffic conditions, which is the most favorable province for China to develop its economic and trade relations with Vietnam. Among the southern provinces of China adjacent to Viet Nam, Guangxi is in the middle. Therefore, it is beneficial to assume the bridgehead role of economic and trade exchanges in southwest, south-central and east China of China. Being close to Guangdong, Guangxi is also the only way for the economically developed areas of the Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong and Macao to reach Vietnam by land. There is a railway in Guangxi and two high-grade highways are connected with Vietnam. After Nanyou Expressway arrives at Youyiguan, Youyiguan is also a high-grade highway leading to Hanoi. 3. After the promotion effect of China-ASEAN free trade became the "Top Ten", governments at all levels in Vietnam paid more attention to the "two corridors and one circle", that is, the economic cooperation zone along the traffic trunk lines in northern Vietnam and southern China, and made full use of all economic advantages to exchange needed goods and complement each other. Moreover, the "two corridors and one circle" economic cooperation circle around Beibu Gulf coincides with Guangxi's strategy of developing the economic zone around Beibu Gulf. Iii. Problems in the economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam 1. The psychological barriers formed by history restrict the development of bilateral trade. In foreign economic exchanges, Vietnam obviously attaches more importance to the West than to China, and attaches more importance to Taiwan Province Province than to the mainland. Vietnam-China trade accounts for only 8. 04%, ranking fifth in Vietnam's foreign trade. Driven by economic diplomacy, Vietnam's trade response to China is cold. In particular, Vietnam signed contracts with companies from Russia, Japan, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries to develop oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, with the intention of attracting foreign oil merchants, complicating Sino-Vietnamese territorial disputes and having a negative impact on the trade development between the two countries. Therefore, there are many variables in Vietnam's China policy in practice. 2. The laws and regulations on trade are not perfect. Vietnam has backward trade legislation, changeable economic policies and imperfect economic laws and regulations. The current legislation still bears the trace of planned economy. Some laws and regulations are too simple, vague or inconsistent, and many provisions are difficult to implement. 3. The trade governance system is not perfect (1). Some non-border trade companies exploit policy loopholes to squeeze into border trade, and smuggling, tax evasion and tax fraud are very serious in border trade. (2) Only 6%-8% of the total trade volume is settled through banks, and a large number of border trade settlements are handled in RMB cash through "stall banks", and private remittances are made without bank guarantee, which has great commercial risks and is easy to cause border trade disputes. (3) Inefficiency in handling affairs at ports, lack of coordination in commodity inspection, epidemic prevention and customs, and long customs clearance time. For example, the Ministry of Commerce, the Customs Department and the Vietnam Bureau all have import and export approval authority, which requires 16 windows and 18 approvals, resulting in arbitrary charges, fines, apportionment and card grabbing. (4) The reform of foreign trade enterprise mechanism is slow. The pace of establishing a modern enterprise system lags behind, the corporate governance structure is not perfect, the supervision mechanism is not perfect, and the level of cost governance, capital governance and quality governance is low, which leads to difficulties in enterprise management.

4. The export commodity structure of Guangxi and Vietnam is unreasonable. The export commodity structure and variety of border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam are relatively single. Guangxi mainly concentrates on bicycles, cloth, shoes, beer, batteries and other products with low added value and relatively saturated market capacity, while Vietnam mainly concentrates on primary products and agricultural products such as rice, cashew nuts, crude oil, rubber, mineral products, wood products and aquatic products, and the export proportion of light industry and deep-processed products is very small. The two sides have less cooperation in the high-tech field and insufficient trade stamina. 5. The product quality and service level of Guangxi to Vietnam are not high. Guangxi companies continue to promote Guangxi products to the Vietnamese market through international trade or border trade, such as rice mills, shredders, scales and pumps produced in Guangxi. In recent years, due to quality, price, after-sales service and other reasons, Guangxi's products exported to Vietnam have decreased year by year. Some products that Guangxi sold to Vietnam for a long time were gradually replaced by Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces. For example, in the past, 90% of the diesel engines of Guangxi Nanning Machinery Factory were exported to Vietnam, but now they are gradually replaced by Jiangsu Changzhou and Wujin Diesel Engine Factory. 6. Vietnam began to set up obstacles to Guangxi's export products directly or indirectly (1). Vietnam also imposes high tariffs on more than 1000 kinds of imported goods. (2) Vietnam imposes strict import licenses and quota restrictions on motorcycles, motors, machinery, handicrafts, coal, refined oil, household appliances, clothing and other agricultural products, and flexibly adjusts the proportion according to domestic demand. (3) With the establishment of the China-ASEAN Unified Market, the middle and low-grade products produced by Viet Nam with similar factor endowments to those produced by China will compete with China, and anti-dumping proceedings will probably be initiated against China. (4) began to adopt technical barriers to trade and green trade barriers and other standards to restrict the export of our products. For example, it is forbidden to use heavy metal content in pigments and preservatives such as clothing, cosmetics and soap. How to promote the economic and trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam 1? Make full use of the opportunities brought by ASEAN Free Trade Area. The establishment of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area provides a golden opportunity for the trade development between Guangxi and Vietnam. As a young member of ASEAN, Vietnam is eager to gain economic benefits and trade creation effects through ASEAN. Facing the western development, Guangxi has a great opportunity to take Nanning as the permanent venue of China-ASEAN Expo, which is equivalent to taking a two-speed train. Guangxi and Vietnam are located in the center of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. Developed cities in China communicate with Vietnam or ASEAN countries through Guangxi, and ASEAN countries can communicate with Chinese mainland through Vietnam. The establishment of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and its huge trade growth will bring great development opportunities for the construction of Guangxi-Vietnam Corridor. According to the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN, the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area completed in 20 10 will form an economic zone with1700 million consumers, nearly 2 trillion US dollars of GDP and1200 million US dollars of total trade, and become the most populous free trade area in the world. As the junction of China and Southeast Asian countries, Guangxi should have unique conditions for direct investment in Vietnam, which can further attract investment in other fields. 2. Legal Countermeasures to Promote the Trade Development between Guangxi and Vietnam Guangxi should seize the favorable opportunity of Vietnam to adjust its import and export laws and policies, promote the development of Guangxi's foreign trade, establish a truly modern enterprise system, and master the ability to handle foreign-related economic disputes. At the same time, we should also learn from the flexible and novel systems and experiences of WTO, EU and NAFTA in handling foreign-related economic disputes in Guangxi. Protect your legitimate rights and interests by legal means, so as to play the role of Guangxi in the construction and development of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. 3. Strengthening border trade governance and cooperation While implementing the national export policy, local governments in Guangxi have successively promulgated a series of laws, regulations and policies and measures to encourage exports according to the actual situation in Guangxi, and signed many border economic and trade cooperation agreements, such as allowing Liangshan, Guangning and Laojie provinces bordering China to implement some preferential policies in the port economic zone and exempt small-scale trade import taxes. Increase port infrastructure construction, speed up customs clearance, actively participate in the Trans-Asian Railway Network and the Indo-China Peninsula Expressway Network, focus on the construction of ports such as Beihai, Fangcheng and Qinzhou, and develop river-sea water transport. Strengthen the construction of Nanning and Guilin international airports, and strive to build guangxi traffic transportation network into the most convenient, smooth, efficient, safe and fully functional transportation hub connecting China and ASEAN during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, so as to attract more investors. Simplify the examination and approval procedures, establish a customs governance system that adapts to e-commerce and paperless trade, and improve the efficiency of government services. 4. Actively promote the promotion strategy of Guangxi trade talents. At present, Guangxi is very short of translators who are familiar with international trade, law and languages of ASEAN countries. With the further expansion of trade and investment between Guangxi and Vietnam, commercial trade disputes between Guangxi and Vietnam will continue to increase. If we don't understand the international trade rules and international trade dispute mechanism, the country and Guangxi enterprises will suffer huge losses. Therefore, we must attach importance to the cultivation of talents, send a large number of people to study abroad and learn advanced international trade, legal knowledge and experience. 5. Make full and effective use of the material and financial advantages of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao to strengthen economic and trade cooperation. Guangxi is located at the junction of South China Economic Zone, Southwest Economic Zone and ASEAN Economic Zone. It is highly complementary to Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in terms of industrial structure, resource structure and market structure, and has great potential for cooperation. Guangxi put forward the strategic concept of "giving full play to its advantages, relying on the western alliance in the east and expanding in the south". Take the China-ASEAN Expo as an opportunity to promote exchanges and cooperation between the Pan-Pearl River Delta region and the Beibu Gulf Economic Circle, and turn Guangxi into a logistics center, a trade center and a processing and manufacturing center of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.

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