The Xin Chou Treaty, also known as the Xin Chou Peace Treaty and the Beijing Protocol, is a treaty between the Qing government and Britain (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland), the United States (United States of America), France (a third country in France), Germany (German Empire) and Russia (Russian Empire).

Japan (Imperial Japan), Italy (Kingdom of Italy), Austria (Austro-Hungarian Empire), Spain (Kingdom of the Netherlands) and Belgium (Kingdom of Belgium) signed an unequal treaty after the Boxer Rebellion failed and Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing.

The treaty was signed in the 27th year of Guangxu (190 1) on July 25th, the year of Xin Chou, hence the name Xin Chou Treaty. Because the signing date of the treaty is September 7 in the solar calendar, there is a saying of "1997 national humiliation".

The Xin Chou Treaty is an unequal treaty with the largest amount of compensation and the most serious loss of sovereignty in China's modern history.

The treaty provides that:

1, the compensation price and interest of China totaled 980 million taels of silver (the details are compensation of 450 million taels of silver, which will be paid off in 39 years, with the principal and interest of about 980 million taels);

2. Designate Beijing Dongjiaominxiang as the embassy boundary, allowing countries to station troops for protection, and prohibiting China people from living in the boundary;

3. The Qing government promised to prohibit people from participating in the anti-imperialist movement;

4. The Qing government demolished the fortified fortress along the Dagukou-Beijing railway in Tianjin, and allowed the great powers to send troops to important places along the Beijing-Shanhaiguan railway. This treaty marks that the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China, and China has completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which has seriously violated China's sovereignty and brought profound disasters to the people.

This treaty is another slavery treaty imposed on China by imperialist powers. Its signing further strengthened the imperialists' comprehensive control and plunder of China, and marked that China had completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Since then, the wave of capitalism has begun.

Extended data:

1, background of Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China:

1894 China was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, and China's international status plummeted. Western powers began to covet China.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, the western powers set off an upsurge of carving up China. With the deepening of the national crisis, China people's struggle against imperialism is growing day by day. At the same time, with the deepening of war reparations, the people were overwhelmed and eventually led to the Boxer Rebellion. The Qing government was at home and abroad, unable to resist, so the western powers became even more presumptuous and took advantage of the fish in troubled waters in an attempt to conquer China.

2. Reasons for signing the contract:

At that time, there was a suggestion within the Qing government to move the capital to the mainland (Xi 'an) and continue to fight with the Coalition forces. But the Qing government at that time actually had no reliable army. The Boxer Rebellion has failed, and the governors of the provinces south of Shandong reached local agreements with foreign countries as early as during the Boxer Rebellion, flouting the decision of the Qing government to support the Boxer Rebellion. So the Qing government decided to sign this treaty to protect itself.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight-Nation Alliance's War of Aggression against China

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Treaty of Love and Ugliness