Look at the relevant formula first:

The language quoted is not independent, and punctuation marks are outside quotation marks.

The quoted language can be independent, and punctuation marks are in quotation marks.

1, table direct reference, usually with quotation marks and colons. The contents in quotation marks must be faithful to the original.

Mao Zedong taught us: "Study hard and make progress every day."

Mao Zedong said: "The people are real heroes, but we are often naive and ridiculous."

Don't use quotation marks when reporting the main idea, change the colon into a comma. He said he must close the door when no one is around.

Li Lao taught his students: "We must adopt a realistic attitude, knowing means knowing, and not knowing means not knowing, so don't just know." (The quotation is a direct quotation, and the period should be put in quotation marks. )

2. Indirect quotation: When the quotation is incomplete or used as a part of the text, the point at the end of the sentence (except question mark and exclamation mark) is put outside the quotation mark or not used. There are two situations.

(1) There is no need to pause before the quotation ends, so there cannot be a dot after it.

"Look at a thousand fingers coldly and bow your head as a willing ox" is a portrayal of Mr. Lu Xun's actions.

(2) At the end of the quotation marks, you only need to pause, so the period should follow the quotation marks.

Hegel once pointed out that error itself is "an inevitable link to realize its rationality", which is very insightful.

Another example is the "Keep Jinan" photo exhibition, which deeply attracted the audience. That alley, that spring water, that piece of green grass and moss have all become hard-to-find shadows-it can really be said that "dreams are deep and deep, and every street and lane is always concerned." (Shandong Volume, 2005) (Quotation is an indirect quotation, and quotation is part of writing, so the period in quotation marks should be placed outside)

3. In addition to the quotation, use quotation marks:

(1) indicates a highlighted or highlighted word, which can be quoted. For example:

Contract workers have no freedom to "do" or "not do".

(2) Words expressing satire and negation can be quoted. For example:

Several "kind" bosses went to the market to pick some leaves and dipped them in salt. This is their rare delicacy.

This "civilized punishment" sometimes lasts for more than two hours.

(3) You can quote the text of a specific title. For example:

People in the old base areas affectionately call it "measuring ruler".

Chai Lubang is anxious to boil the porridge in the cauldron.

Today is May Day.

(4) Onomatopoeia words and transliteration words should use quotation marks. For example:

The river is swift.

The wheels rumbled.

Ordinary words should not abuse quotation marks: in general, quotation marks indicate words directly quoted in the text, some specific titles, words with special meanings or objects that need to be discussed emphatically. In addition, don't abuse quotation marks for common words.

Example: ① When the sun is completely covered by the shadow of the moon, compared with the fairy-like "Haier-Popper" comet, the covered sun shines with clear mercury, and Venus and Jupiter are also in the sky. Remove the quotation marks and change the last comma into a semicolon to emphasize the hierarchy. "Haier-Popper" in the sentence is not the focus of discussion, nor is it a word with special meaning.

Unit 2 of Qinshan No.2 Nuclear Power Plant, the first domestic commercial nuclear power plant independently designed and built by China, successfully passed the first criticality test and will be connected to the grid for power generation this year. (There is no need to use quotation marks for roads, stations and projects named after place names, such as "Beijing-Guangzhou Railway", "Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station" and "Three Gorges Project", and the quotation marks in this sentence should be deleted)

Indirect references do not use quotation marks. Example:

Wu Ming said to me this morning, "He sprained his ankle and can't come to class today." This is obviously an indirect quotation. If it is a direct quotation, it can only be "My feet?" I can't come to class Therefore, you should remove the quotation marks and change the colon into a comma)

note:

1, the quotation mark is a question mark, and the ending is an exclamation point. Both direct quotation marks and enclosed quotation marks are enclosed in quotation marks.

Our slogan is "Long live the great unity of the people of China!"

He looked at her face with tears and said, "Are you crying?"

As soon as I entered the classroom, I saw "Are you wasting your time?" Slogan.

Ruda went to the door and shouted, "Zheng Tu!"

After repeated blows, he fell down and got up again, always saying, "Nothing can stop me!" " "Such a sentence. (The quotation is part of the author's language, and the exclamation point is reserved.)

2. If the quotation becomes a sentence independently with complete meaning, the point at the end of the sentence is put in quotation marks. The quotation is incomplete, or the quotation is part of your own words. At this point, the point at the end of the sentence (except the question mark and exclamation point) is placed outside the back quotation mark. For example:

I think of a poem by Jia Dao in the Tang Dynasty: "But through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing?" ."

When writing an article, you should "see the strangeness in plain words, the danger in common words, the novelty in old words and the color in plain words".

Robert? Schumann said: "A pound of iron is only worth a few pence, but after tempering, it can be made into thousands of clockwork, worth thousands of dollars." So he advised people to "make good use of the pound of iron that talent gave you."

Analysis: The first period is moved inside quotation marks (quotation mark independence) and the second period is moved outside quotation marks (quotation mark independence).

People often say, "the east rainbow thunders and the west rainbow rains." The words in quotation marks are independent, and the period after them is part of quotation marks and should be placed in quotation marks. )

The cuckoo began to sing, and the working people understood what it was singing, "Grandpa and Grandma, cut wheat and transplant rice". (The words in quotation marks are not independent, they are a component of the whole sentence, and there is no independence. The period at the end of the sentence is the period of the whole sentence, which is placed outside the quotation marks. )

Modern painter Xu Beihong's "Horse", as some critics have said, is "vivid in spirit and spirit, with both form and spirit".

Lu You's poem says, "If you want to learn poetry, you have to work outside it."

3. Under special circumstances, when the quoted content is independent, but several clauses are stated earlier, the period is also outside the quotation marks, so use this period to break the sentence. Example:

Chen Xiaoyi said that her cooperation with Fan Wei is very good. "When filming, I feel that Lao Fan is really good. After filming, I will tell people every day." .

4. When the reference is indirect, there should be no colon before the quotation mark. For example:

There are many times in people's life when they need to introduce themselves to others in words: "What kind of person am I?" Or "What kind of plan do I have?" Such a problem, so modern people have more reason to learn composition well. (National Volume III, 2004) The colon before quotation marks should be removed. It should be noted that the usage of the two question marks in the quotation is correct.

5. When there is a quotation in the quotation, use double quotation marks on the outer layer and single quotation marks on the inner layer; If there is a reference in a single quotation mark, use double quotation marks. (An old lady) then explained, "When you collect beans and sweet potatoes, you should fill them with fat. Rou Xiang you run. As the saying goes,' eight pounds of meat and seven pounds of oil'. "

6. The scope of reference should be clear:

Aunt Geng said to her son, "Dacheng, greet everyone and salute when you salute." Don't be afraid of jokes. As the saying goes,' it's not strange to be polite to many people'. "(94 countries)

Analysis: This proverb should be "Don't complain about others", so the word "horse" should be placed after the single quotation mark, because it is the modal particle of the speaker. Remove the second colon and move the last single quotation mark after the word "strange"; The second half of the revised sentence is "? As the saying goes,' it is not strange to be polite to many people'. "

Although Europe just suffered a setback on Beagle 2, this did not prevent them from making an ambitious "Aurora Plan". (Quotation marks should refer to a complete noun and cannot be separated. Quotes should be added after "2".

7. When quoting a poem, put quotation marks at the beginning of each section and at the end.