China Port, which was almost fully profitable in the past year, ushered in the first inventory in the new year. With its own economic strength and geographical advantages, Shanghai Port has become the first international port in China and even the world, ranking first. The geographical location and investment structure of Shenzhen Port have brought remarkable benefits to it, ranking second and being rated as the most effective port. Qingdao Port, Guangzhou Port and Tianjin Port ranked third to fifth, while Zhuhai Port and Haikou Port ranked 24th and fifth, and were rated as environment-friendly ports.
According to Dr. Liu Bin, director of the Institute of World Economics of Dalian Maritime University, this ranking is based on the definition of competitiveness as the ability and opportunity for port enterprises to provide quality and cheap services to related enterprises and industries in a competitive market environment, so as to maximize the value of port enterprises. According to Michael Porter's competitive advantage and Samuelson's economic principle, it is divided into five levels, with 13 indicators, and the 25 most competitive ports in Chinese mainland are selected from 60 ports in China by using statistical software. Its five levels are: investment trend, throughput, port operation capacity, port financial situation and port natural conditions. Including foreign direct investment, port investment, container throughput, cargo throughput, route, loading and unloading rate, bridge crane, berth, berthing ship, total assets, total profit, draught and location advantage. Details of the top ten ports are as follows:
The most competitive port in the world: Shanghai Port
Shanghai Port ranks first. Among the thirteen indicators, Shanghai Port has obvious advantages. Nine indicators ranked first, two indicators ranked second, and the "profit amount" indicator ranked third. Its disadvantage lies in the lack of "location advantage". The international trade volume of US$ 200 billion, foreign port investment of US$ 654.38+0 billion, the influx of 400 top 500 enterprises, the overall listing of US$ 44 billion ports and more than 6,543.8+000 international routes have created a veritable international shipping center. Foreign investment, foreign trade, foreign businessmen and international routes are all strong competitive advantages of Shanghai Port, which has international competitiveness that other ports in Chinese mainland do not have. Therefore, Shanghai Port is an international port and the only international port in this list.
The most efficient and competitive port: Shenzhen Port
Shenzhen Port ranks second. Among the thirteen indicators, the cargo throughput of Shenzhen Port is the least competitive, and the strong container throughput of Shenzhen Port makes up for this. The container business is developing rapidly, and the low-cost and high-efficiency operation mode is the premise of Shenzhen Port's core competitiveness. Relying on low logistics cost, fast and effective customs clearance efficiency and effective competition among ports, Shenzhen Port has fully attracted the supply of goods in the Pearl River Delta industrial zone and increased the effective profit of the port. The core competitiveness is formed in single container cost, single crane cost, single container cost, efficiency and profit. Therefore, Shenzhen Port is the most effective and efficient port.
The most innovative and competitive port: Qingdao Port
Qingdao Port ranks third. Shenzhen Port, the leading port in the first half of the year, ranked first in the single index of "profit amount". Qingdao Port performed well in this ranking-two indicators ranked first, one indicator ranked second, five indicators ranked third and two indicators ranked fourth. Innovation has made Qingdao port stubbornly compete in a relatively weak environment, showing the real strength of the northern port. Technological innovation makes Qingdao port ahead of the same industry in loading and unloading level, electronization, informatization and EDI customs clearance level; The innovation in management makes Qingdao Port create the myth that 90 managers manage the third largest port in China, which is the basis of low cost and high efficiency in Qingdao Port management. Therefore, Qingdao Port is an innovative port.
The most enterprising and competitive port: Guangzhou Port
Guangzhou Port ranks fourth. In the second half of 2006, the enterprising Guangzhou Port rose from the fifth place in the first half of the year to the fourth place in the annual ranking, and its comprehensive competitiveness was improved. Among the thirteen indicators, Guangzhou Port ranks second in cargo throughput, second only to Shanghai Port, which ranks first in the world. In addition, the number of routes, the number of berthing ships, the number of port cranes, container throughput, total assets of the port and other single indicators are in the top five, and the single indicators and overall strength have been improved. Guangzhou Port is determined to forge ahead and seize the opportunity to promote port development. The transportation of automobiles, coal, oil and other goods has defended the status of Guangzhou Port as a big port in the Pearl River Delta region and even the whole country, and played an important role in promoting the economic development of the Pearl River Delta region. Therefore, Guangzhou Port is an enterprising port.
The most competitive port for privatization: Ningbo-Zhoushan Port
Ningbo Port ranks fifth. Compared with the ranking in the first half of the year, the ranking of Ningbo-Zhoushan Port dropped to the fifth place. Among the thirteen indicators, Ningbo Port ranks second with two indicators, third with two indicators, fourth with four indicators, fifth with one indicator and sixth with four indicators. The port has made use of its own advantages, broken through various obstacles and made use of the private capital market to become a part of the construction of Shanghai International Shipping Center. Ningbo Port actively adjusted its strategic objectives and joined hands with Zhoushan Port to build an integrated project of "Ningbo-Zhoushan". The characteristics of private economy, such as smart information, fast turnover and high efficiency, are vividly reflected in Ningbo Port. Therefore, Ningbo Port is a private port.
The most competitive port supported by the government: Tianjin Port
Tianjin Port ranks sixth. The ranking in 2006 was the same as that in the first half of the year. The port "total investment" ranks first and second. "Cargo throughput" and "foreign investment" rank fourth, and among other indicators, Tianjin Port ranks in the top five with seven indicators. Tianjin Port has an important economic and geographical position and is a national strategic port. The continuous development of Binhai New Area provides Tianjin Port with strong supply support. The free port experiment in Dongjiang Free Trade Zone laid the foundation for the development of Tianjin Port. Rich human resources, especially those from Zhongnanhai, keep it highly competitive. Therefore, Tianjin Port is the most supported port by the government.
Taiwan Province Strait Port: Xiamen Port.
Xiamen Port ranks seventh. Among the thirteen indicators, the number of berths and berths in Xiamen Port ranks in the top five, while other indicators are relatively average, all within ten. Xiamen Port, which takes the Taiwan Province-style development route, has clear tasks and clear goals, and its trade with Taiwan has obvious characteristics. It is the only place to realize the three links between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province. In a specific period, economy gave way to politics, and politics promoted economic growth. The development of Xiamen Port is a barometer of cross-strait economy. Therefore, Xiamen Port is a Taiwan Province-style port.
Conservative Port: Dalian Port
Dalian Port ranks eighth. Among the thirteen comprehensive indicators, Dalian Port's "total assets" ranks second, and the planning and construction of Dalian Port is in the exploratory stage. Backward concept, conservative behavior and lack of market awareness are the remarkable characteristics of Dalian Port. High investment, high financial expenses, high management expenses and low return on investment, low cash flow and low profit explain the investment and operating performance of Dalian Port. Although it was successfully listed in the Hong Kong capital market, it was too small to list huge savings assets. Lack of capital market awareness, immature capital operation skills and poor results. /kloc-in the past 0/0 years, Dalian has put forward different development strategies, from "not seeking the biggest, but seeking the best" to "Greater Dalian" and now "establishing a city by port and shipping". The instability of policy is a serious injury to the development of Dalian Port. Conservatism and chaos are the important reasons for Dalian Port's backwardness. Therefore, Dalian Port is a conservative port.
The Port with Explosive Growth: Lianyungang
Lianyungang ranks ninth. Among the thirteen indicators, Lianyungang Port ranks in the top five in terms of "port draught" and in the top ten in terms of "total port investment". Other indicators are ranked behind the top ten. Container throughput has increased by more than 40%, which is due to Lianyungang Port's position as the bridgehead of the Eurasian Continental Bridge. Lianyungang has absolute advantages in the export of alumina and aluminum ingots, the import of plywood, coal and coke, and the loading and unloading of grain and other products. In 2006, the throughput increased by spurt. Therefore, Lianyungang is an explosive growth port.
The most potential port: Yingkou Port
Yingkou port ranks tenth. The indicators are average, which is a major feature of Yingkou Port. The overall planning and construction of the 200,000-ton crude oil wharf and Bayuquan Port Area under construction have been completed, which has provided a guarantee for the development of Yingkou Port. The construction of the central Liaoning urban agglomeration economic zone with Shenyang as the center has promoted the development of port-facing industries in Yingkou Port and its surrounding areas. The low logistics and transportation cost brought by location advantage makes Yingkou Port seize the opportunity in the game with Dalian Port. In 2006, the cargo throughput of Yingkou Port was 94 million tons, and the container exceeded one million TEUs. Constantly creating brilliance is the driving force for Yingkou Port to develop into a potential port. Therefore, Yingkou Port is the most potential port.