It is said that the land is vast and there are many people, and there are many people in big countries. A strong soldier is brave. Therefore, Taishan does not allow soil, so it can become big; Rivers and seas do not choose trickle, so they can be deep; The king is not only popular, so he can understand his virtue. There is no good place in the old land, no foreign country for the people, beautiful seasons and blessings for ghosts and gods. The reason why these five emperors and three kings are invincible is also. Today, I abandon the leader of Guizhou to the enemy, and the guest is a vassal, which makes everyone dare not retreat to the west and stay in Qin. This so-called "stealing food with soldiers" is also true. Husband does not produce Qin, but there are many treasures; Scholars were not born in the Qin Dynasty, but were willing to be loyal to many people. Today, it is harmful to the people and the enemy to drive away the guests to the enemy, and it is not necessary to seek the country without danger. "
Reference translation
I heard that the official is discussing the expulsion of guests, and I privately think it is wrong. Once upon a time, I asked for a scholar, and I joined the army in the west, and I got Prissy in the east, Jian Shu in the Song State, and I got a public praise in the Jin State. None of these five people grew up in Qin, but Mu Gong reused them. As a result, 20 small countries were annexed, and Qin dominated Xirong. Xiao Gong carried out Shang Yang's political reform, which changed the backward customs of Qin State. As a result, the people became rich, the country became rich and powerful, the people were willing to serve the country, and the vassal States obeyed. He also defeated the army of Chu and Wei, seized thousands of miles of land, and still ruled firmly. King Hui of Qin adopted Zhang Yi's Lian Heng plan to capture Luoyang. It annexed Ba and Shu to the west, Shang Jun to the north, Hanzhong to the south, and swallowed the land of Jiuyi to control the State of Chu. Occupy the dangerous tiger prison in the east and occupy fertile land. So it disintegrated the six-nation alliance and made all six countries submit to the western state of Qin, which has continued to this day. He got a fan, abolished Hou, expelled Hua Yangjun, strengthened and consolidated the power of the royal family, blocked the situation of monopoly of politics by powerful people, gradually embezzled the governors and made Qin emperor. These four monarchs were all successful because of the appointment of Keqing. From this point of view, which guests are sorry for Qin? If these four monarchs kept people away, closed their doors and alienated foreign countries, Qin would not be rich and strong, and Qin would not have a strong reputation. It is said that there will be more food in a wide area; When the country is big, there will be more people; Soldiers with sharp weapons must be brave. Therefore, Mount Tai can only become a towering mountain if it does not refuse the soil; Rivers and seas can only become deep water if they do not abandon streams; Only when the king does not abandon the people can he show his virtue. Therefore, regardless of things and nationalities, the land is rich all year round, and ghosts and gods will come to bless it. This is why the five emperors and three kings are invincible! Now your majesty has abandoned the people to help the enemy, refused the guest to force the minister, and made the people all over the world quit Qin and dare not go west or enter Qin. This is exactly what people say: give food to robbers and lend weapons to enemies! Many things are not produced in Qin dynasty, but many can be used as treasures; Many literati were not born in Qin, but many people are willing to serve Qin. It is impossible to save the country from danger by expelling guests, helping the enemy, reducing the population, increasing the enemy's strength, weakening ourselves at home and making enemies with other vassals abroad!
2. Foot-binding ancient prose records that dragons are near Fengcheng. Everyone will meet in the clouds, and Fen Yanxi will welcome you.
The good things of the year belong to Dong Jun today. Song Guan welcomes five horses, rotten gold medals, one hub and one wheel. It's spring in class. When I come back to sleep, the smell is heavy and the candles are light.
The tide is flat at dusk. Sage Secretariat, welcoming guests at dusk.
The elders welcome each other and tell each other that their hair is still rosy and green.
The wind in Hunan is haggard, the courtyard is crying, and it is like a dream to wake up when you meet. Who is heartless? Welcome. Before the youth was green and drunk, I was drunk from the song and recalled that time.
Today's Guji Mountain, a romantic figure, is really a living place. Children, bamboo and horses, greeted the streets and struggled to sing and dance for the king. When Penglai bloomed, he came to be the master of Penglai.
The custom of foot binding
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The original intention and origin of foot binding are misunderstood by most people. But in any case, it used to be a symbol that bound and oppressed women, and this method is very suitable for this effect. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu, a master of Confucianism, enthusiastically popularized the foot-binding system in southern Fujian as a tool to spread Chinese culture and teach people to distinguish between men and women. If we only regard foot-binding as a manifestation of oppressing women, then the average mother will not be so keen on foot-binding her daughter. In fact, the essence of foot binding is always sex, and its origin undoubtedly comes from the palace of the dissolute king It is popular with men because men worship the golden lotus and embroidered shoes as idols of love and appreciate their graceful gait. It is popular with women because they want to seduce men's love.
The origin and age of foot-binding system is a controversial topic. This is actually unnecessary, because it is more suitable. Let's talk about its evolution first. The only exact explanation for the so-called foot binding is to tie your feet with a few yards of striped cloth and throw away your socks. This method was clearly recorded for the first time in history by Yan Ji, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, about the beginning of the tenth century or before the Song Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei still wore socks, because after her death, a sock fell into the hands of an old woman, and it was passed around among the people. Everyone who received money and goods had to look at it. Crazy praise for women's slender feet and their bow shoes prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. The style of bow shoes is that toes bend upwards, which is the bow of Roman rowing, or the origin or a preliminary form of foot binding. This kind of bow shoes was originally used in the palace. In this luxurious atmosphere, full of women's dance, music, musk dragon saliva and splendid bead curtain, it will naturally produce an ingenious craftsman, and the result is such a pretense. This idea belongs to the last emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty. He used to be an exquisite poet. He has a maid-in-waiting, who can walk lightly on the petals of a six-foot-high golden lotus, surrounded by pearls and gold chains. Since then, this fashion has been imitated by people. Because of its decoration, this little foot is called the Golden Lotus or Xiang Lian, and these words are often embellished in poems. The word "Xiang" is very meaningful, because it represents the wealthy families in China, whose study is filled with extraordinary fragrance, and great works are written in such a study.
3. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions:1d; 2C； 3A； 4D； 5 ( 1); (1) the next day, he was appointed as the suggestion of Jiaotoe Road, and (the emperor) ordered him to try a prisoner every day and play one thing.
(Score: tomorrow, tomorrow, Sunday, whole sentence) ② It's hard to say. Where is the draft of the memorial? (Score: first, grass, peace) (2) When it comes to wrong construction, I care about the emperor's intention. (2) Injong was very angry and called to the temple, unyielding.
(3) The emperor was fortunate in the history museum and gave money to the bachelor. They are condescending, and they are upright when they are alone.
(Choose two examples, and you can also summarize the general idea.) Small item analysis 1: To solve this problem, you can substitute the explanation of each option into the original text to see if it is consistent with the context. In the question, the mistake in item D means "fun" or "promotion", so hurry up.
Test center: understand the meaning of common content words in classical Chinese in the text. The ability level is understanding B.
The second analysis: the word "one" in item C, as a preposition, is equivalent to "use". The word "zhi" in item A, as an auxiliary word, is placed between the subject and the predicate and cannot be translated; The latter is equivalent to "it" as a pronoun.
Although the word "zhe" in item B is used as an auxiliary word, the former means pause and cannot be translated; The latter is a sign of attributive postposition and is not translated. Although the "nai" in item D is an adverb, the former is equivalent to "then, then"; The latter is equivalent to "talent".
Test center: Understand the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.
Question 3: This question examines the ability of sentence breaking in classical Chinese. When you answer a question, you can read it as a whole to understand its main idea. Then find out the verb and break the sentence after the object or complement of the verb; You can also break sentences according to the symmetrical sentence patterns in classical Chinese. Test center: Understand and translate the sentences in the text.
The level of ability is to understand B. The fourth analysis: The mistake in D is that Li Shimin said that he was "too scared to remember" only when he stated six things, but in fact, some things are hard to say, so he had to perfunctory the venerable person and the deceased, which can be seen from Wen Xuandi's "unspeakable".
Test center: summarize the main points of the content and summarize the central meaning. The ability level is analytical synthesis C.
Question 5 Analysis: To translate classical Chinese, we must first grasp the meaning of the whole sentence in combination with the context, then find out the key words in the sentence, identify the sentence patterns, and then translate it, usually literally (some special words, such as official names, place names, year numbers, etc. , can not be translated), and pay attention to the execution of sentences. When translating, we should also pay attention to the norms of modern Chinese, so as to make every word fluent.
In this question, "tomorrow" in the sentence (1) means "the next day"; "Change" means "change a post"; "Day" as an adverbial is equivalent to "every day". The "de" in the second sentence is an adverb, which is equivalent to "JIU"; "Grass" is a draft, and "Anzai" means "Zaian", which means "Where".
Test center: Understand and translate the sentences in the text. The ability level is understanding B.
Li Shimin, whose real name is Mao, made peace by words. When I was a child, it was cold in winter. I wrapped my feet in a quilt and put them in a bucket. I read more and more.
In the second year of Yongle, he was a scholar. Honest and frank, strong-willed, taking the world as its own responsibility.
In nineteen years, the Three Temples caught fire, and the imperial edict was issued to seek truth. State fifteen current events.
Chengzu decided to move the capital to Beijing. However, Li Shimin suggested that the construction was wrong and went against the emperor's wishes.
After that, (the emperor) looked at his other statements, many of which hit the nail on the head, threw them on the ground, picked them up again, and finally implemented more. Soon, Li Shimin was framed and imprisoned.
It took more than a year before he was released and was reinstated by Yang Rong. In the first year of Hongxi, (Li Shimin) talked about things again.
Injong was furious and called to the convenient hall, but (he) did not give in to the answer. The emperor ordered the samurai to hit him with a melon, broke his three ribs, dragged him out and almost killed him.
The next day, he was appointed as Jiao Tulu's suggestion, ordering him to try a prisoner every day and play stories. (Li Shimin) After three plays, he was thrown into the Royal Guards Prison.
Li Shimin is kind to thousands of families in Royal Guards. Thousands of families in Qian Qian happened to come to the prison, secretly recruiting doctors and treating them with overseas dragon blood, so that they would not die. A year after Xuan Di ascended the throne, someone told him how Li Shimin offended Qin Shihuang.
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was very angry and ordered the messenger to say, "Tie him up. I will interrogate him myself and kill him. " Later, he ordered Wang to tie him up immediately and behead him in Xicheng, never wanting to see him again.
The king ordered to go out through the side door of Duan Xi. The previous messengers had bound Li Shimin and entered through the side door of Duan Dong, but they did not meet him. Seeing Li Shimin from a distance, the emperor cursed, "How dare you, a small minister, offend the late emperor! What did Shangshu say? Say it quickly. "
Li Shimin kowtowed: "I said that it is not appropriate to be close to the beloved concubine during the mourning period, and the crown prince should not be far away from the emperor." Hearing this, the emperor's anger gradually dissipated.
Li Shimin slowly counted to the sixth thing and stopped. Tang Xuanzong told him to tell everything.
Li Shimin replied, "I'm afraid I can't remember it all." The emperor lost his temper and said, "It's just hard to say. Where is the draft paper? " The answer is, "burned."
Tang Xuanzong sighed and praised Li Shimin's loyalty. He immediately pardoned him and reinstated him as a waiter. In the fifth year of Xuande, the revised Records of Cheng Zu was completed, and (Li Shimian) was promoted to a bachelor's degree in secondary school.
The emperor visited the history museum and threw money at scholars. Singles all collect money on the ground, only Li Shimin is upright.
The emperor then gave him the rest of the money. In the sixth year of orthodoxy, Li Shimin succeeded Beitai as a drink offering.
Orthodoxy requires retirement for eight years, but the emperor does not agree. It was not approved until the spring of orthodox twelve years.
There were nearly 3,000 DPRK ministers and imperial academy students who gave him a farewell dinner outside Doumen, and some even sent him aboard at a distance until the ship sailed. Li Shimin has been making a wine offering for six years and put forward the slogan of "Style, Dedication, Sincerity and Integrity", which deeply taught and encouraged the students.
(He) advocates honesty and shame, resists seeking jobs, distinguishes the virtuous from the foolish, and admonishes and punishes the evil. If a student is poor and can't arrange a wedding, he will save money and help.
Urging (them) to study, the lights are brightly lit, the sound of chanting is endless, and the population is prosperous, more prosperous than before.
4. What is the original intention of foot binding? The original intention is to wrap its feet.
Stop and dare not move forward. Historical records? Biography of Lisi: "Let the people of the world retreat and dare not go west, and hold back."
Liang Qichao's General Discussion on Reform? On the Imperial Examination: "Heroes are not short of breath; People with lofty ideals are not satisfied? " In ancient times, women's foot binding was also called foot binding. Yuan Mei's Poems with the Garden in the Qing Dynasty (Volume 4): "Zhao Juntai of Hangzhou bought a concubine Suzhou, and there was a woman surnamed Li who was good-looking, but she was not good at pestering ... Zhao wanted to play with her, and she took bow shoes as the topic.
The woman is a book cloud:' Three-inch bow shoes have never existed since ancient times, and Master Guanyin also has a pair of shoes. I don't know where the foot binding started, starting with the humble husband in the crowd.
Wang Ji's Notes on Earthworms in Qing Dynasty: "A daughter born in the first year of Kangxi is forbidden to bind her feet." .
5. Classical Chinese translation 1. I heard that the land is vast and the food is abundant; A powerful country has a large population; Soldiers are brave when weapons are powerful. Therefore, Taishan does not give up any soil, so it can be so tall; Rivers and seas do not exclude any trickle, so they can be so deep and wide; The emperor does not exclude any subjects, so he can show his kindness. Therefore, regardless of the land, east, west, north and south, people don't ask which country, all the year round is beautiful and the gods are blessed, which is why the five emperors Huang San is invincible in the world. Nowadays, abandoning the people to support the enemy country and rejecting Keqing's achievements in other princes have made the wise men in the world flinch from the west and stop in Qin. This is the so-called "lending weapons to the enemy and giving food to the enemy"!
2. As for Xiang Yu's abandonment of Guanzhong, his yearning for Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, his exile of Yidi and his independence from the king, it is difficult for him to achieve great things. He boasted about his exploits and tried his best to show his personal intelligence, but refused to learn from the ancients. He believes that the overlord's achievement is to conquer the princes by force to govern the world. As a result, he finally lost his country and died in Dongcheng five years later. He still didn't realize it and didn't blame himself. This is very wrong. Isn't it ridiculous that he wants to get rid of me with the phrase "it's not his fault to kill me"?
6. At first, Wei's doctor accompanied him and had to send Jia to Qi. King Xiang of Qi heard that he was eloquent and gave him gold and wine in private.
I thought I told the secret of Wei to Qi, and I reported it to the Prime Minister of Wei after I returned home. Wei Qi was so angry that he ordered Fan Sui to be whipped, his ribs broken and his teeth knocked out.
Fan Sui had to play dead, was caught in a bamboo mat and thrown into the toilet. Wei Qi also sent drunken guests to pour urine on him to punish future generations and prevent them from talking nonsense. Fan Sui whispered to the guard, "I'd appreciate it if you let me go."
The guard went to ask for instructions to throw away the dead at the banquet. Wei Qi got drunk and said, "All right." Fan Sui was able to escape.
Afterwards, Wei Qi regretted it and sent someone to search Fan Sui. Guo Wei and Zheng Anping hid Fan Sui and renamed it Zhang Lu.
Wang Ji was appointed as the envoy of the State of Qin, and sent an envoy to Wei, asking for audience at midnight. Ji Wang secretly put him in the messenger's car, took him home together, and recommended him to the king of Qin.
The king of Qin decided to summon Fan Sui in his palace. Fan Sui pretended not to know the way to the palace.
When the king of Qin came in in a sedan chair, the eunuch angrily drove Fan Sui away and said, "The king of Qin is here!" Deliberately said Hu: "Qin has no king, only the empress dowager and empress dowager!" " After listening to a few words, the king of Qin stepped back from his entourage, knelt down and asked, "What can you teach me, sir?" Fan Sui just said, "Yes, yes." So three times.
The king of Qin added, "Will you teach me?" Fan Sui said, "How dare I! I am an exile, and I have no contact with the king. What I want to tell you is all about correcting your mistakes, which is related to your flesh and blood relatives. Even if I am willing to be loyal, I still don't know the sincerity of the king, so I dare not answer his three questions. I know that if I say it in front of you today, I will be in danger of being executed tomorrow, but I still dare not avoid it.
Death is inevitable for everyone. If my death can benefit Qin, that is my greatest wish. I'm afraid that after I was executed, all the wise men in the world were silent and stopped going to Qin. "
The king of Qin knelt down again and said, "Sir, what are you talking about? I can see Mr. Wang today because God thinks I'm muddy and gave you to me to save the ancestral temple of Qin State. No matter big or small, from the queen mother to the minister, I hope you can give me some advice. Don't doubt my sincerity! " Fan Sui bowed and the king of Qin hurried back.
Fan Sui went on to say, "With the strength of Qin and the courage of foot soldiers, dealing with other countries is like chasing a lame rabbit with a vicious dog like Lu Han. Qin, on the other hand, stayed outside the Commissioner for fifteen years and dared not send troops to attack the east of Yishan. This is because Wei Ran is disloyal to Qin's plan, but your policy is also wrong. "
The king of Qin knelt down and said, "I want to know what is going on!" " "However, many entourage around are eavesdropping. Fan Sui didn't dare to mention internal affairs, so he talked about diplomacy first to see if the king of Qin was interested. He went on to say, "It is not a good plan for Hou to go over South Korea and Wei to attack Gang and Shou of Qi.
When the King of Qi conquered Chu in the south, Pojun killed the generals and expanded the territory for thousands of miles. In the end, Qi didn't even get a foot and an inch of territory. Is it because he doesn't want to be important? It's really because the geographical location can't be occupied. Seeing the fatigue of the Qi war, all countries rose up in succession, attacked Qi, smashed Qi army and almost destroyed Qi.
As a result, because Qi attacked Chu, the benefits fell to Han and Wei. Now the king might as well adopt the policy of making friends far away and attacking near. An inch of land is your king's inch, and a foot of land is your king's foot.
Wei and Korea, located in the Central Plains, are the centers of the world. If the king wants to dominate, he must be close to the Central Plains to control the world hub, so as to intimidate Chu and Zhao. Chu Guoqiang must be attached to Zhao and Chu. Once Chu and Zhao join you, Qi will panic.
With the return of Qi, South Korea and Wei will be in the hands of Qin. "The king of Qin said," good. "
So he took Fan Sui as a guest and discussed military affairs with him.
7. Jia Sanjin's Notes on Classical Chinese Jia Sanjin, whose name is Xiu De, is from yi county. Qin Long was a scholar for two years. Choose Jishi Shu and teach officials to do things. In June of four years, I said, "Those who are well governed are law-abiding and obedient to the people, but they go too far." . The order of this temple is not believed by counties, and the order of counties is not believed by Wang. The more urgent you rent, the more urgent you rush, the more comfortable you chase, the lighter your punishment and the lighter your death. Positive losses, the need for supplies, and the cost of the frontier, although it is impossible to lose a penny. There is nothing wrong with the power grid system. In addition, most of the prisoners are people who cheer up and gather things, while those who are light, lenient and easy, although they keep orders with virtue, their heart of peace maintenance gradually shifts to harsh inspection, and their thoughts of comforting words are pulled away from the loss of expropriation, so the people are not sleepy. Begging for precepts is a law-abiding thing, and prison is the least important thing, but it is a great loss. "All the time, after the soothing words, the ministers met with the county magistrate, and the rate was heavy and light. The same forbearance is also a caressing word in Jinshi, and it is a palliative in raising people. The same strictness is smart among Jinshi and severe among juren. People who think that they support others are either arrogant, unwilling to choose people or bound their feet. Let encouragement be the way, because encouragement. " A letter to all of Yu Yun.
In the first year of Wanli, Chen Bo and Wang Mo of Pingjiang married the Queen Mother and got married in Huguang Town. 3. Approaching the filth, but not sending it away. When it comes to shipping, turn over the boat and stop using the last three words. At the beginning, it was ordered to levy an eight-point rate, and those who failed to meet the standards were punished. Please reduce one point for the poor, and observe it. Wen Tai, an official in China, asked me to pay all the customs duties and the salt in the internal treasury, and said that I would tax the principal and repay it. Today, it is a waste of land, and it is a bad open law. If I insert the money, I will miss the plan. Discussion is sleeping.
Twelve years, called palm GuangLu, its autumn, worship the right-handmaiden suggestion, governor Baoding. Gifford is hungry. Good loan. Call Dali Qing. If you don't, you have to provide for the elderly. I said goodbye to the old man from the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. This is not allowed. Looking for a chess piece. (Excerpted from the Biography of Jia Sanjin in Ming Dynasty, with deletion)
Translation:
Jia Sanjin, a native of Yixian County, is named Xiu De. Qin Long was a scholar for two years. After being elected as Jishi Shu, he was awarded an official position. In June of four years, Shang Shu said:' People who govern well follow the law, which means what the people want, except those who transgress. At present, the orders of the imperial court are not believed in counties, and neither are the orders of counties and people. It is more urgent to reduce or exempt taxes, but when it comes to disaster relief, it is still the same as before to recover taxes owed and reduce punishment, but people who die unjustly abound. Normal taxes, goods supplied to the imperial court, and expenses needed by the frontier can't be reduced even if they want to. No one can change these rules. Moreover, most officials in charge of supervision and inspection choose energetic and eventful people, and despise tolerant and peaceful people. Although they are virtuous and orderly, their heart of comforting and supporting the people has gradually become harsh and shrewd, and their thought of comforting and loving the people has been taxed and imported into the government, which has changed day by day. How can people not be trapped? The request warns officials to abide by the law, and the prison hall should not covet the immediate achievements and lose its generosity. "
Later, he wrote: "The governor treats state and county officials with ministers, and pays more attention to scholars than people. And generous. When I arrived in Jinshi, I was given a pension. When it comes to raising people, it is considered connivance. It is also strict. When it comes to Jinshi, it is considered to be meticulous. When it comes to Juren, it is considered to be harsh and cruel. As a juren, you won't be awarded an official until your head is bald and your teeth are missing; Some people stop to destroy their official uniforms and give up the idea of being an official. And is juren short of talents? They should be allowed to work hard on this career path and be encouraged according to what they have done. " The imperial edicts have all been agreed.
In the first year of Wanli, Chen Bo and Wang Mo of Pingjiang were promoted to defend Huguang because they were in-laws of the Queen Mother. Jia Sanjin exposed his dirty behavior, so he didn't send it. At that time, shipping had just started and many ships sank, so this labor force was removed because of three recent comments. At first, it was ordered to collect taxes at an eighth rate, and if it was not enough, it was criticized and punished.
Sanjin demanded a reduction of one point for people with poor land, and the emperor obeyed in the imperial edict. China official Wen Tai asked me to pay all customs duties and salt taxes to Neiku. Sanjin proposed that the tariff on salt was originally supplied to the border customs. Nowadays, most of the border crossings are deserted, and the court took the lead in destroying this rule. This is all that the frontier fortress relies on. If it is all given to the palace, it will definitely delay the plan of border clearance. The discussion stopped.
In the twelfth year, the court recalled Guanglu Temple. In the autumn of this year, the official worshipped Uncle You as an imperial advisor and also served as the governor of Baoding. The famine near Kyoto was serious, and three recent rescues were effective. Was recalled by the court to worship Dali Qing. I didn't take office because my parents went home to support the elderly when they were old. As the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, he resigned because of his advanced age, but he was not allowed. He died soon.