Question 2: What does it mean to enrich the people first and then govern the country? Literally: all laws governing the country must enrich the people first.
The profound meaning is: when the rich countries enrich the people first, the country will be strong, and there will be fewer unrest crimes caused by poverty, so as to better govern a country.
Question 3: the way of governing the country, the way of the emperor, and the way of medical treatment. What exactly does the word "Tao" mean? Basic meaning.
1. Road, direction, mode: ~ Road. Iron ~. Like-minded
2. refers to the law, the law: ~ reason. ~ Germany. ~ righteousness. More help, less help.
3. Academic or religious ideology: ~ learning. Pass ~. Repair ~.
4. methods, methods and techniques: door ~. Doctor.
5. Refers to "Taoism" (a school in China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with Lao Dan and Zhuang Zhou as the main representatives).
6. Refers to "Taoism" (one of the major religions in China, founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty): ~ Guan (guàn). ~ stone. ~ aunt. ~ Hang (háng) (Kung Fu, a metaphor for the skills and techniques of practicing Buddhism and Taoism).
7. refers to some reactionary superstitious organizations: hui ~ men. Always ~.
8. speak, speak: ~ white. As the saying goes. It can be said to be ~.
9. express love in words: ~ hi. ~ sorry. ~ thank you.
10. Line: pencil ~.
1 1. Name of China Historical Administrative Region. The Tang Dynasty is equivalent to the present province. In the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, "Dao" was set up below the provincial level.
12. Names of administrative regions of some countries.
13. Quantifier: 1 ~ Yamato. Two doors. Brush it three times.
14. Unit of measurement, commonly known as "Mi Hu".
Question 4: What was the ancient way of governing the country? Every thinker has his own theory. Generally speaking, almost all dynasties after the Han Dynasty followed the path of Xunzi. Long ceremony values law, morality and ability, and faith comes first. Even after the Song Dynasty, Xunzi's position was not recognized, and the program of governing the country was essentially Xunzi's. It's just that everything has changed, not the original intention of Confucius and Xunzi, but the specious thing of Mencius.
In detail, respecting the law is a whole social rule, the principle of selecting officials is respecting morality and ability, and loyalty is the basic requirement of the emperor first.
Longli means to pay attention to etiquette. National legislation is based on etiquette, that is, laws must not conflict with legislation. Moreover, among aristocrats and officials, those who don't pay attention to etiquette and manners will be criticized and punished, ranging from losing power and prestige to dismissal and demotion. Of course, fewer people are dismissed, and they will be corrected after criticism. Jokes and criticisms are imperial edicts. If you don't change it, you will not respect it. You are sure to die.
Attaching importance to the law means attaching importance to the role of the law. All previous dynasties had relatively complete laws. During the Han and Tang dynasties, due to the underdevelopment of paper and printing, the scope of cultural exchange was small, and most people did not understand etiquette, so the role of law was very great. Even if the number of Confucian scholars increased and the number of civilians was huge, these people could not control the ceremony (the so-called ceremony could not hold Shu Ren) and had to use the law. Therefore, especially after the Tang Dynasty, successive dynasties have established relatively complete laws applicable to agricultural countries.
Paying attention to morality means paying attention to the moral character of officials when choosing officials. There was no imperial examination in the Han dynasty, and officials came from virtuous Confucian scholars recommended by various places. In the Tang dynasty, it was not just ability. Those who are capable without virtue have limited room for improvement unless they need it specially. Of course, special cases like Li and Yang can't be counted. In Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the selection of officials was strict, and the topic originated from Confucianism. In the promotion of officials, we also need to examine virtue.
Emphasizing ability means attaching importance to the ability of officials. Profound knowledge does not necessarily lead to high positions. During the Han and Tang dynasties, this was not obvious. After the Song Dynasty, the number and ultimate height of top scholars were not comparable to those who lost the imperial examination.
Faith comes first, which is often said on TV. The emperor's words, as long as said, we must not go back on our word. Emperors have always been like this. Disloyal emperors, except the founding ones, have no good end.
In addition, the actual governance programs of past dynasties have their own emphasis. Although they are all Confucian names, their cores are not the same. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, a hundred schools of thought kept their honor and did nothing as Laozi. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucianism had become a national program, but in fact, each dynasty had its own emphasis. Throughout the Han Dynasty, the selection of officials was based on Confucian moral standards and was recommended by serving officials. During this period, there was no clear program of governing the country to respect which one, but only general Confucianism, that is, Confucius was supreme and both Xun and Meng were equally important. In the Tang Dynasty, "water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it", that is, the idea of attaching importance to the people, but the etiquette and law were weakened and the law was strengthened, which was not much different from that in the Han Dynasty and was more general. In the early Song Dynasty, benevolence and filial piety were clearly put forward, and there was little difference between them. Because Confucianism has the pursuit of erudition, even if they are both Confucianism, their understanding of Confucianism is different. At this time, the understanding of Confucius' Tao is still inconclusive, so Confucianism is also biased. Some appraisal methods adhere to Xunzi's way, but they are not legalists, but can only be said to be Xunzi School. Some people disagree with the function of law, reject law and stick to Mencius' way, which can be described as Mencius school. Although this difference was different before the Song Dynasty, it was basically harmonious under the Confucius principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences. Wang Anshi's political reform in the Song Dynasty was the fuse, which led to the party struggle between the old and the new factions composed of Xunzi School and Mencius School for the status of Confucius' orthodox successor, and Confucianism was formally split. Later, due to the obvious victory of the old Party, Mencius' thought was greatly promoted, and finally the strongly exclusive Confucianism of Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism was formed. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the way of governing the country was biased towards Mencius, but the clear way of benevolence and filial piety kept it from chaos, but its military strength was weak. By the Ming Dynasty, because Neo-Confucianism and Mencius' theory occupied an absolute dominant position, in essence, Confucianism had already used Mencius' things under the signboard of Confucius. There is no big problem if his theory of governing the country is detailed and systematic, but Mencius' theory is more about self-cultivation and governance theory is not enough and systematic. And if the former king is also a process of governing the country, there are too many former kings in China, and there are too many contradictions. Therefore, the program of governing the country in the Ming Dynasty is changeable, capricious and chaotic. The problems in the Qing Dynasty were similar to those in the Ming Dynasty, but he was slightly better at "resolutely safeguarding the interests of the Qing Dynasty". Although this program is difficult for modern China people to accept, it is undeniable that it played a very, very important role in the state affairs of the Qing Dynasty ... & gt
Question 5: What is the way of governing the country of Qin? Qin's way of governing the country;
Concentration (of power)
In order to effectively manage the country and lay a foundation for future generations, Qin Shihuang learned the specific experience of setting up official positions during the Warring States period and established a fairly complete set of centralized and political institutions.
head office
The central government has a premier, A Qiu, and an ancient adviser. The Prime Minister has two left and right members, and he is the head of a hundred officials, in charge of political affairs. Qiu is in charge of the military and doesn't often buy it. The Imperial Scholar is the second deputy of the Prime Minister, in charge of the library secretary and supervising officials.
Under the Prime Minister, Qiu, and imperial envoys, there are various ministers who are in charge of specific government affairs, including doctors in charge of the palace, guards stationed in the palace, deputy generals in charge of public security in Gyeonggi, Tingwei in charge of punishment, internal history of Ji Xia, taxes on mountains and seas and handicrafts supplied by the government to the royal family, those in charge of the palace, those in charge of domestic ethnic affairs and foreign affairs, and guest appearances. The prime minister, Qiu, Qiu, discussed the state affairs, and the emperor ruled.
In addition, there were some important official positions in the Qin dynasty, such as doctors, who were familiar with ancient and modern history for the emperor's consultation and were responsible for collecting books. Hua Gai Guo is in charge of minority affairs just like Dian Ke, but the difference is that Dian Ke is in charge of communication with the minorities who are friendly to Qin State, and Hua Gai Guo is in charge of surrendering to the minorities in Qin State. Zhan's-managing the affairs of the queen and the prince.
The centralization of authority established in the Qin Dynasty was imitated by successive dynasties. Among them, the "three public officials and nine ministers" in the Han Dynasty basically copied the Qin system.
Local institutions
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he adopted Lisi's suggestion, abolished the enfeoffment system and switched to the county system. Local administrative agencies are divided into counties and counties. Principal officials of counties and counties are appointed and removed by the central government.
There are guards, governors and supervisors in the county. The sheriff is in charge of his county. The county commandant assisted the county magistrate and gave a military salute. Supervised by the county police. Qin Shihuang divided the whole country into 36 counties, and later it gradually increased to 4 1 county.
Question 6: The way to govern the country is to enrich the people first. Article 48 governing the country. Guan Zhong (725-645 BC), surnamed Ji, Guan Shi, real name Yi Wu, word Zhongjing,No. Guan Zi, Wu Guan, Han nationality, Yingshang (now Yingshang County, Anhui Province), was a politician, philosopher, strategist and descendant of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Guan Zhong lost his father when he was young, and his mother was in the hospital, living in poverty. He had to shoulder the burden of his family early. In order to make a living, he went into business with Bao. After joining the army, he went to Qi State. After many twists and turns, he was recommended by Bao as an official of Qi State (that is, the Prime Minister). He had the reputation of "the first phase in the Spring and Autumn Period" and helped him become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period, so there was also the saying that "Guan Yi was a scholar". Although Guan Zhong was a minister of Qi, he was regarded as a model of prime minister in the history of China. During his tenure, he carried out great reforms and attached importance to business. He was once regarded as the patron saint of China by the establishment of the state-run prostitute system. "Mandarin? Chyi Yu, Historical Records? Biography of Yan Guan, Guanzi and Zuozhuan all recorded his life. Guan Zhong was analyzed and criticized in The Analects of Confucius in the Northern Song Dynasty and On Guan Zhong by Su Xun.