The survey named "Corruption Research in India in 2005" collected the information and opinions of nearly 6,543,800+500,000 respondents living in India. 62% of the respondents said that they all had the experience of bribing officials directly or through connections to get 1 basic services. Police department, medical education, national tax department and primary court are the target departments of Indian bribery. Among them, Indian law enforcement agencies, including courts, are considered to be the most corrupt government departments, and 80% of the respondents who have dealt with the police said that they must use money to solve the problem; Secondly, it is the state-owned power, hydraulic system and government tax department that need residents to use money to solve the problem.
The people surveyed said that they had to pay officials, because if they didn't do so, they would not only be unable to enjoy the free public resources provided by the government, but might also be harassed "abnormally" in their work and life. From this point of view, in this vast democratic country, the stubborn disease of corruption has penetrated into every corner of the daily life of the poor. It can be said that corruption is "home".
It's hard to be innocent!
Law enforcement corruption is the main corruption project of India 1. In reality, there are 1 small economic disputes brought to the grass-roots courts. If you don't use 1' s brain to severely punish the judges, it will take at least three to five years, and it is not unusual to have a decade or two. People have long lost confidence in grass-roots law enforcement departments. Corruption of government officials has developed into a highly tacit 1 "iron law" in Indian officialdom. Officialdom people constitute 1 huge interests of corrupt officials. In this atmosphere, honesty is much more difficult than corruption, and no one should want to be innocent! Many exposed corruption cases involve the whole department.
In India, officials have two basic points. First, big officials are greedy, small officials are greedy, and there is no official greed; Secondly, I dare to make any money! What about poverty alleviation funds, disaster relief funds and resettlement funds? You're welcome to say that all subsidies given by the central government to ordinary people will be stripped off as long as the money is handed over to any government (department) at the level of 1. Government officials in poor and backward border States just chew up the meat and leave the residue to the people. These disaster relief funds allocated by government officials at all levels have been "discounted" by the people.
Gutham Goswami, the chief executive of Patna, the capital of Bihar, was grandly promoted by Time magazine in 2004. In 2004, he secretly pocketed 65.438 billion rupees (about US$ 3.9 million) and fled in May 2005 after the crime was about to be revealed. After receiving a report recently, the Central Audit Department of India searched the residences of some tax officials of the most populous and poorest Uttar Pradesh government. Many people's homes are full of antiques and jewels, and the source of a lot of cash and bank deposits is unknown. The prosecutor said: "The corruption of some tax officials in 1 has reached an outrageous level, and our minister is still sitting at the desk of the Prime Minister talking about his tax thoughts!"
India's "yamen"
Some people say that the "yamen" in India is 1 a place where any story can happen. Indeed, Indian officialdom is very interesting.
The modern constitutional system should be a political system that 1 country protects people's vital interests to the greatest extent. Only under this system can it be meaningful to talk about advanced productive forces and culture, which seems to have no effect in India. In the process of India's development, many economic bottlenecks "stubborn diseases" that no one can tell are subject to this. For example, because India's private property rights system protects private ownership of land, the highway construction in India has hardly made any progress because of its high cost; On the contrary, in the name of this constitutionalism, the pockets of Indian civil servants have expanded abnormally.
It goes without saying that in India's huge and bloated government agencies, the official gangrene of backward countries can be seen everywhere. Such as selling officials and titles, trading power and money, eating the white road and eating the underworld, all belong to "pediatrics." However, things involving the interests of ordinary people are kicked around like a ball by "officials" at all levels, which is the most common thing in officialdom. The powerful and rich people are worshiped by the government, big and small, and the lowest-level civil servants who started to learn in Lian Gang all expect to wipe 1 share the oil from the rich people.
Fortunately, Indians have been worshipping Buddhism for thousands of years, "trying and making mistakes" against the government manipulated by interest groups, and often "making mistakes" economically, so they have great endurance. Traditionally, they are 1 advocates of Ah Q doctrine, and only those who practice yoga all the year round can understand the doorway of the intangible thing "spirit". When hungry villagers in remote areas of India saw voting machines carried by elephants by "superiors", excited voters had long forgotten their hunger and the unfair troubles they suffered in society.
Who will be serious?
Theoretically speaking, political corruption and economic corruption are 1 twins, which will eventually drag down economic development. The World Bank has repeatedly reminded the leaders of the third world that poverty and corruption are mutually causal. But in reality, the political corruption and official chaos in 1 country have far less profound influence on economic development than people think. At least so far, we haven't seen the crazy pace of 1 national capital flow stopped by corruption.
Moreover, this 1 point is very important. After India opened its door to the outside world in the 1990s, its economic development momentum is still very rapid. Nowadays, the eyes of the world's financial and commercial oligarchs are constantly turning to India. In fact, there are few countries like the United States that legislate on bribery of overseas officials (such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act). Not only have they not been recognized by Asian and European business leaders, but their scope and traceability are also limited. For businessmen, as long as they make money and really want to make money, no one will really stare at discussing the political and business corruption in this country. After all, making money is the last word.
Moreover, this 1 point is very important. Sometimes, in the 1 government "yamen" busy making money from top to bottom, it often means that the business investment environment is "favorable". Businessmen who run the official road are not only easy to dig 1 barrel of gold, but other odds and ends of money seem to be more "real". This seems to have become the 1 "iron law" of some poor and backward countries. Of course, the premise is that the officials in this country are not greedy enough. In other words, at least 1 bit of residue and broken bones can be served on the table of "folks".
The crux of the problem
A government that has established a modern democratic constitutional system and 1 people shouted all kinds of political slogans on the stage under the banner of governing for the people, why did it make a big democratic country like this under the aura of 1 constitutionalism? Why did the structural corruption, which should only appear under the original constitutional system, develop into a holistic institutional corruption?
There is 1 view that Indian law originated from the British "law of the sea" system, emphasizing evidence collection and court prosecution. Due to the difficulty in obtaining evidence (weak government, chaotic management and family relations) and complicated procedures, a large number of corrupt acts of government officials cannot be punished in time. The high degree of corruption in law enforcement encourages the corruption of other administrative officials to some extent. In other words, India's elected system of checks and balances of power has not played its due role in "constitutionalism". Instead, it has become a tool for politicians, including "upper caste" interest groups, to engage in political distribution and seize the blood and sweat of taxpayers.
[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]
However, the above statement seems far-fetched to the author. There are some deeper reasons why the political system that made the British Empire rise failed in India, such as 1. For example, traditional multiculturalism, complex religious beliefs, deep-rooted caste system, and frequent mistakes in government and economic decisions made by interest groups seem to be more 1 kind of resultant force.
Sound laws and systems are important, but it is people who finally make these systems work. The system itself is far from ensuring political correctness, nor is it the ultimate force to solve problems. If no one takes the system seriously, even the best system will be in vain.
That is, from this level, the author thinks that it is absolutely impossible to maintain the normal operation of the government without rules of the game, and it should be 1 more terrible to formulate rules to deal with complex social interpersonal relationships and so-called "hidden rules" of officialdom. In other words, if the rules are made and the cards are not played according to the rules, there is no way to play this card. This is the so-called "golden jade is outside, but it is defeated."