The revolution took place within three days from July 27th to 29th in 1830, also known as "three glorious days".
1In September, 829, Charles X appointed Prince pauillac, who was loyal to the restoration of Bourbon, to form a cabinet. Pauliac was a fugitive aristocrat, and his parents were closely related to the Bourbon dynasty. Other cabinet ministers are also extreme royalists. The bourgeoisie and the masses hated these remnants of feudal autocracy, and carried out political struggles and public opinion attacks on Charles X's perversion.
1830 On July 25th, Charles X signed four decrees prohibiting the freedom of the press. Any printed matter with more than 20 sheets must have a license issued by the king or provincial governors, and supervise and keep the printing equipment. The royal decree also provides for a new election method. These regulations prohibiting the free circulation of newspapers and strict censorship stifle the public opinion mouthpiece of bourgeois liberals, harm the interests of factory owners and workers who develop industries, and deprive the commercial bourgeoisie of the right to vote. These four decrees immediately aroused strong dissatisfaction among the bourgeoisie, students and workers and became the fuse of the July Revolution.
On July 26th, workers, artisans and students held rallies in many places in Paris, and there was a small-scale conflict with the military police.
The bourgeoisie also took action and soon formed two political assembly centers. One of the big bankers lafitte and Kazmir? Beril lives in the editorial department of the national newspaper, a famous bourgeois newspaper. They finally joined forces and unanimously elected thiers, editor-in-chief of El Pais, to draft a protest against the Polish Nica cabinet.
On the morning of July 27th, the commander of the Royal Army, Marshal Ma Meng, ordered the military and police to close the progressive newspapers "The National" and "The Times" according to the will of Charles X. Some printing houses and shops were forced to close. Many dismissed workers first took to the streets to protest, and students joined in. They shouted slogans: "Down with the law! Long live the Charter! " "Down with the minister!" In the afternoon, the military police went to disperse the crowd gathered near the Paris Opera House, and the people threw stones at them. In the conflict with the military police, 1 people died and 3 people were injured. Instantly "revenge!" You can hear it everywhere. "Take up arms!" Slogan. People's rallies and demonstrations gradually turned into armed uprisings.
Subsequently, uprisings broke out in many parts of Paris, and an angry crowd killed a military policeman.
The uprising became more and more fierce, Paris became more and more chaotic, and people were killed in the conflict. The people are even more angry.
In the early morning of July 28th, people in Paris began to destroy streets and build roadblocks. They smashed the signs of the restoration of Bourbon everywhere and planted the exciting tricolor flag of the French Revolution to prepare for the battle. Arms dealers generously provided weapons, and veterans also participated in the operation. The people threw stones at the troops who came forward to suppress, and many soldiers were killed or injured.
Faced with this situation, the generals of Charles X finally realized: "This is no longer a riot, but a revolution!" They asked the king to take peaceful measures to stop the spread of the situation.
However, Charles X, egged on by the cabinet of Nyak in Poland, issued the order of "martial law in Paris" to suppress the people's uprising by force in an attempt to ensure political victory by military victory. But the fire of resistance of the people of Paris cannot be extinguished. Under the heroic resistance of the people, the army was stopped and paid a heavy price for their actions.
Armed rebels occupied the city hall and continued to build and strengthen barricades. The full-scale attack on the National Guard by more than 80,000 insurgents soon began. They stubbornly approached the Louvre and Tuileries Palace, where the National Guard was stationed, regardless of the crazy shooting of the king's army. Their heroic actions continued to win, which also frightened the enemy. Some of the army soldiers who could not meet each other calmly accepted the surrender, while others fled the army. General Shari was even more at a loss. He misheard the order. At first, the king ordered him to concentrate on fighting back, but he evacuated the soldiers to the courtyard of the Louvre. As a result, the National Guard collapsed like a dam, the insurgents instantly poured into the Louvre, and the soldiers fled to the nearby Tuileries Palace. The army's resistance was useless; they completely failed.
On the afternoon of July 29, under the situation of the victory of the people's uprising, bourgeois parliamentarians took the action of usurping the fruits of the revolution. Thirty members of parliament met at lafitte's house and decided to set up an interim government to exercise political power.
From the beginning to the end of the uprising, Charles X's attitude was also changing. At the beginning of the uprising on July 26th, Charles X was very arrogant. On that day, he went out hunting early and returned to the palace in the evening. His generals sent him battle reports twice, warning that his throne was threatened and the people could not stop him and asked for peace. Charles X's answer was to declare martial law in Paris and reprimand the general for dereliction of duty. The representatives of the bourgeoisie came to make peace, and Charles X thought that the representatives came to make peace and continued to threaten by force. He also said: "It is the duty of the king to issue martial law." When he learned that a part of the National Guard gathered with the people out of sympathy, he shouted, "If so, shoot the army."
On July 29, the news that the National Guard was defeated and defected came, and Charles X was shocked. He kept repeating the name of Louis XVI who was guillotined by the people in the French Revolution. After a little calmness, he called a cabinet meeting to discuss countermeasures in an attempt to fight back. In order to keep the throne, he decided to dismiss the general who commanded the army and dissolve the cabinet who was in cahoots with him, but these measures could not alleviate the people's anger. When the representative of Charles X announced the king's decision, the revolutionary bourgeois parliamentarians replied: "The revolution has begun and must be completed. An outdated and hopeless dynasty must be replaced by a freer dynasty. Charles X will never return to Paris, where the people of Paris are bloody. "
On July 30th, thiers, Miner and some newspaper writers drafted a statement in support of the Duke of Orleans coming to power. On July 3 1 day, the House of Representatives held a meeting to welcome the Duke of Orleans. 1 In August, Charles X was forced to appoint the Duke of Orleans as Regent. On August 2nd, Charles X abdicated and fled to England. On August 9th, Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans, officially ascended the throne, and the rule of the July dynasty began.
The July Revolution was a bourgeois revolution. This revolution shattered the dream of French feudal autocracy, dealt a heavy blow to holy alliance's reactionary system, and promoted the democratic reform and national liberation movement in other European countries.