Beijing Telegraph Building is a large-scale comprehensive communication hub project for the construction of posts and telecommunications in the National Tenth Five-Year Plan, and its network structure fully embodies this point. As the center of the national telecommunication network and the main tandem office of the national telegraph network, Beijing Telegraph Building has direct telegraph lines with provincial capitals, municipalities directly under the Central Government, capitals of autonomous regions, industrial and commercial cities, important seaports, frontier fortresses and resorts. Established international newspaper routes with major countries and regions in the world. The business hall of the building and the post and telecommunications sub-offices in Beijing, suburbs and counties can receive telegrams from residents, enterprises and institutions; Newspapers sent to Beijing are relayed by all post and telecommunications sub-offices. Most of the city's post and telecommunications sub-offices and institutions, enterprises and institutions with large business volume have established local direct reporting lines with the newspaper office in the building; Domestic, international and subscriber lines are notified by teletypewriter, and semi-automatic transmission is realized by tearing off perforated paper. Domestic telegraph circuits mainly use carrier telegraph circuits, international circuits use short-wave wireless and carrier circuits, meteorological and flood reporting central stations still use short-wave wireless Morse manual circuits, and local telephone and subscriber line circuits use local telephone network lines for transmission. In addition, the fax telegraph circuit of the telegraph building reaches the major cities in China and the capitals of major countries in the world, and the transmission mode adopts carrier wave, microwave and short-wave wireless circuits.

In terms of equipment, Beijing Telegraph Building is equipped with mechanical type 55 teletypewriter, 16 carrier telegraph, Chinese decoder, double-headed automatic numbering transmitter, ARQ automatic error correction equipment, single-stream and double-stream conversion equipment, fax equipment, testing instruments and so on. At the same time, after the opening of the telegraph building, the internal telegraph transmission system was changed from manual transmission to conveyor belt, trolley bus and pneumatic conveying pipe, which realized the semi-automation of telegraph manuscript transmission and greatly improved the speed.

At that time, the business hall of the telegraph building looked luxurious and solemn. In the early days of use, according to the "post and telecommunications integration" system, the east side of the hall is the postal service counter, and the west side is the telegraph service counter. In the autumn of 1969, with the approval of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, it was decided to move out all the postal business counters and change them into business windows and sound-proof rooms to accept long-distance calls.

At that time, it was a luxury to send a telegram or make a long-distance call to Beijing Telegraph Building. Unless it is urgent, Beijingers will not easily use this means of communication.