Fly to the top of Chihiro Tower, hear the cock crow and the sun rise. As written in a China poem, we are not afraid of dark clouds covering our sight, because we are already on the top of the mountain.

Precautions:

Interpretation of the whole poem:

Chihiro Tower stands at the top of Feilai Peak. It is said that when chickens crow on the tower, they can see the rising sun. Not afraid of clouds covering the distant eyes, just because the body stands at the highest peak of the mountain.

1. Feilaifeng: It's Lin Bao outside Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

2. Chihiro Tower: Describe this tower as very high. In ancient times, a search was equal to eight feet.

3. Fate: Because.

When the rooster crows, the sun rises: when the rooster crows, you can see the sun rise.

Writing background:

Deng Fei Laifeng was written by Wang Anshi at the age of 30. In the summer of Emperor Youdi's second year (1050), Ren Man wrote this poem when he returned to his hometown in Linchuan, Jiangxi. This poem is his first official work. At this time, he was young and vigorous, just to express his feelings and entrust his strong feelings by climbing Feilai Peak, which can be regarded as a prelude to the implementation of the new law.

Appreciate:

The first sentence is about the terrain of Feilaifeng. The top of the mountain is in front of Lingyin Temple in West Lake, Hangzhou. There is a Chihiro Tower on the top of the mountain, which shows its height. This sentence is extremely written about the high risk of boarding.

The purpose of writing sentences is extremely far away. As the saying goes, "The Story of the Xuanzhong" says: "There is a big tree in Du Taoshan, named Du Tao, with branches three thousand miles apart. There is a pheasant in the sky. At the beginning of the day, the tree shines, the pheasant crows, and the chickens in the world follow. " According to this test, the word "I heard that the rooster crows and the sun rises" is not only popular in Wanli, but also famous and powerful. Although it is a foreshadowing, it cannot be taken lightly. And the author is practical and ingenious. For example, the allusion "The sun shines on this tree and the cock crows at dawn" originally meant "The day after tomorrow", but Wang Anshi did not say "When you hear the cock crow at sunrise, you say" When you hear the cock crow at sunrise ",which means" The cock crows first, then the sun rises ". Poets are often subtle in their use of things, and they cannot aim at impartiality, or they make mistakes in their use of things for fear of having another meaning.

Turning the word "not afraid" into harsh language is overwhelming. "Clouds cover your eyes" has an allusion. According to Professor Wu Xiaoru's research, people in the Western Han Dynasty often compared floating clouds to evil villains, such as the Shen Xinyu Wei film: "Therefore, evil ministers cover sages as floating clouds cover the sun." That's what the king's judgment means. He also has a seven-metrical poem "Reading History", in which a couplet says: "At that time, darkness was still a mistake, and the customs at the end were even more chaotic." If you want to achieve great things, the most terrible thing is to "cover your eyes with clouds" and "confuse the truth with vulgarity", which was defeated by Wang Anshi's later implementation of the new law. The poet's good intentions are shown in this poem.

The conclusion of the sentence uses "at the highest level" to enhance the realm of poetry, which has a far-sighted spirit. Turn, knot two sentences, wonderful love words, is also a famous sentence through the ages; The author's finishing touch is the conclusion. As far as the situation is concerned, the word order should be "because I am at the highest level, I am not afraid of clouds and fog", but the author is the other way around, saying the result first and then the reason; The inversion of one cause and one effect shows the transformation of poetic vision. Although this is a common method of writing poetry, it also shows the author's profound conception.

3. Climb the stairs.

Wang Zhihuan was a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Born in Youhe (now Hebei), he was an official in Hengshui, Jizhou. Not accustomed to the constraints of officialdom, he hung up his hat and left, leaving his feelings behind. His whole family loves poetry, which cultivated his strong interest in writing poetry. After traveling extensively in mountains and rivers, he strengthened his love for the motherland and mountains and rivers, and also inspired his poetic interest. His diligence made him as famous as Wang Changling, Gao Shi and others at that time and became a famous frontier poet.

According to legend, he and Wang Changling and Gao Shi had a story about painting a wall in the flag pavilion: one day, three people went to the flag pavilion to drink and met a dozen singers who sang poems. They secretly agreed to see who sang more poems. At this time, I only heard a singer singing "Entering Wu on a Cold and Rainy Night". Seeing that Wang Changling was singing his own poem, he raised his hand and drew a line on the wall, saying "a quatrain". Another singer sang Tears in My Eyes. When Gao Shi saw singing his own poem, he also drew a line on the wall and said "a quatrain". After a while, another singer sang "Open the Golden Temple with a Broom". Wang Changling drew another line and said "two quatrains". Seeing that no one sang her own poems, Wang Zhihuan pointed to the most beautiful singer and said to her two friends, "If she doesn't sing my poems, I will never dare to compare with you in my life." After a while, I heard the singer sing "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". Wang Zhihuan ridiculed Wang Changling and Gao Shi: "Village man, am I lying?" So the three of them laughed and drank all day and got as drunk as a fiddler. Later, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people changed this story into a drama. As the history books say, Wang Zhihuan's poems, "from music to population", have a wide and far-reaching influence.

Like the Liangzhou Ci mentioned in the legend of Painting a Wall with a Flag Pavilion, the poem "Climbing the Quelou" is a well-known quatrain of Wang Zhihuan. The original site of Stork House is located in the southwest of Yongji County, Shanxi Province. Legend has it that storks and storks often live on it, hence its name. The building is built on the bank of the Yellow River and is three stories high. Climbing the stork tower, overlooking the majestic Zhongtiao Mountain and overlooking the mighty Yellow River, is a famous scenic spot in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, many literati wrote poems here. Unfortunately, the pavilion was flooded after the Song Dynasty. What we can see today is just some poems chanting stork pavilion. Wang Zhihuan's "The Stork" is the best work to describe the scenery of storks. The poem is written like this: "The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. "

There are only four sentences and twenty crosses in the whole poem. The language is simple and plain, and there are no allusions and strange words, but the content is endless. In the first two sentences, the poet painted a magnificent picture of mountains and rivers and sunset in Wang Yang. The cross is full of weather. Beyond the cross, we can imagine that the sunset glow reflects the lofty pavilions, the broad minds of people who boarded the pavilions, and the prosperous scene in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, all this is not what you see and feel on the top of the building. The last two sentences not only show the enterprising spirit of the poet, but also reveal the profound philosophy of life, giving people unlimited thinking and association. Dengque Lake is not only a beautiful landscape poem, but also a thought-provoking philosophical poem. Its content is meaningful, and people can't help admiring the poet's profound artistic attainments. The charm of this poem that has been handed down through the ages is also here.

Both Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi suffered from eye diseases and foot diseases in their later years, which made it inconvenient to study and move. From this point of view, they are in the same boat. In the face of such a late scene, Bai Juyi had a negative and pessimistic mood, and wrote a song "Farewell the Old and Give Dreams" to Liu Yuxi: "You are as old as a gentleman, so ask yourself what is old? At night, if your eyes are dry and your head is not combed properly, lie down first. Sometimes when the crutches come out, they stay indoors all day. Don't read small print books if you are too lazy to get a new mirror. Feelings for old friends are heavy, and traces of * * * teenagers are rare. Just gossip, there is still room for meeting. "

4. Liu Yuxi: "People who don't care about the old, who is pitiful when they are old? The thin body is frequently reduced, and the thin hat is biased. Waste books cherish eyes, and moxibustion is even older. Classics are still familiar things, and people are like reading Sichuan. It's lucky to think about it carefully, but it will succeed next time. Mo Dao Sang Yu is late, because the sky is still full of clouds. "

The first part is divided into two sentences: "No matter who is old, who is old and has compassion?" It means: people who don't care are not afraid of being old. Who will pity you when you are old? The next four sentences: "The body is thin and frequently reduced, and the hair is thin and the hat is biased. Waste books cherish the eyes, and more moxibustion follows the years. " It means: when the body is thin, the belt is often tightened, and when the hair is sparse, the hat is automatically skewed. In order to take care of your eyes, you should abandon your books and not read them, and often ask a doctor to adjust your treatment in order to prolong your life. This part inherits Bai Juyi's original poems, expresses his response to Bai Juyi's thoughts and feelings of "praising the old", and shows that there is quite a consistent view on "the old". It is extremely kind to read.

The meaning of the last six poems has undergone a great turning point, and poetry has mushroomed. "The familiar things, people like reading sichuan. It's lucky to think about it carefully, but it will succeed next time. Mo Dao Sang Yu is late, because the sky is still full of clouds. " The first two sentences, "when you are old, you are familiar, and you can read people like a river", which means that you have experienced a lot of things when you are old, and your understanding is profound and thorough. You can see people like mountains and rivers at a glance, and you have a profound insight. The next two sentences, "Deep thinking is luck, deep thinking is nature, which condenses the essence of life"; Comprehensive understanding, full of a correct thinking; Affectionate, expressing the poet's true love and sincere encouragement to his old friend. The last two sentences, "Don't say that Sang Yu is late, because it is still full of sky." Sang Yu is a metaphor for sunset. That is to say: Don't say that it is very late in Sang Yu on Sunday, and the sunset glow can still shine all over the sky. Here, the poet expresses an open-minded, optimistic and positive attitude towards life with a charming and affectionate metaphor.

5, the ancients learned nothing, suitable for all ages. What you get on paper is so shallow that you never know what you have to do.

This poem means that the ancients spared no effort in learning. Fight for it all your life, often when you are young, you will succeed when you are old. The knowledge gained from books is superficial after all, and it is impossible to understand the true meaning of knowledge. To truly understand the profound truth in books, you must practice it yourself.

Appreciation: This is a godson poem. Yuzi, the poet's youngest son, wants to tell his son the truth of learning. The first sentence is a compliment to the hard-working spirit of the ancients. "Heritage" means to keep. "Not working hard" means doing your best without reservation. The second sentence is about the difficulty of learning. Only by starting from teenagers, forming good habits and laying a good foundation, and after decades of hard work, can we finally achieve something. Otherwise, it can only be "young people don't work hard, and the boss is sad." This is to warn my son with the spirit of hard work and the arduousness of learning: learning must have the spirit of perseverance and perseverance. In the last two sentences, the poet further pointed out the importance of practical experience. "From paper" refers to book knowledge. "Never know about it" is to really catch the inside story. "Practice" means personal practice. It is important to study persistently, but it is not enough, because it is only book knowledge and a summary of previous practical experience, and whether it conforms to the situation here and now remains to be tested by practice. A person who has both book knowledge and practical experience is truly learned.

This poem wins by thought and philosophy, and lets us learn from rational speculation.

To annotate ...

Show: teaching;

(Yu): Lu You's youngest son;

Legacy: reservation

Shallow: shallow, shallow;

Know nothing: make it clear completely;

Practice: Practice in person.

6. In Chinese classical poetry, pastoral poetry is deeply loved by people for its fresh and lively style and carefree taste, and "shepherd boy" is a common image in pastoral poetry, especially in Song poetry. In the Song Dynasty, the "shepherd boy" almost became the "God of Freedom" in the ideals of reclusive literati and frustrated bureaucrats. Strolling along the beach, I picked up a few quatrains from the Song Dynasty's "The Shepherd Boy" and enjoyed them together, offering a feast for readers: riding an ox over a thousand villages, playing a flute with a slanting wind. How many Chang 'an fame and fortune guests, organ failure is not as good as jun.

Huang Tingjian's "The Shepherd Boy" is an interesting poem, which fully embodies the characteristics of much discussion in the Song Dynasty. The first two sentences are about the shepherd boy: riding an ox and walking slowly through the former village; Playing the flute, floating in the field with the wind. Riding an ox and playing the flute vividly show the free and easy image and carefree appearance of a shepherd boy; At the same time, the poet put the shepherd boy on the background of "village" and "dragon", which made the picture open and clean, and it was rich in "wild" flavor, appealing to both refined and popular tastes. The last two comments: there are more mediocre people in officialdom who are vying for fame and gain, so it is not as happy as a shepherd boy. The poet thought of "fame and wealth Chang 'an" from the leisurely life of a shepherd, and compared the two, praised himself, from which we can also see the poet's attitude of being aloof from the world and not colluding with Shu Ren.

7. Only one eye must be independent, and all the art gardens are orpiment. When dwarves go to the theater, they always chat with others.

There are different opinions in art gardens, including good and bad, right and wrong, different shades, and sometimes the views on the same issue are varied. What is needed at this time is a unique vision, with its own perspective and viewpoint.

If your knowledge level is low, it's like a dwarf watching a play. You can't see anything, you don't have a clear idea about the quality of the play, you just agree. Explain that you should have your own opinions when commenting on things, and don't follow suit.

8. Translate poetry

A terrible storm blew in Zhongshan, and millions of soldiers crossed the Yangtze River.

Nanjing, which is located in the tiger's position, is better today than yesterday, and I am also generous when it is turned upside down.

More importantly, we should encourage Yu Yong to catch up with the enemy at the end of the road, and never follow the example of the king of Chu.

Heaven is born with love, then it is old, and the right path on earth turns the sea into a mulberry field.

Make an appreciative comment

When the time came1April, 949, when the author wrote "Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army Occupied Nanjing", the Kuomintang army was losing ground like a pauper. The situation at that time was that the People's Liberation Army had successively achieved brilliant results in the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Ping Jin, and liberated more than half of China and Chen Bing, north of the Yangtze River. At this time, under the guise of "peace talks", the Kuomintang government tried to survive and revive the defeated army to fight back. At the most critical moment of the China Revolution, Mao Zedong was far-sighted, and on New Year's Day 1949, he issued a decisive battle slogan and general mobilization to the whole army, the whole party and the people of the whole country. On April 2 1 day, the second and third field armies of the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River in three ways from Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province in the west to Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province in the east, with a view to destroying Chiang Kai-shek's self-righteous defense of thousands of miles of solid rivers in one fell swoop and moving forward with the mighty spirit of "sweeping the army like a seat" praised by Chairman Mao in his early years. On April 23rd, Enemy at the Gates, the People's Liberation Army, captured Nanking, the capital of the Kuomintang. Chairman Mao is planning the birth of a new China in Xiangshan at this time, because in half a year, the people of China will be born. Chairman Mao was so excited and full of thoughts that he wrote this poem. The Central Military Commission also sent telegrams to the front to encourage the fighting spirit of the soldiers of the three armed forces.

This is an earth-shattering moment. The poet wrote this earth-shattering poem, which is not only an epic structure, but also contains profound philosophy. The first four sentences are written about facts, while the last four sentences are all about discussion, advancing from near to far, reaching a sacred artistic conception-vicissitudes.

The first two sentences, from the beginning, make people feel that the poet's weather is extraordinary. The bleak Zhongshan is caught in the wind and rain. The poet's millions of heroes are crossing the river. Although the poet didn't cross the river himself, it made people feel that there was his heroic illusion on the river. His army is drowning the Yangtze River, forcing the defeated army to breathe. The word "Guo" here is powerful, and it can be described as a master of using verbs (as I said earlier, Chairman Mao is the best at using verbs, and his wonderful use of verbs has made inestimable contributions to the development of China language).

Then, with a magnificent victory pattern, it is pointed out that the geographical features of Nanjing have been completely transformed and will definitely surpass the previous landscape. In the face of this scene and the upside-down situation, the poet can't help but be generous. "Generosity" uses two sentences from Cao Cao's "Short Songs", while Chairman Mao's "generosity and unforgettable" has two meanings, one is full of joy in the face of victory, and the other is between joy and hard-won feelings for victory.

Five or six sentences are the core of the poem, telling the whole army and the whole party to annihilate the enemy in one fell swoop with the spirit of fighting Reservoir Dogs. The first words "one" and "no" at the beginning of these two sentences are well used. The ancient meaning of "Yi" is smooth and connected from top to bottom. If you use the word "English", it is not good-looking, and the meaning is thin and plain, although the meaning is the same; The word "no" is firm and decisive, with the voice of final decision.

The last two lines have far-reaching artistic conception, but the words of the ancients (that is, Li He's Poems on Immortals in the History of Han Dynasty, Gold and Copper) are innovative. Its essence is that the sky won't be sentimental, of course it won't be old, and it will definitely stand on the side of the poet. The poet's grand pattern today dares to challenge the "sky", but the sky won't stand on the side of the reactionaries, so it is logical that our army will sweep China. So, there are almost four words: "the right way on earth" has arrived, and it is only natural that things change. Indeed, the new China was established this year 10 1.

9. Thrushcross Ouyang Xiu

The cries of thousands of birds echo their own hearts, and thousands of purple flowers on the mountain are on the height of trees. Only then did I understand that listening to the cry of the thrush locked in a golden cage is far less than singing leisurely in the forest.

[Notes]

Free action: fly freely in the Woods.

② Tree height: high or low in the forest.

③ Golden birdcage: a birdcage inlaid with gold.

[explanation]

When I came to the Woods, I saw blackbirds flying freely on the branches full of red, purple and purple mountain flowers, and heard them singing happily on the high and low treetops. He couldn't help feeling that if they were locked up, even in golden cages, they wouldn't sing such beautiful songs. Because freedom is the premise of a happy life. Birds are like this, aren't people like this?

Only then did I know that it is far better to keep a thrush in a golden cage and listen to its crow than to let it sing freely in the Woods.

[Appreciation] This article expresses the mind by chanting thrush, and the poem is entitled "Tongue of Bai Wen in County Zhai". Thrush and tongue are euphemistic songbirds. The poet also wrote in the poem "Birds Singing" that "it's beautiful to sleep in the south window, and the tongue doesn't dawn to urge the morning. The oriole is lovely in color and dumb as a baby. " This shows his appreciation of "free singing in the forest". Through the comparison with "locked in a golden cage", we can see the poet's psychology of breaking free and yearning for freedom. The poet used to be an official in the DPRK, but later he was implicated in the party struggle and was demoted to know the prefecture and magistrate. These two sentences are probably suppressed.

Use the method of contrast: the first two sentences (write freely and freely loud thrush) are compared with the last two sentences (write a thrush trapped in a cage and losing his freedom).

10、

Zhenbanqiao

Yazhai lay listening to Little Zhu Xiao, suspecting that it was the voice of the people's sufferings. Some small collectors in Caozhou County always care about their feelings.

This language comes from Zheng Banqiao's Painting Bamboo in Weixian County. Interpretation is: lying in the study of the yamen, listening to the rustling of bamboo leaves, I always feel that it is the cry of the hungry and cold people. In counties, like us humble officials, every little thing among the people always affects their feelings like painting every flower.

1 1. Under the original Shiling, the mountain was like a waterfall, and people climbed the mountain to compete for greatness. Looking back, he was still tall when my feet were high!

L, which means rising. When the author describes himself climbing a mountain, he only thinks that the mountain is undulating, as if it were not very high. When he climbed high and looked back at the mountain, he realized that when his feet stood high, the mountain was higher than himself. People who like to climb mountains will find that it is not always possible to see towering peaks when looking at distant mountains from a low place. Only by climbing high can you find their greatness and greatness. Yan Yuan praised Confucius: "The higher you climb, the stronger you drill." It is also for this reason that these two poems of Yang Wanli can be used to describe a person's profound knowledge; It can also be used to indicate that learning itself is endless.

12. If Su Shi said there was a piano sound, why didn't he put it in the box? If the piano sounds from your hands, why can't you hear the sound?

Make an appreciative comment

This is actually a profound philosophical problem, because in Buddhism's view, everything is caused by karma and combination, and things exist only because of their connection. "For example, the harp, the harp and the pipa, although there are wonderful sounds, have no wonderful fingers." -This poem by Su Shi is simply the visualization of this passage.

Explain that this poem tells the truth of playing the piano: the production of a piece of music can not be completed by a piano, nor by fingers, but also by people's thoughts, feelings and technical proficiency. Piano is not difficult to master, everyone has fingers. However, due to the great differences in people's thoughts, feelings and playing techniques, whether the music played is pleasing to the ear is also very different. Two questions are used in the poem to arouse readers' thinking. In fact, this is a complex aesthetic problem: the subjective and objective relationship that produces artistic beauty. Du Fu's "Drama as Six quatrains" 13,

Yu Xin's articles were more mature in his later years, and his pen was superb and vigorous, like a tide, with ease.

Today's people scoff at the spread of Fu, but they don't feel that the former sages are afraid of future generations.

"Lu" and "Lu" are the highest achievements of their creation under the conditions of that time.

After the life of your generation has all turned to dust, nothing will hurt the torrent flowing to the endless river.

Even if "Lu Wang's calligraphy is not as coquettish as Han Wei";

The ridges of Long Hu Wen are all controlled by the monarch. You can see Er Cao through the calendar.

Talent should be difficult to cross several men, and whoever stands out today.

Or look at the emerald orchid, the whale in the blue ocean.

You should learn to love the ancients, but you can't despise people like Yu Xin and Si Jie, and ask them to be consistent in love and words.

If you want to catch up with Qu Yuan and Song Yu in your heart, you must have the spirit and ability to keep pace with them, otherwise, they will follow in the footsteps of the lost source and frivolous in the Qi and Liang Dynasties.

Don't doubt if you don't reach the sage. Who was the first to hand over the ancestors?

Distinguish the poems in the book that are not well-formed, cut them out, learn the traditional elegance of the Book of Songs, and learn that the wise move forward, and the more teachers there are, this is your real teacher.