1947 China People's Liberation Army
At the beginning of 1947, Chiang Kai-shek took multiple measures to gradually close the channels of peace talks:
65438+ 10 30, the Kuomintang unilaterally announced the dissolution of the Beiping military mediation executive body. From February 2 1 day to February 28, the central staff were forced to leave Beiping, and Xinhua Daily was closed down. In late February, the Kuomintang rallied heavily and began to attack the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia and Shandong liberated areas. On March 7-8, China employees in Nanjing and Chongqing were forced to leave.
American Marshall mediation failed.
At this point, the relationship between China and * * * has completely broken down, which also marks that the civil war between China and * * * has entered a more intense confrontation stage. 1947 In March, the Kuomintang concentrated 34 brigades with nearly 250,000 troops, with Hu Zongnan as the commander in chief, and began to attack Yan 'an, while the Northwest People's Liberation Army, which was responsible for fighting, had only 6 brigades with more than 26,000 people.
At the beginning of March, it was learned that the Kuomintang was massing heavily and preparing to attack Yan' an, and various field armies requested support from Yan' an. However, considering that the Kuomintang troops approaching Yan' an were all Chiang Kai-shek's clique, and they were all equipped with American equipment and modern means of transportation, the central government decided to give up Yan' an on its own initiative and destroy the enemy in the movement.
Kuomintang attacked Yan 'an.
/kloc-in March of 0/6, in order to improve the efficiency of operational command, the central government decided that General Peng would be responsible for the direct operational command of the Northwest People's Liberation Army. On March 19, after six days of fierce fighting, the task of covering the central transfer was successfully completed, and the Northwest People's Liberation Army voluntarily withdrew from Yan 'an.
Kuomintang occupied Yan 'an.
On March 29th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entered Zaolingou Village, Qingjian County, northern Shaanxi Province, and formulated the next action plan of the central government. The meeting decided:
We must persist in developing the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and the Northwest Liberated Area. The CPC Central Committee and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army must stay in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. The five secretaries of the Secretariat cannot be concentrated in northern Shaanxi, and they must divide their work and disperse their work.
Northwest field army
This meeting not only ensured strong leadership, but also ensured the continuity of policies. At the same time, the Northwest People's Liberation Army made use of the features of criss-crossing ravines and dangerous terrain in northern Shaanxi to formulate "mushroom tactics", which was like a duck to water and achieved fruitful results.
1On March 25th, 947, in the battle of Qinghuabian, the Kuomintang 3 1 brigade headquarters and the 92nd regiment were completely annihilated, with more than 2,900 people. 14 April, the battle of Yangmahe annihilated the Kuomintang 135 brigade, with more than 4,700 people.
Yangmahe campaign
At the beginning of May, during the Panlong Campaign, more than 6,700 Kuomintang Panlong defenders were wiped out by the whole army. In mid-August, Shajiadian Campaign wiped out the 36th Division HQ and two brigades reorganized by Hu Zongnan, with a total of more than 6,000 people. At this point, the war situation in northern Shaanxi was completely reversed, and the Kuomintang's key offensive in northern Shaanxi was completely defeated. On April 22nd 1948, Yan 'an was successfully recovered.
Yan'an
The key attack target of the Kuomintang is the Shandong liberated area. The Kuomintang assembled more than 450,000 people in 24 reorganization divisions, taking Gu as the commander of the national army and the army. Under the command of Su Yu, Tan Zhenlin and others, the East China Field Army won the battles of Laiwu and Menglianggu, crushing the enemy's key attacks.
1in late February, 947, 56,000 people in Li Guojun were wiped out in the battle of Laiwu. In mid-May, at the Battle of Meng Lianggu, the national army of the Republic of China reorganized 32,000 men from the 74th Division and killed Zhang. At the beginning of July, the Kuomintang failed to attack Shandong.
East China field army
While the soldiers and civilians in northern Shaanxi and Shandong fought against the key attacks of the Kuomintang, the people's armies in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Chaji and Northeast China also launched partial counterattacks against the Kuomintang troops.
1947 From March to May, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army launched an offensive in northern Henan and an offensive in southern Shanxi, destroying 55,000 enemies. From April to June, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Field Army launched operations such as the Battle of Zheng Tai and wiped out 56,000 enemy troops. From May to July, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces launched a summer offensive, wiped out 83,000 enemies and liberated 42 cities.
Northeast democratic Coalition forces
These actions effectively cooperated and coordinated the resistance actions of the People's Liberation Army in northern Shaanxi and Shandong. By July 1947, the war situation had changed a lot.
The total strength of the national army dropped sharply from 4.3 million to 3.73 million, of which the regular army dropped from 2 million to 6.5438+0.5 million. The PLA's total strength increased from 6,543,800+0,270 to 6,543,800+0,950, of which the number of field troops increased from 6,654,380+0,000 to more than 6,543,800. The reform of the land system has been widely implemented in the liberated areas, and farmers are enthusiastic about joining the army, and the potential soldiers far exceed the Kuomintang.
Land system reform
In just half a year, the war situation has changed greatly in a favorable direction. At the same time, the people in the Kuomintang-controlled areas also set off a huge patriotic and democratic movement.
1947 In May, the Nanjing Constitutional Police brutally suppressed students, which led to the "May 20 Incident" and the "anti-hunger, anti-civil war and anti-persecution" movements broke out in more than 60 large and medium-sized cities across the country. The resistance struggle of people from all walks of life has brought a heavy blow to the Kuomintang government.
The campaign against hunger, civil war and persecution
On May 5th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China asked the Party organizations in Kuomintang-controlled areas to put forward slogans such as confiscating bureaucratic capital and changing the land system by means of going straight and circuitous, centralization and decentralization, so as to lead the people's movement to go deeper. 1In July, 947, Chiang Kai-shek attempted to push the war forward to the Liberated Areas, further undermining the production development of the Liberated Areas. At this time, the central government decided decisively to immediately launch a nationwide counterattack and force the enemy to turn to strategic defense. The strategic deployment is mainly "the cooperation of the three armed forces and the containment of the two wings."
Advance into Dabie Mountain
Cooperation among the three armed forces: that is, the three armed forces form a zigzag formation and fight together to destroy the enemy and strive to create a new liberated area in the Central Plains.
The Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army (Liu Dengjun) marched thousands of miles into Dabie Mountain with the middle road as the main force. The main force of the East China Field Army under the command of Su Yu is East Road, attacking Sulu, Henan and Anhui regions; The Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army (Taiyue Corps) under the command of Chen Geng took the west road and advanced into western Henan.
Operational situation map of advancing into Dabie Mountain
Two-wing containment: namely, the Northwest Field Army and the Shandong Corps organized regional counterattacks at the same time, and cooperated with the Liu Deng Army to advance into the Dabie Mountains.
The northwest field army attacked Yulin to attract the enemy of northern Shaanxi; Shandong Corps launched an offensive in Jiaodong to contain the enemy in Shandong. This is the famous strategic decision to "leap thousands of miles to Dabie Mountain". After four months of fierce fighting, the People's Liberation Army wiped out 195000 enemy troops and liberated more than 100 county towns, completely disrupting Chiang Kai-shek's military deployment. 10 June10, the PLA headquarters publicly put forward the slogan "Down with Chiang Kai-shek and liberate all China". At the same time, the "Three Disciplines and Eight Notices" were re-promulgated.
three discipline eight attention
From the beginning of February to the end of February, 65438, the "December Meeting" was held in Yangjiagou, Mizhi County, northern Shaanxi. The meeting decided to study:
Militarily, ten military principles have been put forward comprehensively and accurately. Economically, the three major economic programs of new democracy have been clearly announced; Politically, the basic political program of establishing a democratic Coalition government was reiterated.
December meeting
At this point, after a year of struggle in military, political and economic fields from 65438 to 0947, the balance of power between China and the United States has undergone fundamental changes, which also laid the foundation for the strategic showdown of the three major battles from 65438 to 0948. At the same time, these changes in 1947 made the Kuomintang gradually passive in the political, military, economic and other fields, especially completely lost the hearts of a few people, and gradually contributed to the complete collapse of the Kuomintang government.