Keshan County was transferred to Heilongjiang Province from 65438 to 0947. From September of that year to 65438+February, Keshan County launched the campaign of "sharing land equally". It was also at this time that 24-year-old Mao Anqing (alias Yang Yongshou) came to Keshan County from Harbin. His main job is to do some propaganda work for the land reform policy.
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Mao Anqing is the second son of Mao Zedong and his first wife Yang Kaihui. 1930165438+1October 14. After his mother Yang Kaihui was arrested and killed by Hunan warlord He Jian, Mao Anqing and his younger brother Mao were released on bail pending trial. After many twists and turns, Mao Anqing and his younger brother Mao Anying lived on the streets.
193 1 Around the Spring Festival, underground party organizations found Mao and Mao Anqing. Under the arrangement of my uncle Mao Zemin, my grandmother secretly sent Mao Anqing, his brother Mao and his brother Mao Anlong to Shanghai Jinxi and my aunt Li Chongde, and arranged by my underground party to adopt the orphans of revolutionary martyrs and the children of China leaders in Datong Kindergarten, alias Yang Yongshou. Soon, my younger brother Mao Anlong died in Shanghai Guangci Hospital.
Due to the traitor's betrayal, the Shanghai underground party was severely damaged at that time, and the children in Mao Anqing kindergarten were evacuated urgently. Mao Anqing's two brothers were placed in Dong Jianwu's house in underground party member, and the party organization subsidized the living expenses on a monthly basis. Later, forced by the situation at that time, Mao Anqing and his two brothers began to wander around, living in a ruined temple and making a living by selling newspapers. They often push carts in the street and are humiliated. Once, after learning the news that his uncle Mao Zetan was killed, Mao Anqing angrily wrote the slogan "Down with imperialism" in the street, and was concussed by a foreign policeman, leaving a lifelong pain.
1936, the underground party organization found Mao Anqing and his brother Mao who had been wandering in the ruined temple for five years. At the beginning of the following year, under the arrangement of the underground party, Mao Anqing and his younger brother Mao Anying were sent to the Second International Children's Home in Moninho, a suburb of Moscow, by Du Li, a subordinate of Zhang Xueliang. This is an international Children's Home operated by * * * Production International. It is a nursery specially set up for the children of leaders of production parties in various countries or famous international activists. The educational system is 65,438+00 years. At this point, Mao Anqing still alias "Yang Yongshou", Russian name is "Guo Liang". 1945 In September, Mao Anqing was admitted to Moscow Oriental Language Institute.
1947 In May, Mao Anqing and He Zizhen (his name was He Zizhen's mother He), who had taken care of him in the Soviet Union, came back from the Soviet Union and came to Harbin to be with Li Fuchun and Cai Chang, leaders of the Northeast Bureau. Here, he applied for it himself. After Li Fuchun and Cai Chang introduced him, Mao Anqing gloriously joined the Party. Soon, He Zizhen heard that Keshan County was carrying out a pilot land reform, and felt that Mao Anqing had drifted since childhood and was unfamiliar with rural China, so he should take this opportunity to exercise. Actually, Mao Anqing had the idea of going to the countryside for exercise, and as soon as his mother said it, he immediately agreed.
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Mao Anqing had just returned from the Soviet Union and was not fluent in reading and writing Chinese. He speaks Russian from time to time and also writes in Russian. I'm not used to eating. I used to eat bread and milk in the Soviet Union, but I could only eat rice and tortillas in the northeast. The dishes were sauerkraut and frozen tofu. Mao Anqing can't even use chopsticks, so he grabs a bite of rice with his hand. Han Yu, then the organization minister of Keshan County Committee, discovered this situation and taught him to use chopsticks. Wu Jishui, a member of the task force who is similar to Mao Anqing's age, left the biscuits that she worked overtime in the countryside for Mao Anqing to eat.
Mao Anqing gradually got used to the same pot of rice, using chopsticks. He once lived on the kang of a farmer's hometown and tried to speak Mandarin with a Hunan accent. To carry out land reform, it is often necessary to go from village to village, and sometimes the distance between villages is far away, so it is necessary to ride horses. At that time, the transportation led by the county was a horse, so Han Yu gave Mao Anqing the horse of the Guard Liu Zhilian. Because Mao Anqing couldn't ride a horse and didn't fall less at first, it took Liu a long time to learn it.
Mao Anqing (left) and Mao Anying.
The weather soon turned cold. In order to blend in with the farmers, Mao Anqing asked to change the cotton military uniform he was wearing into ordinary people's thick cotton-padded jackets, which looked like local farmers. Keshan has a high latitude and the snow comes early. 10 ended, with heavy snow falling underground. On this day, there was a "heavy pipe" blowing on the ground (the bad weather of snowstorm), the temperature was MINUS 30 degrees, and my hands and feet were like being bitten by a cat. Comrade Liu Zhilian, the guards of Mao Anqing, Wu Jishui and Han Yu, rode a horse and a sledge to Gu Gu's shop. Mao Anqing, Wu Jishui and Liu's guards were sitting on the horse sledge, and their dogskin hats were covered with frost. But Mao Anqing was not afraid of the cold, and asked Wu Jishui cheerfully about the land reform work along the way.
Wu Jishui briefed Mao Anqing on the progress of local land reform: "Comrade Yang, the struggle situation in Gujiadiantun is extremely complicated. Bandits used to haunt here and often harassed the people. " Having said that, Wu Jishui asked: "The struggle here is so complicated. Are you afraid of land reform here? " Mao Anqing immediately replied: "No, the past struggles are the same!" Wu Jishui asked him what he did before he came here. Mao Anqing told Wu Jishui that he studied at Moscow University before coming here and returned to China after graduation. Wu Jishui asked his parents what they do. Mao Anqing told Wu Jishui that his mother was killed by the enemy for the revolution. At that time, Wu Jishui did not know that Comrade Yang's mother was a revolutionary martyr, Comrade Yang Kaihui.
Mao Anqing likes riding a horse and climbing a plow in the snow. Once riding a sledge, he ran and ran. Suddenly, everyone found that Mao Anqing had disappeared, so they stopped and went back to look for him. As a result, they saw him sitting in the snow laughing at everyone. Sometimes it's too cold, and if you sit on the plow for a long time, your feet will freeze, and people will come down and follow the plow. Jin of the land reform team once found Mao Anqing limping. It turned out that there was a big blood bubble on his foot, which was very painful. Kim put a hair on the needle and asked Mao Anqing to plunge the needle into a blood bubble and drag it back and forth. After the blood in the bubble was released, my feet stopped hurting in a few days.
Soon, Mao Anqing became familiar with Keshan and devoted himself to the land reform movement. 1February 25, 947 to1February 6, 948, Keshan county launched the people's land clearing movement. At that time, a pilot project was carried out in Henan and Binhe Township, and a county-wide meeting of rural cadres was held. At this meeting, the county working Committee reviewed the problems such as "lack of mass views" and "arranged substitution" in the above land reform work. The poor peasants have the final say in this movement, digging up treasures and floating production, breaking the boundaries between townships, districts and counties, and making the struggle white-hot. Because of the one-sided emphasis on "free mobilization of the masses" in the movement, poor peasants and farm labourers have the final say, and there has been a "Left" deviation, which has expanded the scope of attack and wrongly hit the middle peasants. At the worst time, 16 landlords committed suicide one day.
Mao Anqing learned the above situation at the grassroots level, and reported to the county that it was wrong, but it did not attract the attention of the leaders of the county party committee. So, Mao Anqing reported to the provincial party committee, and the provincial party committee quickly sent a working group to Keshan to correct it. During the period of 1948, the provincial party Committee issued a document to correct several problems in land reform, including the problem of "the expansion of land reform struggle" Taking this as a warning, Dongbei Bureau immediately promoted the practice of correcting and preventing the expansion of the land reform struggle in Keshan County of Northeast China, and later extended this experience to the whole country. Therefore, Keshan county's practice of correcting and preventing the expansion of the land reform struggle has become a national model.
After the land reform, Mao Anqing continued to work in Keshan for five months, during which Mao Anqing lived and worked with farmers in Henan Township, Keshan County. Mao Anqing found that more than 30,000 farmers in Keshan County went their own way, among which only 1 1% farmers had farm animals and farm tools, which could be produced independently, while most farmers lacked labor, farm animals and farm tools. The situation in Sun Jia District (now the development town) is even worse. There are only 25 horses in 6000 mu of cultivated land in Minsheng Village, and only 16 horses in 5640 mu of cultivated land in Sizhu Village.
Therefore, combined with the experience of collective farms in the former Soviet Union, Mao Anqing organized farmers to solve the above problems through cooperation and mutual assistance, explained the practices and effects of collective farms in the former Soviet Union to farmers, and proposed that rural areas should take the road of agricultural mechanization and mutual assistance and cooperation. Mao Anqing was very involved in his speech. He once gave a speech at Keshan Middle School. Speaking of the Soviet Union, he couldn't help standing up from his seat and shouting loudly in Russian, which made everyone burst into laughter. He was also embarrassed after he reacted.
Life photos of Mao Anqing
Mao Anqing also wrote "Folk Songs of Land Reform" and "Folk Songs of Mutual Aid Groups" for publicity and launch. "Land reform folk songs" are:
The poor turn over and can't throw the ground; Turning over and throwing the floor, the landlord smiled.
Make concerted efforts to turn loess into gold; The crops are ready, turn them over again.
"Folk songs of mutual aid groups" are:
People who cooperate with shovels are not sleepy, and lazy people are also energetic.
One person shovels a line, and many people shovel a large area.
Thanks to Mao Anqing's active propaganda, rural mutual assistance has developed rapidly. There were only three or five temporary support groups at first, and then there were fixed large support groups in spring, summer and autumn. During this period, Mao Anqing accompanied the group, preached in the fields during the day, lived in the homes of ordinary people at night, and worked for more than ten hours a day. The masses praised the * * * production party for its dedication to the people. In the summary of agricultural production in Heilongjiang Province, the provincial party committee and the provincial government fully affirmed the method of Keshan County Committee to fully arrange spring ploughing production and set up mutual aid groups.
Mao Anqing was in the Soviet Union for a long time. After returning to China, his Chinese vocabulary is not rich, and he speaks with a Hunan accent. For example, he pronounced his brother "Guoguo" and his father "Huqin". In order to pronounce correctly, Mao Anqing studied hard and humbly asked his comrades. His Chinese characters are not good either, so let the well-written comrades write a model essay for him and practice it by themselves. Soon, Mao Anqing not only wrote well, but also copied other people's fonts. He created "Folk Songs of Land Reform" and "Folk Songs of Mutual Aid Group". Looking at the neat writing brush, the comrades were amazed.
The abacus is also strange to Mao Anqing. When we get to Keshan, we have to use abacus to divide the fields and make statistics. Mao Anqing practiced with the comrades in the task force. At first, he played slowly, so he trained so hard that he couldn't eat with such devotion. It was common to practice late into the night. After a while, Han Yu organized a abacus contest, and Mao Anqing surpassed everyone in speed and accuracy.
Mao Anqing is good at singing and dancing, and knows many musical instruments, especially flute. In order to give farmers a play at the conference, the task force set up a literary propaganda team, and Mao Anqing naturally became one of them, not only during the performance, but also during the rehearsal. Sometimes, he will adjust the atmosphere. On that occasion, the literature and art propaganda team rehearsed the chorus "Without the * * * production party, there would be no new China" and "The sky in the Liberated Area is clear". During the break, Mao Anqing took out the flute brought back from the Soviet Union and raised his head on the tip of his nose. He walked back and forth, but the flute did not move. This stunt won unanimous applause and warm applause.
1948 Before the Spring Festival, the branch committee of Keshan County deployed various units to organize condolence groups and went to hospitals and families of military martyrs to perform condolence performances. Mao Anqing also joined the Keshan Middle School Art Team with complete Chinese and Western musical instruments, singing and dancing with the players, and teaching them to sing the Soviet song Katyusha. In the condolence performance, Keshan Middle School Art Team performed programs such as White-Haired Girl, Revenge with Blood and Tears, Heroes Overcome Dadu River and The Yellow River Cantata. The literature and art propaganda team of the land reform team also performed programs such as "The sky in the liberated areas is clear" and "Without the * * * production party, there would be no new China".
Mao Anqing played a professional flute, and in the warm applause of the audience, he played several Soviet music. When everyone asked to return, Mao Anqing sang "Night on the outskirts of Moscow" in Russian and won applause again.
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After the Spring Festival, Han Yu took Mao Anqing to Jianguo Village, an ancient city, to participate in the review and rectification of land reform. There is a sharp contradiction in land division in this village, and there has been a wounding incident. Han Yu and Mao Anqing analyzed specific events and jointly corrected the mistakes in the process of land reform. When Mao Anqing gave a meeting to the villagers, he talked about collective farms and agricultural mechanization in the Soviet Union in order to guide everyone to take the road of mutual assistance and cooperation. Those vivid examples fascinate everyone.
Mao Anqing did as he said. He helped farmers' mutual aid groups to change jobs, make production plans, solve problems such as animal power, farm tools and seeds, and sow with farmers in the spring. He put on cymbals (handmade animal shoes) and was responsible for "stepping on the grid" (stepping on seeds buried in the soil). During his work, Mao Anqing chatted with everyone and told them stories, which made him very happy.
After the land reform, Keshan was full of vitality. Seeing the seeds of a bumper harvest sown on the endless black land, all the farmers who turned over were happy. 1one day in may, 948, Wang Heshou, secretary of the provincial party Committee, came to Keshan county to inspect the work and said to Mao Anqing, "Comrade Yang Yongshou, your task has been successfully completed. You can go back." Mao Anqing said happily: "We farmers will never be exploited again!"
The next day, I went to Keshan Railway Station to see Mao Anqing off with Zhang Tongzhou, Han Yu, Jin and other comrades of the Standing Committee of the county party committee and the task force. To drive, Wang Heshou held Mao Anqing's hand and said, "Go back and say hello to me!" The players are puzzled: where did Yang Yongshou go back and who should he say hello to?
Family photo: Mao Anqing, Mao Xinyu and Shao Hua.
From left to right: Mao Anqing, Zhang Shaolin, Mao Zedong, Liu Songlin, Shao Hua and Yang Maozhi (photo taken at 1962 Zhongnanhai residence).
The train for Harbin started, and Mao Anqing waved goodbye to the tourists in the window. As the train drifted away, Han Yu told everyone that "Yang Yongshou" was none other than Mao Anqing, the second son of President Mao Zedong, and his mother was a revolutionary martyr Yang Kaihui.