He was a famous materialist philosopher in the Middle Ages, 156 1 1 22, and was born in a noble family in England. As soon as he graduated from Cambridge University, he worked as a British ambassador, and later successfully served as a member of parliament, minister in charge of seals and chief justice, and was made a viscount. He was very interested in philosophy, and resigned in his later years, specializing in philosophy and science.
He compared scholasticism to idols, and thought that in order to acquire real knowledge, we must break idols, observe and study nature directly, and get a correct understanding through experiments and scientific induction.
Extended data:
Bacon's greatest contribution to philosophy is that he put forward a series of principles of materialist empiricism; Formulated a systematic inductive logic, emphasizing the role of experiments in understanding. Marx and Engels called Bacon "the first founder of British materialism"; It is "the true ancestor of the whole experimental science" and a scientific summary of Bacon's philosophical characteristics.
Bacon believes that the world is an objective existence independent of human will, and human knowledge (knowledge) can only be obtained from the objective outside world through perceptual experience. He said: "Man is a servant and interpreter of nature, so all he can do and understand is what he sees about the facts and thoughts of natural processes."
In his view, the authenticity of knowledge is consistent with the authenticity of existence. "The difference between them is only direct light and reflected light", which is a quite thorough materialist reflection theory.
It is worth noting that although Bacon emphasized the importance of perceptual experience to people's understanding, he did not absolutize it. He only emphasized that the senses are a necessary channel for people to know the outside world, but he did not say that all the knowledge gained through the senses is correct, let alone that this knowledge is all knowledge.
On the contrary, he believes that the senses themselves are limited. For example, the senses may not be able to clearly understand objects that are not too exposed, too small or too far away in space, so he said: "It is a big mistake to draw the conclusion that the senses are the measure of everything." This passage is aimed at the proposition that "man is the measure of all things" put forward by the ancient Greek philosopher protagoras.
Thus, Bacon is indeed a profound philosopher. In the past, we often had a misunderstanding that Bacon only emphasized perceptual knowledge and completely ignored rational knowledge. That was not the case.
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