From the above analysis of the connotation of gentleman's personality, we can know that gentleman's personality is the unity of internal cultivation and external, and it is a personality realm that pursues the unity of knowing and doing. This unified personality realm of knowing feelings and meaning has guiding significance for shaping the sound personality of teenagers in today's 2 1 century. However, the education of gentleman's personality is not achieved overnight, and students need to be educated and cultivated for a long time. In addition to absorbing gentleman's personality, it is more important for us to learn from the ways and means of cultivating gentleman's personality. Confucius tried to train his disciples into gentlemen. He not only teaches them all kinds of knowledge, but also strictly demands their words and deeds. Confucius attached great importance to cultivating students' strong will and binding force, and at the same time asked students to reflect on themselves from time to time and improve themselves. Confucius is a teacher by example, and his great example power deeply inspires his disciples to keep moving towards their ideal personality. Confucius' methods of cultivating students' gentleman personality are all methods that we still need to learn from today. Next, combined with the current situation of adolescent personality and school personality education in China, this paper analyzes how Confucius cultivated students' gentleman personality, and explores some ways and methods to cultivate students' sound personality through personality education today.
1. Moral education first
The ultimate goal of Confucius' education of students is to cultivate the ideal personality of a gentleman. The most fundamental thing for a gentleman is to learn to be a man. "The business of a gentleman is based on this." The "foundation" here is the foundation of being a man, and the "service foundation" is to learn to be a man and learn to be a kind person who "loves everyone" and "contributes to and helps the people". To this end, Confucius asked students to "be filial, be filial, be sincere and believe, and be kind to others." Learn literature if you have spare time. "Clearly advocate putting moral education in the first place. Students are required to learn how to be a man, have the character of a gentleman, and master the ability to govern the country and level the world.
Confucius' thought of educating students to perfect their personality is still of great practical significance today, which can be described as "to the point" for China's current educational situation of valuing intelligence over personality. Fully understanding the significance of "putting moral education first", deeply excavating Confucius' moral education thought of cultivating gentleman's personality, and earnestly learning and absorbing its reasonable components are of great benefit to today's students' moral education. For example, in view of the current situation of students' bad morality in schools, we must strengthen the moral construction of schools and change the educational status quo of attaching importance to wisdom and morality, emphasizing achievements and neglecting individuality. And how to strengthen school moral construction, Confucius' moral education thought also gives us profound enlightenment. For example, the moral mentality of paying attention to utility should be guided to the value track of respecting morality and emphasizing righteousness, and forgetting righteousness at the expense of profit. Guiding the subjective consciousness to the conscious moral spirit. Nowadays, students are enthusiastic, willing to think, with distinct personality characteristics and increasing subjective consciousness. Guiding students to advocate morality, consciously practice morality and strengthen their self-cultivation is the key to the success of moral education in schools. In real life, some students are very clear about what is moral and what is immoral. If they answer questionnaires or comment on others' right and wrong, they can speak clearly, but when it comes to analyzing themselves, they are confused. It can be seen that moral education cannot be effective without moral consciousness. Confucius paid special attention to people's moral practice spirit. What he said about the cultivation of the ideal personality of a gentleman and the implementation of the content of moral education are all about seeking people's hearts and moral consciousness. How to turn moral theory into moral reality so that moral content will not become a slogan is still worth learning from Confucius' educational thought. Therefore, in practice, educators should not only impart moral theory to students, but also study and analyze moral models appearing in society, stimulate students' emotions and inspire students' rationality, and at the same time, they should be accompanied by legal education, daily behavior standard management and strict discipline.
2. Be proficient in literature
People are learned, not born. Without studying, it is impossible to know how to be a man. To realize a gentleman's personality, we must work hard and study persistently. Confucius knew that in order to practice "benevolence" (the way of a gentleman) and achieve the realm of a gentleman, "see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, don't move until evil", we must first make people understand "benevolence". However, without practical learning action, it is impossible to realize his ideal personality-gentleman personality. His own self-cultivation process began with "learning". When cultivating his disciples' personality, he also asked students to be "knowledgeable in literature". Confucius' so-called learning content is very extensive, including poetry, books, rituals, music and so on. And some basic principles of dealing with people and being an official. Through the study of these contents, disciples can have a wide range of knowledge, cultivate their own ability, be sensible and keep righteousness. It can be said that "erudite in literature" is the only way to cultivate a gentleman. Confucius said, "You also, is it enough for a woman to listen to six words and six covers?" Yes, not yet. "Go home! My language girl: kindness is not easy to learn, but also stupid; If you know well and don't learn well, your cover will waver; Honesty is not easy to learn, and its cover is also a thief; Straight board is difficult to learn, and the cover is distorted; If you are brave and study hard, your cover will be messy; It's hard to learn and crazy. "The so-called" six words and six sides "is liu de's six abuses. Benevolence, knowledge, faithfulness, straightforwardness, courage and rigidity are all qualities of a gentleman, but if we don't grasp their essence and scale through study, they will have disadvantages and go to the opposite side. That is to say, if we don't study to assist the cultivation of personality, we can't really achieve good results and tend to go to the opposite side. Learning is the main way to acquire knowledge and cultivate actively, and it is also a necessary magic weapon for a gentleman's personality cultivation.
Confucius asked his disciples to be "knowledgeable in literature" and learn the method of "benevolence" through learning (the way of a gentleman). In fact, it is to cultivate students' knowledge, so that students can acquire high-level development of knowledge through learning, so as to understand the way of being a gentleman, improve their self-cultivation, improve themselves, and have correct life beliefs and life goals-to "love the people", "act for the people, and help others". The enlightenment to our personality education today is to strengthen cognitive education for students, improve their cultural quality, and enable them to form a correct outlook on life and values. The correct outlook on life and values is the spiritual power to promote the formation of a good personality and an important part of a sound personality. Modern school education pays attention to the cultivation of students' professional skills, but ignores the education of how to understand and form a correct outlook on life and values. Therefore, today's schools should learn from Confucius' methods of cultivating gentleman's personality in personality education, and let students improve their self-cultivation through various forms of "erudition" to realize correct outlook on life and values. For example, through classroom teaching, theoretical lectures, special reports and social investigations, students can correctly observe, analyze and understand objective things and social phenomena, and learn to look at life calmly, steadily and positively, understand the environment and treat life.
Step 3 be kind to yourself
Paying attention to and giving full play to students' subjectivity is the key to the success of Confucius' personality education. Personality education is the unity of reinforcement and internalization, which requires students to exert their subjectivity, because teachers' education is only an external factor affecting students, and external factors can only play a better role through students' consciousness and enthusiasm. Confucius fully realized the main role of human beings when cultivating students' gentleman personality. The so-called "a gentleman seeks himself", "for benevolence, by himself, by people?" It shows that Confucius is very concerned about the subjectivity of students. So how did Confucius establish and give full play to students' subjectivity in educational practice? Confucius summed up the following principles from the goal of cultivating a gentleman's personality and his own personal practice: first, we should aspire to "benevolence without evil", and taking benevolence as the goal means taking the way of benevolence as our ambition and strengthening our faith; Second, we should practice, emphasizing that "practice is close to benevolence". Only those who strive to practice according to moral norms can be close to benevolence. Third, introspection means self-examination of what you do every day, and continuous introspection and improvement of yourself. That is, "Seeing the sage Si Qi Yan, those who don't see the sage wake up from the inside".
Therefore, based on Confucius' subjective education view of "benevolence and self-improvement", educators should fully respect and mobilize students' subjectivity, strive to enhance students' awareness of personality construction, and let them understand that excellent personality is the result of individual initiative construction; Guide students to learn and master some effective methods and skills of self-construction, such as "I save three times a day", dissect themselves strictly, and then choose effective methods to overcome weaknesses; Instruct students to choose targeted school motto according to their own situation, encourage and urge themselves, and transform their personality; Instruct students to participate in practical activities selectively according to their own weaknesses, and improve their personality from the perspective of integration of knowledge and practice.
Be a teacher
Confucius is a practitioner of his personality ideal. He always tries his best to put forward his ideas first. While trying to cultivate his disciples into gentlemen, he also asked himself to be a gentleman. His disciples can understand the gentleman's demeanor from his words and deeds, and understand the connotation of a gentleman from his words and thoughts. Confucius said, "A scholar is the Tao, I am incompetent, a benevolent person is not worried, a knowledgeable person is not confused, and a brave person is not afraid." Zi Gong thinks that "the master is self-righteous". In his view, the pursuit of a gentleman is the teacher's expression of his behavior. Confucius' great personality charm deeply attracted his disciples, which not only became an example for them to learn, but also became their motivation to learn. Yan Yuan said, "The higher you climb, the harder you drill. Look ahead, suddenly how come back. The master coaxed me and wrote me articles, asking me to be polite and unable to stop. Now that I have exhausted my talents, if I do something, although I want to follow it, in the end I have no reason. " Confucius is like a monument in front of students. Confucius disciples never forget the teacher's teachings and constantly pursue the teacher's great personality image.
Confucius' great personality spirit tells us that teachers' personality has a far-reaching guiding role in the formation of students' personality. As a model for shaping teenagers' healthy personality, teachers must educate themselves first, so as to have a healthy personality image and influence students' path to a healthy personality with noble personality image. So from what aspects should teachers influence students with their own personality charm and set an example in shaping students' personality?
First of all, teachers' love for students is the emotional basis for shaping students' healthy personality. Without love for students, there will be no real education. Confucius said, "Can you love for nothing?" ? Loyalty and righteousness, can you not teach? "Caring and caring for students is a necessary condition for a teacher to succeed. Showing abundant energy and perseverance in education and full enthusiasm and care for the younger generation are all emotional will qualities that teachers should have. A teacher who cares about his students can "persuade tirelessly" like Confucius, be meticulous and cultivate people's strengths. Adhering to rational spiritual guidance and emotional input, becoming a good teacher and friend of students and establishing a profound and harmonious relationship between teachers and students are more conducive to shaping students' healthy personality.
Secondly, it should run through the whole process of education and teaching. Confucius said, "His body is upright, but he does not obey orders, while his body is not upright, although he does not obey orders." This book teaches rulers how to manage people, but Confucius also teaches students in practice. From the evaluation of Confucius by Confucius students, we can also know that Confucius set an example and practiced it. Because teachers' morality has the function of setting an example, it is objectively required that teachers must reach a higher moral standard than ordinary people, pay more attention to moral cultivation, be able to influence and form students' personality with their own morality, and cultivate students' sentiments with their own sentiments. In the specific teaching practice, teachers should subtly infiltrate the guiding role of healthy personality into the teaching of various subjects, so that students can consciously associate learning with making contributions to the country and society while accepting knowledge and improving their intelligence. Teachers should play a guiding role in establishing correct ideals for students with firm ideals and beliefs; Inspire students' minds with strong will; Demonstrate students' actions with noble personality behavior.