To annotate ...
① Weather, geographical location and human harmony: Gou Wangziba said: "Simple farmers who lack energy will not lose their weather in the upper class and their geographical location in the lower class. They will gain human harmony and will never waste everything." Gouzi's "good weather" refers to farming, "favorable location" refers to fertile soil, and "harmony between people" refers to the division of labor between people. Mencius is talking about "time" here. "Geographical location" refers to steep mountains and rivers and strong cities. "Harmony between people" refers to people's will and internal unity. ② Sanli City and Qili Country: the inner city is called "city" and the outer city is called "country". Generally speaking, the ratio of inner city to outer city is Sanli City and Qili Township. ③ Pool: moat. Soldiers: weapons: offensive weapons such as spears and arrows. Leather: leather: armor.
translate
Mencius said, "The right time and place are not as good as harmony between people, and the right place is not as good as Qi Xin. A small town with an inner wall of three miles and an outer wall of seven miles cannot be attacked on all sides. Since we are besieged on all sides, there are always good opportunities or good weather, but we can't attack them, which shows that favorable opportunities and climate are not as good as favorable terrain. On the other hand, the city walls are not high and the moat is not deep. Weapons and armor are not extremely profitable and sturdy, and food and grass are not insufficient, but they still fled the city. It can be seen that the favorable terrain is not as good as the cooperation of Qixin. Therefore, blocking the border can't control people, Jiangshan can't save the country, and sharp weapons can't win the world. People with morality get more help, and people without morality get less help. When so many people help, the whole people will obey. Attacking people who even betray their loved ones with the power of the world's submission is bound to be invincible without a fight. "
reading comprehension
The relationship between heaven, earth and people has always been concerned by people. Who is the most important of the three has become a topic of discussion. As we quoted in our notes, Xunzi once discussed the problems of climate, geography and human harmony from the perspective of agricultural production. But he didn't distinguish who was important and who wasn't, but paid equal attention to them and were indispensable.
Mencius mainly analyzes and discusses the relationship between time, place and human harmony from the military aspect. He has a clear view: "Time is not as good as place, and place is not as good as human harmony." Among the three, "harmony between people" is the most important decisive factor, followed by "place" and "time" This is separated from his thought of always attaching importance to people's subjective initiative. At the same time, it is inseparable from his purpose of discussing climate, geography, people and relationships. At the same time, it is inseparable from his purpose of discussing climate, geography, people and relationships. It is from emphasizing the importance of "harmony between people" that he came to the conclusion that "those who gain the Tao will help more, while those who lose the Tao will help less". This leads the problem from military to politics, and actually returns to his "platitudes"
According to Mencius, the people can't be bound by blocking the border, and the country can't be saved by mountains and rivers. Therefore, there is no way out of the country. To reform and open up, it is necessary to improve national strength and let the people live and work in peace and contentment. As long as we do this, we will "help the enlightened" and help them to the extreme. People all over the world will obey and obey. Then there must be what Confucius said-"Then everyone will come without a belt." (The Analects of Confucius Lutz) People from all over the world come to apply for studying abroad, applying for business, and even applying for immigration and settlement with their wives and children. Where is the necessity of "government frontier"? I'm afraid I can't get rid of it.
In this way, "those who gain the Tao help more, those who lose it help less" has become a famous saying, so that we still often use it to evaluate international relations and condemn hegemonism. Of course, "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as the harmony between people" is also a famous saying, which is also widely used in commercial competitions, sports competitions, especially football matches. This fully shows that its philosophy is rich, profound and broad.
As the saying goes, "Everyone is United, and Mount Tai is the top." Who says "harmony with people" is not the most important wealth?