1. What are some famous aphorisms about relaxing your mind and body to study (preferably ancient Chinese)

After learning, you will know your shortcomings; after teaching, you will know your difficulties. If you know your shortcomings, you can reflect on yourself; if you know your difficulties, you can improve yourself.

——Confucius (a thinker and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period) quoted from "Book of Rites." "Study Notes"

A young man is eager to learn, like the rising sun; a strong man, eager to learn, is like the light of the sun; an old man, eager to learn, is like the brightness of a candle.

——Liu Xiang (a Confucian scholar and writer of the Western Han Dynasty) quoted from "Shuo Yuan"

The one who sees more is knowledgeable, the one who hears more is wise, the one who refuses advice is blocked, and the one who is devoted to himself solitary.

——Huan Kuan quoted from "Salt and Iron Theory." "Proposal"

If a person's ambition is not far-reaching and his mind is absent, he will not succeed in learning.

——Zhang Zai (philosopher of the Northern Song Dynasty) quoted from "Confucian Classics." "Principles of Principles"

Insights into worldly affairs are all knowledge, and understanding human feelings is all writings.

——Cao Xueqin

The lights are on at three o’clock and the chickens are on at five o’clock, which is when men are studying. Black-haired people don't know how to study diligently early, and white-haired people regret studying late. ——Yan Zhenqing

Books are as rich as the sea, and they can be found in all department stores. People's energy cannot be absorbed at the same time, but they can only get what they want. Therefore, I hope that scholars will seek it one at a time.

——Su Shi's "A Brief Story of Dongpo's Collected Works"

There are three ways to read, namely, to read with the heart, with the eyes, and with the mouth. If your mind is not here, your eyes will not be able to read carefully. If your mind is not focused, it will just recite and read. You will never remember it, and it will not last long. Among the three arrivals, the heart is the most urgent. Once the heart has arrived, won’t the eyes and mouth not care? ——Zhu Xi's "Xunxue Zhaigui" 2. How to translate the classical Chinese with confidence

The basic purpose of learning ancient Chinese is to improve the ability to read ancient Chinese.

The so-called reading ability is the ability to accurately understand ancient texts, and ancient text translation is the best way to comprehensively test reading ability. Ancient Chinese translation refers to the translation of ancient Chinese into modern Chinese.

The process of translation of ancient Chinese is a process of comprehensively applying and deepening the understanding of language grammar, vocabulary and other knowledge, so translation is an important method for learning ancient Chinese. There are two main methods of translation of ancient texts: literal translation and free translation. The main thing is to pay attention to mastering the method of literal translation.

Mastering the literal translation method of ancient texts is actually a practical issue. That is, only by doing a lot of translation exercises can one truly master and skillfully use the literal translation method. Learning ancient Chinese translation mainly involves clarifying the requirements for translation and mastering the methods of translation.

1. Requirements for ancient Chinese translation—faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance. The requirements for ancient Chinese translation are generally summarized into three categories: faithfulness, expression, and elegance. "Elegance" is a very high requirement. At the current stage of study, we only need to be "faithful" and "expressive".

1. "Trust" means that the translation should accurately reflect the meaning of the original work and should not misinterpret the content of the original text. For example: Original text: King Li abused him, and the people of the country slandered him.

("Calling the Duke to Remonstrate and Slander") Mistranslation: King Li of Zhou was tyrannical, and people in the country slandered King Li. There are two inaccuracies in this translation, which does not meet the requirement of "faithfulness".

First, the "guo" in the sentence refers to the capital, and "guoren" refers to the people in the capital, and cannot be translated as "people in the country". Second, "slander" in the sentence refers to public criticism and has no derogatory meaning.

Translating it with the current meaning of "slander" distorts the original meaning. This sentence should be translated as "King Li of Zhou was tyrannical, and people in the capital talked about King Li."

2. "Da" means that the translation should be smooth and clear, and conform to the standards of modern Chinese grammar. That is to say, even if the translation is consistent with the original text in content, but the expression is not smooth and does not conform to the modern Chinese language standards, it does not meet the requirements of "da".

For example: Original text: There are strange snakes in the wilderness of Yongzhou, with black substance and white chapters. Translation: There are strange snakes in the wild in Yongzhou, with black background and white flowers.

Original text: If you touch grass or trees, you will die. (Liu Zongyuan's "Snake Catcher's Theory") Translation: If a strange snake touches the grass and trees, all the grass and trees will die.

There is not much problem with the content of this translation, but the expression is difficult to pronounce. "Strange snake", "black background with white flowers", "all dead", etc. are not in line with modern Chinese expression habits.

"Strange snake" and "touch" should also be translated to make the meaning clearer. This paragraph can be translated as: "There is a strange snake growing in the suburbs of Yongzhou, with white markings on its black skin.

When it touches grass and trees, the grass and trees will die." "Xin" and "Da" is closely related.

To seek "expression" without "faithfulness" cannot be called a translation; to seek only "faithfulness" without considering "expression" is not a good translation either. Therefore, "faithfulness" and "expression" are the basic requirements for classical Chinese translation.

2. Specific methods of literal translation of ancient texts The specific methods of literal translation of ancient texts mainly include translation, shifting, addition, deletion, retention, etc. 1. Translation Parallel translation is to translate word by word according to the word order of the original text.

This is the most basic method of literal translation and the first step in literal translation. For sentences with the same word order and syntactic structure in ancient and modern Chinese, there is no need to change the word order of the original sentence when translating them today. You only need to choose appropriate words from modern Chinese to translate the words in the original sentence.

For example: Original text: Qi Division attacks me. The general is about to fight, and Cao GUI comes to see him.

("The Battle of Cao GUI") Translation: The army of Qi State attacked our country. Duke Zhuang was about to accept the challenge, and Cao GUI asked for an audience.

The advantage of translation is that it can be implemented word for word and sentence by sentence, which can avoid missing translations - missing translations are a common problem when you first learn. Since there are many similarities in sentence structures between ancient and modern Chinese, everything that can be translated must be translated.

Only if you have difficulty in translation or if the translated meaning is not clear enough or the sentences are not smooth, appropriate adjustments can be made by methods such as shifting and supplementing. 2. Shift Shift means that some word orders and expressions in ancient Chinese are different from modern Chinese. When translating, the word positions must be moved according to modern Chinese expression habits.

For example: (1) Original text: It is very unfair to you. Translation: (2) Original text: Weisi people, who can I return to? Translation: (3) Original text: If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your ruler.

Translation: (4) Original text: Gou Quansheng lives in troubled times and does not seek to learn and reach the princes. Translation: 3. Supplements Supplements refer to places that were omitted or expressed too simply in ancient Chinese. Necessary supplements must be made in modern translation.

For example: (1) Original text: Hold the distant mountains and swallow the Yangtze River Translation: (2) Original text: Make great efforts in one go, then weaken again, and then exhaust three times Translation: (3) Original text: Can fight in one battle Translation: (4 ) Original text: Lin Jinshuiyuan Translation: 4. Deletion is the opposite of "supplementation". Deletion means that individual words in the original text can be deleted without being translated. Some expressions and some function words in classical Chinese are no longer used in modern Chinese, and there are no similar syntactic structures and corresponding function words. In this case, as long as the translation has clearly expressed the meaning of the original text, individual words can Not translated.

For example: Original text: Langdu Jianzi's Going Far Away. ("Zhongshan Wolf Biography") Translation: The wolf estimated that Zhao Jianzi was far away.

The particle "Zhi" between the original text "Jianzi" and "Quyuan" cancels the independence of the sentence. There is no corresponding expression in modern Chinese, so it does not need to be translated. 5. Retention Retention means that some words in the original text can be left untranslated and directly retained in the translation.

Words that have the same meaning in ancient and modern times, especially many basic words such as people, cows, mountains, grass, etc., can of course be left untranslated; like some words that represent ancient things that have disappeared, such as names of people, Country names, historical place names, ethnic names and official titles, reign names, posthumous titles, special titles, special academic terms and even professional terms, etc., can generally be left untranslated. For example: Original text: Zi Hou died on October 8, the fourteenth year of Yuanhe, forty-seven years.

("Liu Zihou's Epitaph") Translation: Zihou died on November 8, the 14th year of Yuanhe, at the age of forty-seven. "Zihou" in the original text is the character of Liu Zongyuan, and "Yuanhe" is the reign name of Tang Xianzong, which is also left untranslated.

Among the above five specific methods, translation is the most basic, and the other several are adjustments based on translation based on specific circumstances. We should flexibly use various methods in modern translation in order to not only accurately translate the original content, but also write smoothly and conform to the grammatical norms and expression habits of modern Chinese.

3. Common Errors in Ancient Chinese Translation Common errors in ancient Chinese translation include the following: 1. Mistranslation caused by not understanding the meaning of words. Due to unclear use of words, the original meanings and extensions of ancient and modern words and words. Meaning, ancient meaning and modern meaning, monosyllabic words and complex. 3. Don’t worry about everything, how do you say in classical Chinese

Everything will be fine in classical Chinese.

Meaning: Everything goes smoothly. It also means that everything has been done.

From: "Guixin Magazine" by Zhou Mi of the Song Dynasty: "Yanguan taught Huang Qianzhi to inscribe a peach charm board, and the sentence goes: 'How can a pleasant new year be born? The one who has good luck in everything.'"

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Everything will go well (wàn shì dà jí)

Structure: subject-predicate form.

Usage: Used in a derogatory sense, often with irony. Generally used as predicate, object, and clause.

Analysis: "Everything will be fine" and "Everything will be fine" both mean that you can rest assured that nothing will go wrong, but "Everything will be fine" emphasizes that things will go smoothly and have been settled

"Sit back and relax" focuses on being mentally paralyzed and letting down your vigilance.

Quotation: Yan Youming of Jin Dynasty annotated "Lingqi Jing. Part 1. Beauty Gua": "Everything goes smoothly, travelers will return immediately, marriage is the best, everything is auspicious, and everyone admires it."

Synonyms: Everything is just fine, success

Antonyms: Difficulties and twists, extraneous problems

English: everything is just fine