Liu Xie (approximately AD 465-520), named Yanhe, lived in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He was a literary theorist and literary critic in Chinese history. Han nationality, born in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang), and his ancestral home is Dashenzhuang (Dachenliuzhuang), Dongguan Town, Ju County, Shandong Province (now Ju County, Shandong Province). He has served as a county magistrate, an infantry captain, and a palace minister, and is quite famous. In his later years, he founded (North) Dinglin Temple in Fulaishan, Ju County, Shandong Province. Although Liu Xie held various official positions, his name was not distinguished by his official position, but by his writings. A book called "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons" established his position in the history of Chinese literature and literary criticism.
Liu Xie's famous sayings:
Concentrating in silence, thoughts last for thousands of years; Quietly moving guests, seeing thousands of miles; During the chanting, the sound of spitting out pearls and jade; In front of the eyelashes, curling up The color of wind and cloud.
Looking at those wise men in the past, they all had beautiful talents and moral character. Some are famous in the Chu region in the south, and some have shocked the Liang Kingdom in the north. If you only have appearance but no talent, how can you fundamentally set an example for others?
The writers of later generations strived for gorgeous words and gave up practical virtues.
A gentleman should hide his sharp weapons, wait for the opportunity to display them, and build a career. He should accumulate knowledge and cultivate virtues to enrich his inner beauty, spread his literary talent to show his outer beauty, and be like a tree. The texture is as hard as nanmu, and the talents are as tall as henan tree and camphor tree.
Reputation is belittled or praised, since this is the case; the accessibility and obstruction of positions also have their reasons.
Because of their lofty status, generals and prime ministers have a particularly prominent reputation; because of their humble positions, literati are often ridiculed; this is just like the reason why big rivers are surging and small ditches are small. So the waves have the same twists and turns.
Human life is always limited, but knowledge is boundless.
Words cannot fully express the intention, which is also difficult for a saint to do; plus my own knowledge is very limited, how can I express the standards of creation.
When it comes to specifically criticizing articles and works, some of them are the same as what others have said before, but they are not just echoes of others and cannot be different; some of them are different from previous discussions, but they are not just new and different. The truth cannot be the same.
It is easier to comment on an article, but it is very difficult to summarize the articles of the past.
Time flies by, and human talent cannot last forever. The only way to pass on fame and achievements is through creation.
The universe is endless, ordinary people and talented people are always mixed together, and those who are beyond the ordinary just rely on their intelligence.
The old talk suppresses it, saying that it is possible to plant thousands of miles, but Zijian is agile in thinking and talented, and his poems are beautiful and elegant; Zihuan is thoughtful but slow in strength, so he does not compete with the first.
The literature of the Nine Dynasties was rich and prosperous; its eloquence can be summarized in detail.
Fate has changed, quality and literature have changed from generation to generation, and the principles of ancient and modern times are as good as words.
The reputation throughout the ages can be promoted by it, and the response from thousands of miles away can be promoted by it.
Since words can reveal a person’s identity and credibility is a precious gem for a country, people in the literary world should think of recording facts.
Most of the most talented and first-class magnanimous writers are negligent in writing letters, just like the expert horse physicist Jiufang Xun who can identify a thousand-mile horse but ignores trivial matters such as the color of the horse's coat and the gender of the horse.
Writing words in writing is an inferior form of writing, but it is an important task in governing political affairs.
As for the difference and order of noble status, etiquette must be used to express respect.
When writing letters, you should be clear and comfortable to show your momentum, and express your feelings freely. Letters should be written in clear, calm and natural words, which is also an exchange of your heart!
Language is the sound that comes from the heart; writing is the words that come from the heart; when the sound and words are expressed, both gentlemen and villains can see it.
If the learning is shallow and empty, the talent will be sparse but the speed will be short;
If you are a talented person, your mind must be sharp; you must be quick to make decisions before thinking.
Accumulate knowledge to store treasures, and use rational reasoning to enrich talents.
Emotion is the sutra of writing, and words are the weft of theory; the sutra is straight and then the weft is completed, and the logic is settled and then the words are smooth. This is the origin of the main text.
The model of melting classics and the art of collecting history.
If the character and character are lacking, the pheasants will gather in the Imperial Academy; if the character and character are lacking, the pheasants will wander around the literary circle.
This is to attach a message to the righteousness, to take charge of the affairs, to drive all the way to the same destination, and to bear all the worries in unity.
Three-dimensional things are more valuable than essential; if one word is missing, the meaning will be lacking; if a sentence is long and one word is missing, the words will be hindered.
The changes in literature are related to the world's sentiments, and the ups and downs are related to the sequence.
Words are established by actions, and actions are passed down by words.
The discussion is like analyzing salary, you can break the rules.
Proverbs, so attacking diseases and taking precautions is like a needle stone.
Love comes like a gift, and love comes like a reply.
If you have a good idea, you will relax your mind and use your life pen; if you are rational, you will use your pen to curl your arms.
Whenever he thinks of mountain climbing, the writer's affection is poured into the mountains; when he thinks of watching the sea, the writer's affection overflows into the sea.
Written with great ambition, sincere and skillful words.
Written for love.
A work with too many gorgeous words and little true feelings will inevitably make people tired of reading it.
The reason why Qu Ping is able to spy on the coquettish emotions is because of the help of Jiangshan.
The principles explained in the article are powerful, sophisticated and accessible, and are easy to be understood and accepted by people; the most taboo words in the article are fragmented, lengthy and complicated, and separated from the center.
In the opening words of the article, the meaning of the central part of the article should be slightly revealed in advance; the language at the end of the article should also be able to take over the theme of the previous central part.
It is better to avoid inversion when searching for sentences, and it is more important to cut chapters than to order them.
If the chapter is brilliant, the chapter will be flawless; if the chapter is clear and comprehensive, the sentence will be flawless; if the sentence is clear and English, the words will be flawless.
When it comes to mountains and rivers, it makes readers seem to be able to see the colors of mountains and waters along with the sound; when it comes to seasonal phenology, it makes readers seem to be able to feel the cold and warm characteristics of the seasons when reading. .
Writing should be clean as its ability, not complicated as cleverness; things should be clear and clear as its beauty, and should not be hidden as a surprise.
When it comes to happiness, words and laughter come together; when it comes to sadness, words and crying come together.
Praise but with restraint, embellish without false accusation.
If you treat obscurity as depth, it may be mysterious but not subtle; if you use carving to seek craftsmanship, it may be gorgeous but not wonderful. If the article pretends to be profound and is written so that no one can read it, it just means that although it is profound, it is probably still pretentious and used to decorate the shallow text; if the diction is piled up, although it is gorgeous, it will never be incisive and can only be A flashy work.
Use simple and clear language to summarize rich content and fully express the modal state of things.
The scenery is described in great detail and the expression of emotions is more than implicit.
Pay attention to the duality of diction throughout the article, and strive for a unique warning in one sentence; we must try our best to describe the scene, and we must strive to be novel in the use of words.
One less word will make the meaning incomplete, and one more word will hinder the diction. The article should be written with no less than one word and no more than one sentence, which shows that it is concise and concise. If the refining of words and sentences can reach this level, the language of the article cannot be changed.
There are sentences in the article that can be deleted, which shows its roughness; only when there is not a single word in the article that can be deleted, it shows its precision.
Those who are good at deletion will remove some redundant words in the article, but the meaning will still be retained; those who are good at elaboration will use different words in the article, but the meaning will become more and more obvious.
Weigh where the text should be increased and where it should be reduced; consider where the text should be thicker and where it should be lighter, delete redundant words and sentences, and cut out obscene rhymes to reduce the burden of the article and avoid being lengthy and cumbersome.
It is difficult to change chapters and create articles, and it is difficult to change words and sentences.
Play a thousand tunes and then the sound will dawn, watch a thousand swords and then recognize the weapon.
The person who writes the text is moved by emotion and then quits writing, and the person who reads the text writes the text to be emotionally moved.
You can be relaxed with acupuncture, and you can be tired by talking and laughing with medicine.