(A) on how to learn
At the beginning of "Explanation of Learning", it is simply pointed out that "the industry is good at diligence, happy but not born, and it is ruined by thinking". The meaning of this sentence is: diligence lies in diligence, laziness lies in play, the achievement of virtue lies in deep thinking, and the destruction lies in persistence. This sentence seems ordinary, but it tells the rule of success or failure in learning. Now it has become a well-known learning motto, and many people use it as a motto to motivate themselves. The so-called "diligence" means: "I can't help but talk about the six arts; The hand is constantly covered with the compilation of a hundred schools of thought; The chronicler must mention what he wants, and the fabricator must hook his mystery, greedy things, and not donate small things; Burning ointment will continue, and it will be a poor year. " This passage means oral diligence, hand diligence and brain diligence. When it comes to "thinking", he thinks it should be: "repel heresy, fight against the Buddha in his later years, make up for mistakes, make a fool of himself, find boundless state of mind, seek far and wide alone, overcome obstacles, and turn the tide eastward." The meaning of this passage is that we must reject and combat the heresy of Buddhism and Taoism, make up the missing parts of Confucianism and Taoism, carry forward the exquisite parts and inherit Confucianism and Taoism. Just like saving Confucianism when the flood falls, it needs careful consideration to let all rivers still flow eastward.
(B) to guide students to learn Confucian classics
In Jin Xuejie, Han Yu elaborated the main Confucian classics such as Shu, Chunqiu, Zuo Shi, Yi and Shi in concise and vivid language. The characteristics of Zhuangzi, Lisao and other ancient books stimulate students' interest in learning and guide them to learn concisely. For example, he said, "Zhou Gu is heavy on Pan, and he is troubled. The Spring and Autumn Annals are cautious, the Left is grandiose, the Poetry is elegant, and the Poetry is just beautiful, as recorded by the master of Zhuang and Sao. The meaning of this passage is that the words of Zhou Patent and Yin Pan are difficult to understand, the praise and criticism of Spring and Autumn Annals are cautious and solemn, the interpretation of Zuo Zhuan is grandiose and exaggerated, and the changes of Yi are strange, but they can all learn from their laws, and their poetry is very correct and their words are gorgeous. Judging from Zhuangzi, Lisao, Historical Records and Hanshu, although the tunes of Yang Xiong and Sima Xiangru are different, their skills are comparable. If you can master the characteristics of these articles, it will be easier to learn.
(3) About talents
Han Yu also listed that different kinds of wood have different uses, and a good craftsman can do the best. Different medicinal materials can cure different diseases, and good doctors can use their characteristics to treat diseases and make the best use of them. Then, the ancient sages are listed, although they have their own strengths, but they failed to use them. Explain that no matter what kind of people have special skills, they all have high and low materials and long and short skills. As long as they are knowledgeable, they can give full play to their strengths and play a role. Otherwise, it will not be used, not because of poor talents, but because it does not conform to the future. His thoughts are similar to those of Ma Pian in Miscellaneous Notes. The saying that "there is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse" is completely consistent. It also refers to the use of talents, that is, those in power should know people and be good at their duties. Otherwise, although there are many talents in the world, it is useless. On the contrary, it is absurd to say that there are no talents in the world. His thoughts are still of positive significance today.
(4) Encourage students to study hard.
The Solution to Learning encourages students to study hard and make continuous progress. Instead of thinking too much about whether the government is just, they should think too much about whether an individual can be hired and get a better position. It says so. "All students can't be fine, and there are no unknown departments. You can't succeed in doing things, and you don't suffer from injustice. " It means that it is important for students to consider that they cannot make progress in their studies, instead of complaining about the ignorance and inability of the government to hire themselves. What they are worried about is their own virtue. Don't be afraid of the injustice of the government. Han Yu encourages students to work hard and make progress, but doesn't think much about social injustice. It is positive in terms of learning requirements and is conducive to students' success. But Han Yu beautified the reality of political corruption, ignorance of officials and unfair employment at that time, which was his negative side.
Although the book Jin Xuejie is short in length, it is extremely rich in content. It not only stated with incisive sentences that "the industry is good at diligence, but poor in interest, and it is ruined by the follow-up." This maxim illustrates the laws that should be observed in learning, and illustrates what essence and thinking are with many vivid and concrete examples. Introduce the essence of Confucian classics and ancient literary masterpieces, point out clues for students, and tell the importance of selecting materials with concrete and vivid metaphors. In particular, the style of "dialogue, self-mockery and self-boasting, irony and satire" shows the uncompromising spirit of an ideal scholar-bureaucrat in the dark reality.