Cubism began in 196 and was founded by George? Braque and pablo? Founded by Picasso, they lived in Montmartre, Paris, France. They met in 197. Until the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the two had been working very closely together.
the name cubism is accidental. 198, George? Georges Braque (1882-1963) exhibited his work "The House of Estaque" in the Carnweiler Gallery, and critic L. Pistons commented in the magazine "Jill Brass": "Mr. Braque reduced everything ... into a cube." This style of painting is hence named. The leader of cubism is pablo? Picasso and Braque. Picasso's oil painting "The Girl of Avignon" (191) is regarded as a work containing cubism.
Cubist painters' exploration originated from Cezanne's theory and creative practice. They took Cezanne's statement that "cylinders, spheres and cones should be used to express nature" as their artistic pursuit. In essence, this is a reflection of the social reality of industrial civilization and machine age in the early 2th century in the painter's spirit.
Picasso once said, "When we engage in cubism, we don't intend to engage in cubism, but we want to express what we have." Braque admitted: "Cubism, or rather my cubism, is a means I created and used to make painting conform to my talent." The combination of their two temperaments, and through the efforts of Grice and Leger, reunited them, which formed a dynamic cubism.
Cubism painting method has gone through a brewing process. At the beginning of the 2th century, Paris painting was very active. After post-impressionism P symbolism, young artists are generally concerned about how to innovate forms to express people's inner emotions and psychology in the rapidly changing industrial society. New schools appeared in France, Germany, Italy and Russia. In France, following the rise of animism, another group of writers and artists gathered in the "mobile laundry room" in Monmarte. Participants included Picasso P Braque pM, Laurent Sen pG, Apollinaire pA, Salmon pM, Renard pJ, Grice pF, Laige, etc. They were supported by an art dealer, D.-H. Carnweiler, who opened a gallery in Paris in 197, which is known as the Cubist Society. Also participating in cubist activities is R. Delaune pA Glades. In 191, a new cubist society was established with J. Veron as the center. Because of its frequent activities in Pito, France, it was called Pito Group. Dutch painter P. mondriaan P. Mexican J.de Rivera is also associated with the Pito Group. They endowed the analytical cubism with order and rules, thus promoting the cubism to develop in a more abstract and subjective direction. Since 1912, Picasso and others have conducted comprehensive cubist experiments. In the broken and transparent structure of analytical cubism, there is still a strong light and a sense of space. Painters concentrate the objects observed in different states and different viewpoints on a single plane, resulting in an overall experience effect. Comprehensive cubism no longer starts from dissecting a certain object, but creates a new motif by combining a variety of different materials, and tries to make the artist close to the ordinary truth in life by means of physical collage.
although the golden section society, as a branch of cubism, continued to hold exhibitions in 192 p and 1925, cubism, as an art movement, lost its vitality as early as 1914.
Cubism is an artistic school full of ideas. It mainly pursues the beauty of a geometric shape and the beauty produced by the arrangement and combination of forms ... > >
Question 2: What are the characteristics of cubist painting? Cubist painting is a subjective three-dimensional, which is manifested by decomposing natural three-dimensional and recombining it into a new subjective three-dimensional, that is, reconstructing it after decomposition.
question 3: what is the meaning of cubism? Cubism
among the many modern art movements that have sprouted since the 19th century, cubism is perhaps the most fruitful watershed, which is comparable to the Italian Renaissance in many aspects. His goal is to create more realistic art, and its greatest influence has caused him to set off new ideas and concepts about "truth". In the creative concept of plastic arts, the innovation of Renaissance is mainly manifested in abandoning the spiritual expression of heaven and turning its attention to the secular world. Through scientific research, the perspective method was discovered, which broke the decorative plane in the Middle Ages and created a three-dimensional illusion space. This kind of picture looks more like the world seen in people's eyes and is regarded as something more "real" by people. This concept was brought up again by Impressionists. These artists think that the relationship between traditional perspective and sculptural sketch is conceptual, which exists in people's minds a priori, and is not the real world seen by people's "naive eyes". They blur the image through fine brushstrokes and measured colors, and devote themselves to expressing the instantaneous impression projected by the outside world in the human eye. For the first time, the concrete image shows a tendency to be dissolved. However, the impressionist concept of "reappearing" and "seeing" the world is still consistent with the Renaissance tradition. Where? Gauguin and Gauguin broke the concept of reproduction, and the subjective element was raised to an unprecedented height. In order to express their inner feelings or achieve specific decorative effects, they can abandon the world in front of them without hesitation. At the same time, Cezanne subverted this reappearing tradition from another angle. He believes that truth is not a superficial phenomenon, but a deep structure of the object, and regards the work of excavating the internal structure of the phenomenon world as the artist's task. This process goes through a series of processes such as observation, perception and thinking. His idea of trying to construct structures with "cones, cylinders and spheres" has also been repeatedly quoted by later generations.
the idea of cubism comes down in one continuous line with Cezanne. They not only insist on Cezanne's idea of seeking truth behind superficial phenomena, but also develop the eternal concept that Cezanne strives to pursue, making it a "time" dimension and integrating it into the shaping of the structure. The so-called "four-dimensional space".
It has been scientifically proved that people's eyes don't focus on one place when observing an object. There are moments when we focus on one place, but that's not observing something, but thinking about something else-or "daydreaming". People's eyes get the details of each part by constantly wandering on the object, and at the same time, these local fragments are combined into a complete image through the brain. When appreciating the three-dimensional art form such as sculpture, it is especially necessary to walk back and forth to form a complete understanding. )
Cubism is to infuse the temporality of this observation into art and establish the structure of space and practice. The main means to establish this structure is "deconstruction". Decompose the original complete concrete image into several fragments, organize them in the picture, and form a new internal structure that they think is true. Every fragment is a part of the original image, with its characteristics, but it is only a part, incomplete, and often observed from different angles. The "wandering viewpoint" is inherent in it, and at the same time, the audience has to go through a process of reorganizing the fragments when accepting the works.
the concept of uncertainty in time and space is a fundamental subversion of traditional aesthetics (including impressionism). However, the method of decomposing image to express this concept seems simple and casual, but its influence on later modern art is incalculable. Although the purpose of image segmentation is to reconstruct the structure, the effect is that the picture is very abstract. This is a direct destruction of the concrete art of naturalism (Kandinsky's experiment was conducted from the perspective of emphasizing subjectivity and avoiding objective realism). At the same time, its influence is not only the abstraction of art, but also the reorganization after division, especially the absurd effect formed when some irrelevant fragments are combined together, which directly inspires Dada, surrealism and pop art. As an extension of this idea, cubism first used ready-made products in artistic creation, which became an important creative means of post-modern art in World War II.
the term "cubism" came into being when it was used to ridicule a batch of geometric landscape paintings from 198 to 199 in Braque. In 1911, when a group of artists (excluding the founders Picasso and Braque) held a joint exhibition in Paris, they were called cubist painters, and cubism became the label of a movement of that year. The next year, this kind of exhibition was held all over Europe. Similarly, except Picasso and Braque, Gretz and Meggie published Cubism. In 1913, new york held > >
Question 4: What are the characteristics of cubist painting? Cubism is a movement and painting school with great influence both in western modern art and abroad. His artistic pursuit is directly related to Cezanne's artistic view. Cubist painters themselves once claimed: "whoever understands Cezanne will understand cubism" (Hades? Osborne's Abstraction and Skills in 2th Century Art, Sichuan Fine Arts Publishing House, 1978, p. 87). Cubist painters were inspired by Cezanne's thought of "dealing with nature with cylinders, spheres and cones" and tried to create structural beauty in their paintings. They try hard to reduce the descriptive and expressive elements of their works and try to organize a geometric picture structure. Although their works still maintain a certain concreteness, fundamentally speaking, their goals are quite different from objective reproduction. They developed a painting language called "simultaneous vision" from Cezanne, which combined different visions of objects from multiple angles on the same image in the painting. For example, in Picasso's "The Girl of Avignon", the front face is painted with a side nose, while the side face is painted with a front eye. Generally speaking, The Maiden of Avignon is the first cubist work, and the cubist movement can usually be divided into two stages. One stage is the so-called analytical cubism before 1912. The painters inherited Cezanne's tradition of rational analysis of painting structure, and tried to form a painting space and body structure by decomposing and reconstructing space and objects. After 1912, cubism entered the second stage, which is usually called comprehensive cubism. At this time, color plays a powerful role in painting, but the shape is still fragmented, just bigger and more decorative. Painters have created a new artistic technique and language to collage pictures with real objects, which further strengthens the texture changes of pictures and puts forward the question of what is reality and illusion between nature and painting. Cubism is a painting style, but it also has a far-reaching impact on sculpture and architecture in the 2th century. Representative: Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), The Maiden of Avignon; Guernica; George? Georges Braque (1882-1963) The House of Estaque; Fernand Leger (1885-1955), Three Women; Guitar and Music Score by Juan Gris (1887-1927); Decomposition and Reconstruction ―― Cubism Painting School In 198, at the exhibition of Paris Autumn Salon, when the fauvism painter Matisse saw the novel and unique works of Picasso and Braque, he couldn't help exclaiming, "These are just cubes!" In the same year, critic Wassel commented on Braque's works exhibited in Kessler Gallery in Gilblas magazine by Matisse's statement: "Braque reduced everything to a cube." He first adopted the word "cubism". Later, as an accusation of the painting style and school created by Picasso and Braque, the name "Cubism * * *" was agreed upon. Cubism is a movement and painting school with great influence in western modern art. His artistic pursuit is directly related to Cezanne's artistic view. Cubist painters themselves claimed that "whoever understands Cezanne will understand cubism". Inspired by Cezanne's thought of "dealing with nature with cylinders, spheres and cones", Cubist painters tried to create structural beauty in their paintings. They try hard to reduce the descriptive and expressive elements of their works and try to organize a geometric picture structure. Although their works still maintain a certain concreteness, fundamentally speaking, their goals are quite different from objective reproduction. They developed a painting language called "simultaneous vision" from Cezanne, which combined different visions of objects from multiple angles on the same image in the painting. For example, in Picasso's "The Girl of Avignon", the front face is painted with a side nose, while the side face is painted with a front eye. Generally speaking, The Maiden of Avignon is the first cubist work, and the cubist movement can usually be divided into two stages. One stage is the so-called analytical cubism before 1912. The painters inherited Cezanne's tradition of rational analysis of painting structure, and tried to form a painting space and body structure by decomposing and reconstructing space and objects. After 1912, cubism entered the second stage, which is usually called comprehensive cubism. At this time, color plays a powerful role in painting, but the shape ... > >
Question 5: Analyze the difference between cubism and comprehensive cubism. Let's look at some information first:
Cubism has experienced three development periods.
(1) The Cezanne period from 197 to 199, that is, the early development stage, was the gestation and initial stage of cubism. Painters in this period mainly seek simple geometric forms, give up light and color analysis and pursue object forms;
(2) The period of analytical cubism from 199 to 1912. First, they broke the traditional painting method that can only be expressed according to a fixed viewpoint, and then arranged on the same painting plane. However, they still only pay attention to the decomposition of the form, but not to the overall reorganization, and the color is relatively single.
(3) the period of comprehensive cubism from 1912 to 1914. With the development of exploration