Tao Yuanming cannot be ignored when talking about pastoral poetry.

***Five poems about returning to the garden and living in the fields

Author: Tao Yuanming

First one:

Seldom has no vulgar rhyme, and is intrinsic in nature Love Qiu Mountain.

I accidentally fell into the dust net and was gone for thirteen years.

The tame birds miss the old forest, and the fish in the pond miss their old abyss.

Open up the wilderness in the south, and return to the garden with a humble heart.

The square house covers more than ten acres and has eight or nine thatched houses.

The elms and willows shade the back eaves, and the peach and plum trees in front of the hall.

The distant village is warm and the smoke is lingering in the ruins.

Dogs bark in the deep alleys, and roosters crow at the top of the mulberry trees.

The courtyard is clean of dust and clutter, and there is plenty of leisure in the empty room.

After being in a cage for a long time, you can return to nature.

Second:

There are few people and things in the wild, and there are few martingales in the back streets.

The sun covers the thorns, and the empty room is empty of dust.

At that time, in the middle of the ruins, people were walking around wearing grass.

When we meet, there are no words, but the road is long.

The days of mulberry and maize have been long, and the days of my soil have been broad.

I am often afraid of the frost coming, and the grass will be scattered and scattered.

Third:

At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, there are few bean seedlings in the grass.

In the morning, I clean up the wasteland and filth, and return with a hoe in the moonlight.

The road is narrow, the grass and trees are long, and the evening dew touches my clothes.

I don’t regret the stain on my clothes, but my wishes are fulfilled.

Fourth:

Go to the mountains and marshes for a long time and enjoy the wilderness in the wild woods.

Try to take your children and nephews with you and walk in the deserted ruins.

Walking among the hills and mountains, people still live there.

There are remains of well stoves and decaying mulberry and bamboo trees.

I would like to ask the firewood collectors, what are these people like?

The salaryman said to me: "There will be no survivors after death."

"A different dynasty changes in one life", this saying is true! Life seems to be an illusion, and it will eventually become nothing.

The fifth one:

Repentance and hatred can be solved alone, and the journey is rugged and meandering.

The mountain stream is clear and shallow, and I can wash my feet when I encounter it.

I am drinking new wine, and the two chickens are close to the game.

When the sun enters the room, it is dark, and the thorn bushes replace the bright candles.

The joy comes but the evening is short, and it has returned to the sky.

Add another poem "Come Back and Come Back" (with translation and appreciation)

The Yu family is poor, and farming is not enough to support themselves. Childish people have a full room, no grain in the bottle, and no capital for life, but no skills. Many relatives and friends persuaded me to become a long-term official, and I was full of hope and pursued my career in vain. There will be things going on in all directions, and the princes will treat kindness as a virtue, and the uncle of the family will be poor, so he will use it in Xiaoyi. At that time, the turmoil had not calmed down, and I was worried about the long service. Peng Ze went home a hundred miles away and saw that the benefits of the public land were enough to make wine, so he asked for it. After a few days, the family felt like returning home. Why? It is natural in nature and is not the result of hard work. Although it is cut by hunger and cold, it goes against one's own will and causes illness. He was engaged in human affairs and served himself with food and drink; so he felt sad and generous, deeply ashamed of his life ambitions. I still look forward to Yimin, when I gather my clothes and the night passes. Xun Cheng's sister died in Wuchang. She was in love with Jun Ben and resigned from her post. From mid-autumn to winter, I stayed in office for more than eighty days. Because things are going well, the fate chapter is called "Go back and come back". It is also the eleventh month of Yisi's year.

Come back and come back, the countryside will never return! Since you regard your heart as a servant, you are ridiculed and melancholy and only sad? If you understand the past, you should not remonstrate, but if you know what is coming, you can pursue it. In fact, the lost path is not far away. I feel that what is now is but yesterday was not.

The boat floats lightly in the distance, and the wind flutters and blows the clothes. I asked Zheng Husband about the way forward, and I hated the faintness of the morning light. Nai looks at the house and runs with joy. The servants welcome you, and the young children wait for the door. The three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still remain. When I brought my child into the house, there was a bottle full of wine. Use the cup to drink for yourself, look at the courtyard to enjoy your beauty. Leaning against the south window to express your pride, it is easy to rest your knees when looking at your appearance. The garden is made interesting by crossing the sun, and although the gate is set up, it is always closed. The old man is encouraged to rest, his head straightened, and he looks far away. The clouds have no intention to come out of Xiu, and the birds know when they are tired of flying. The scenery is blurry and the scenery is about to enter, caressing the lonely pine and wandering around.

Come back and come back, please pay attention and never travel again. The world is against me, how can I ask for my words again? Love words to please relatives, music on the piano and writing to soothe worries. The peasants told me that spring was coming and that something would happen in Xichou. Or a life-carrying carriage, or a solitary boat. It is both graceful and graceful to find ravines, and also rugged to pass through hills. The trees are flourishing and the springs are beginning to trickle.

When I get all the good things, I feel grateful for the rest of my life.

That’s it! How long will it take to stay in Xingyu, and I will not leave or stay at my will? Why not, what else do you want to do? Wealth and honor are not my wish, and an imperial homeland cannot be expected. If you have a good time, you can go alone, or plant a stick and work hard. Climb Donggao to soothe the whistle, and compose poems near the clear stream. Talking about the multiplication and returning to the end, I am so happy that destiny returns to ridicule and doubt!

lt;Go back and come back to your hometown gt;Translation

Go home! The countryside is almost deserted, why not go back? Since my soul is at the mercy of my body, why am I so frustrated and sad alone? I regret that the mistakes of the past cannot be undone, but I firmly believe that they can be made up for in the years to come. In fact, I have not gone astray very far. I have already realized that going home is right and being an official is wrong.

The boat floats gently on the water, and the breeze blows the clothes. I asked pedestrians about the road ahead, but I regretted that the morning light was hazy and the sky was still dark. Finally seeing the door of my humble home, I ran forward happily. The children of the family greeted him cheerfully, and the young children waited at the door. The path in the courtyard was covered with weeds, and the pines and chrysanthemums were still the same; when I took the children into the house, my glass of wine was already full. I picked up the flask and glass and poured myself a drink. Looking at the trees in the garden made me smile. I leaned against the south window to express my pride in the world. I felt that this small place could easily make me feel at ease. The door of the small garden is always closed, and it is very interesting to walk in the garden every day (alone); I walk and rest with a cane, and I always look up at the distance (the sky). White clouds naturally floated out from the caves, and the tired birds knew how to fly back to their nests; the sun was dim and was about to set, but I couldn't bear to leave, stroking the lonely pine with my hand.

Come back! I want to cut off all contact with worldly people. Everything about them is not in line with my interests, so what else do I want if I drive out? It's such a joy to chat with old friends in the hometown, and play the piano and read to relieve my sadness; the farmer told me that spring is here and he will go to the fields in the west to cultivate. Sometimes I drive a carriage, sometimes I paddle a boat, not only to explore the deep ravines, but also to walk through the rugged hills. The trees are flourishing and the springs are flowing slowly. I envy everything in its proper time and lament that my life is coming to an end.

Forget it! How much time is left in this world, why not stay or go according to your own wishes? Why do you feel so uneasy and want to go somewhere else? Wealth and honor are not what I seek, and there is no hope of ascending to the immortal world. Cherishing the beautiful scenery in those good times, I go alone to appreciate it, or I use a stick to weed weeds and help the seedlings grow; I climb the east hillside and roar loudly, chanting poems by the clear stream; I just live my life in compliance with fate, take pleasure in my destiny, and return to the world. Any hesitation or hesitation?

Appreciation of "Return to Come"

Li Bai has two famous sayings: "Clear water brings out hibiscus, and nature removes the carvings." Use these two sentences to praise "Return to Come" "Ci" couldn't be more appropriate.

In the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the writing style was exquisite. Tao Yuanming's appearance is like a branch of green leaves stretching out among the flowers, or like an unadorned pure girl walking among the bejeweled ladies with heavy makeup. Returning to nature and advocating nature are not only the principles of Tao Yuanming's life, but also the principles of his creation. However, simply recognizing this is not enough. Tao Yuanming did not look at mountains and rivers to please his eyes like ordinary people. He regarded the pastoral natural scenery as his spiritual destination. It was an awakening he gained by turning to nature after seeing through the corruption and darkness of officialdom. This kind of enlightenment was obtained at the cost of personal life, so he cherished it particularly.

"Come back, will the weeds from the countryside not return? Since you regard your heart as a slave, you will be sad and melancholy?" On the surface, this sentence seems to be comforting yourself, but in fact it is... Reflect on yourself. He wrote in the poem "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields": "I fell into the dust net by mistake, and I was gone for thirty years." What a heavy language this is! What a heavy mood this is! "Those who understand the past will not give advice, but those who know what is coming are still there. You can pursue it. In fact, you are not far off, and you feel that what you are now is not what you were yesterday." On the surface, the poet is condemning himself for taking the wrong path, but in fact, he is expressing his dissatisfaction with reality and criticizing the darkness of society. Driven by such a mood, the poet returned home like an arrow and let the boat sail quickly. He wished that the sky would light up soon and saw his own door. His joy was beyond words and he ran back home. Although the language of this kind of psychological description is not as delicate as that of a novel, it can give readers more room for imagination. Compared with the officialdom, the pastoral scenery is so refreshing.

"The servants welcome, the children wait for the door." The innocent children let the poet see purity and simplicity. We can imagine: what the child servant is saying, what the childish voice is saying, and the beloved wife who is not present. She probably does not say a word, but leans against the wood door and looks at her husband, or wears an apron, His hands were covered with flour, and he smiled affectionately at his husband! What a touching scene it was! Next, the poet wrote about the leisurely feeling of being in a courtyard house. There are paths, pines and chrysanthemums, wine cups, pots and cups, and tingke here. There is nothing against your heart, a sense of leisure, freedom, and no restraint. How dark is officialdom? There is no explanation in the poem, but doesn’t the beauty of the countryside hint at the abomination of officialdom? This is a kind of "dark comparison". There is no contrast in words, but the comparison is always in the poet's mind. "The clouds come out of Xiu without intention, and the birds know when they are tired of flying." This is not actually about clouds and birds, but the expression of the poet's soul. Ye Mengde from the Song Dynasty commented: "Unless you really have this situation in your mind, you can't talk about it."

Reading "Returning to Come Back" does not give people a sense of relaxation, because in the poet's eyes, it seems that Behind the carefreeness is a kind of sadness and helplessness. In essence, Tao Yuanming was not a pure hermit who only liked to travel around the mountains and rivers without paying attention to current affairs. Although he said that "his nature loves mountains and hills," deep down he wanted to benefit society. When Mr. Lu Xun talked about Tao Yuanming, he said: "In terms of poetry, in addition to 'Seeing the Nanshan leisurely' that the commentator admired, there are also 'Jingwei holding a small tree will fill the sea, punishing the sky and dancing with the dead, and the strong will will be strong. The "Jinze glares" like this proves that he is not in a state of disbelief all day and night. "We feel heavy with these angry words.

Is the scene description in "Returning to the Ci" real or fictional? Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The "Preface" says that the "Ci" was written in November, still in mid-winter; if it is a retrospective , directly recorded, are there any words such as "the trees are happy to flourish" or "all good things come at the right time"? There are also no words such as "the farmers tell me that spring is coming, and there will be something to do in the west", or "planting sticks for tillage" "Waiting for personnel? It is an imagination before returning, which is self-explanatory." (See Qian Zhongshu's "Guan Zhui Bian" 1225~1226, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) In this way, the first major writing feature of this article is. imagine. The author writes not about the scene before his eyes, but about the scene in his imagination and the scene in his heart. So, is there any difference between writing about the scene in the heart and the scene in front of the eyes? The scene in front of the eyes is what the eyes see. The scene comes first and then the text. The text and scene are consistent, and the emphasis is on portraiture; the scene in the heart is the scene of creation. , Follow what your heart likes, follow your emotions. When you see a scene in your heart, you may not have the scene. If you have a scene, it may not be true. It is just a lyrical expression.

The language of this article is very beautiful. The poems are mainly six-character sentences, with three-character sentences, four-character sentences, seven-character sentences and eight-character sentences in between. They are catchy and have melodious rhythm. The words "zhi", "yi" and "er" are used in the sentence, which is soothing and elegant. Sometimes words with overlapping sounds are used, which has a strong sense of music. For example, "The boat is far away and the wind is blowing, and the clothes are blowing", "The trees are blooming and flourishing, and the spring is trickling and starting to flow." Use more dual sentences, whether they are positive or negative, they are just right. The description is combined with lyricism and discussion. Sometimes it depicts scenes, sometimes it is lyrical, and sometimes it is discussion. It has scenery, emotion, reason, and interest.

Chinese Life? The last point to note is that although Tao Yuanming retired to the countryside, regardless of whether his approach was positive or negative, he was different from the working people after all. Whether he wrote "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" or "Returning to the Fields", it was actually a phenomenon of that era, and he was not the only one to retreat to the countryside. However, his seclusion created a writer and formed a literary style that will shine brightly in the history of Chinese literature and illuminate for thousands of years. Ouyang Xiu said: "There are no articles in the Jin Dynasty, only one piece of Tao Yuanming's "Return and Come Back"." Although this is an exaggeration, it can show its status in the history of literature.