Argumentative essay is a style of analyzing and commenting on a certain issue or thing, and expressing one's views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. Argumentative essay has three elements, namely argument, argument and argumentation.

The basic requirements of argument are: correct viewpoint, serious generalization, practical significance, conciseness and appropriate comprehensive use of various expressions; The basic requirements of the argument are: true and reliable, fully typical; The basic requirements of argumentation are: reasoning must be logical.

When writing an argumentative essay, we should consider the argument, consider what to use as an argument to prove it, and how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. It can be to put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer to draw a new conclusion. This writing method is called total score, which is a composition method often used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that people care about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step. This is a difficult writing method. It is also necessary for the author to deliberately compare two different things in an opposite way Then draw a conclusion that this is a comparative writing.

Argumentative writing is a style that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and viewpoint. This kind of article either puts forward some opinions and opinions from the front, or refutes other people's wrong views. Comments in newspapers and periodicals, essays or feelings in daily life, etc. all belong to the category of argumentative writing.

Argumentative writing is also called argumentative writing. It is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By putting facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his views are right or wrong, and establish or deny some opinions. Argumentative papers should have clear views, sufficient arguments, concise language, reasonable arguments and strict logic.

Argumentation is an expression way for the author to analyze and comment on objective things to show his opinions, opinions and attitudes.

Argument is the author's view, viewpoint and proposition on a certain problem or a certain kind of event in the article, which requires correctness, distinctiveness and pertinence. For example, the argument in Persistence is Victory means that persistence is an important condition for a person to achieve academic or career success.

Persistence is Victory

People want to achieve something in their careers or studies, but only some people have won, while quite a few people are suffering from failure. Why?

As the saying goes, "Success comes naturally". It is reasonable to say that those losers can completely taste the joy of victory, but they often lack a necessary condition for victory, that is, persistence. This is the reason for their failure. The above proverb has implied the meaning of "persistence". It can be seen that if a person wants to achieve academic or career success, in addition to personal efforts, Persistence is also an important condition to achieve this goal.

Dickens, a famous British writer, pays great attention to observing and experiencing life at ordinary times. No matter whether it is windy or rainy, he insists on going to the streets every day to observe and listen, recording the fragmentary words of pedestrians and accumulating rich living materials. In this way, he wrote a wonderful description of dialogue between characters in David Copperfield and left a vivid social background in A Tale of Two Cities. As a result, he became a generation of British writers and achieved great success in his literary career. Edison spent a whole decade developing storage batteries, but he kept on persevering despite failure. After about 5, experiments, he finally succeeded in inventing storage batteries and was awarded the reputation of "king of inventions".

Dickens and Edison won the final victory by persistence. Persistence made Dickens leave many excellent works for people and the world. Persistence has enabled Edison to overcome many difficulties and make indelible contributions to the progress of mankind. It can be seen that persistence can make people succeed in their careers and studies.

Those losers often give up their efforts at the last moment and miss out on success. I remember that a Swedish chemist seemed to find a new element when extracting iodine from seawater, but he retreated in the face of this tedious extraction and experiment. When another chemist spent a year and made countless experiments, he finally added a new member to the element family-bromine, and became famous forever, that Swedish chemist could only

. The other one didn't hold on and didn't succeed. It can be seen that persistence is the last obstacle to victory. In the darkest moment, that is, the moment when the light is coming, the more you need to persist. Because persistence is victory. (Li Sheng)

2. Argument

Argument is evidence to prove the correctness of an argument. To prove the correctness of an argument, firstly, the argument must make people feel true and credible, which can fully prove the argument. Secondly, the argument should be typical and receive the effect of "taking one as ten". Thirdly, the argument should be novel, and try to find some new arguments that can give people new feelings and enlightenment.

For example, the positive and negative examples of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists cited in the article Persistence is Victory are all arguments used to prove the argument, which are both typical and believable.

3. demonstration process?

The argumentation process refers to the process of using evidence to explain and prove that the argument is correct. It requires profound and thorough exposition and pays attention to the art of reasoning. Taking the exercise "Persistence is Victory" as an example, this composition uses two typical examples: the stories of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists, which proves that persistence is victory from two aspects of the text. This process is the argumentation process.

Deductive argumentation?

Deductive argumentation is an argumentation method to infer the essential characteristics of individual things from the known general principles and laws. If the deduction argumentation method is from special to general, then it is from general to special. Applying deductive argumentation requires that the major premise and minor premise must be true, correct and consistent, and that the inference is logical, otherwise there will be flaws. For example, the exercise "Persistence is Victory". The major premise is that persistence is victory, and the minor premise is that Dickens and Edison insisted, so if they won, the conclusion will naturally be drawn.

In addition, there are many methods of argumentation, such as borrowing from the past to discuss the present, adopting numerical methods, parallelism reasoning, descriptive reasoning, etc. The more methods we have, the deeper and more convincing the reasoning will be. You can master it gradually in the process of learning.

Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argumentation.

Write an opinion according to the topic and explain it. It is important to have persuasion ability. All three elements are indispensable. Take a closer look at the following, and you can try to write more in the future, so that your composition can make progress. In addition, you should remember more famous sayings and celebrity examples. So that it can be better used in writing.

Argumentative writing contains three elements: argument, argument and argumentation.

(1) Argument

(1) What is an argument? Argument is the point to be discussed and expounded in the article, and it is the author's opinion and proposition to express. Reading an argumentative writing, the first thing is to find, extract and understand the argument of the article.

(2) There can be more than one argument. If there is more than one argument, it is necessary to clarify the central argument. These arguments can be parallel or progressive, but they should all obey the central argument of the full text.

(3) Position of the argument: the argument of the article can be arranged at the beginning, the middle or the end of the article. That is, it can be arranged at any position in the article. But it is often at the beginning of the article, as is the argument of the paragraph. Others are not directly expressed in clear sentences, which need readers to extract and summarize themselves.

(5) Attention should be paid to the proposition and establishment of the argument:

① correctness. The persuasiveness of the argument is rooted in the correct reflection of objective things, which in turn depends on whether the author's position, viewpoint, attitude and method are correct. If the argument itself is incorrect or even lies, no matter how it is demonstrated, it cannot convince people. Therefore, Correct argument is the minimum requirement of argumentative writing.

② distinctiveness. What is in favor of and against should be very clear, but not ambiguous and ambiguous.

③ Novelty. Arguments should be as novel and profound as possible, which can go beyond others' opinions, not repeating others' platitudes, nor being irrelevant and superficial. It should be original and novel as far as possible.

(2) Argument

(1) What is an argument? Argument is the material and basis to prove an argument.

(2) Types of arguments: ① factual materials, ② theoretical materials.

① factual materials as arguments can be A. concrete examples, B. summarized facts, C. It can be a. classic works and wise sayings of predecessors, b. folk proverbs and sayings, c. scientific axioms and laws, etc.

(3) Requirements for using arguments: ① conclusive. We must choose those conclusive and typical facts. When quoting theoretical materials that have been tested by practice as arguments, we must pay attention to the precise meaning of the cited theory itself. ② Typical. The cited examples should be widely representative. Represents the universal characteristics and general nature of this kind of things. ③ The unity of arguments and arguments. Arguments are to prove arguments, so they should be closely linked.

(3) Argumentation

(1) What is argument? Argumentation is the process of proving arguments with arguments. Arguments in argumentative papers are to solve "what to prove" and arguments are to solve "what to prove". On the other hand,

argument is to solve the problem of "how to demonstrate". The purpose of argument is to reveal the inherent logical relationship between arguments and arguments.

(2) Types of argument: Argumentation in argumentative papers is generally divided into two types: argument and refutation.

① Argumentation is a way of argument that positively proves the correctness of the author's own arguments with sufficient arguments; 2 Refutation is an argument way to refute others' wrong arguments with powerful arguments. Argumentation and refutation are both proofs, but only one proves its correctness from the front. The other is to prove its mistakes from the opposite side. They can use basically the same argumentation methods.

(3) Basic argumentation methods: including three categories and five kinds: induction, exemplification, deduction, analogy and comparison.

① Induction is a kind of argumentation method from individual to general. It concludes them through many individual examples or arguments. Thus, a general conclusion can be drawn. Inductive method can first give examples and then induce conclusions, or it can first put forward conclusions and then prove them with examples. The former is what we usually call inductive method, and the latter is what we call example method. Example method is an argument method that proves arguments with individual and typical concrete examples.

② Deductive method. Deductive argument is an argument method from general to individual. It deduces conclusions about individual situations from general principles. The connection between its premise and conclusion is necessary. There are many forms of deduction, such as syllogism, hypothetical reasoning and selective reasoning, but the most important one is syllogism. Syllogism consists of three parts: major premise, minor premise and conclusion. For example, major premise "all metals can conduct electricity", minor premise "iron is a metal" and conclusion "so iron can conduct electricity".

③ Comparative argument is a comparison method. The other is the contrast method. The analogy method is a method of comparing different things with the same or similar nature and characteristics in some aspects, thus drawing a conclusion. The contrast method is a method of proving an argument by comparing different things with opposite or opposite nature and characteristics in some aspects.

(4) Refutation method: There are three methods of refutation. That is, ① refuting arguments, ② refuting arguments and ③ refuting arguments. As an argumentative paper is composed of three parts, it refutes arguments or arguments, which has the same effect as directly refuting arguments. A refuting paper can be used in several refuting ways to strengthen the refuting power and persuasiveness.

① refuting arguments, that is, directly refuting the one-sided, false or fallacious arguments of the other party, is refuting arguments. Because a wrong argument is bound to lead to a wrong argument. ③ Refuting an argument means exposing the logical errors of the other party in the process of argument, such as the contradiction between major premise, minor premise and conclusion, the contradiction between the other party's arguments, the contradiction between arguments and arguments, etc.

[ Edit this paragraph] Explain in detail the three elements of an argumentative paper: argument, argument

Argument:

Definition. Ideas, etc.)

form: a complete judgment sentence with a clear statement on the topic

1. Arguments generally have only one central argument, and some argumentations also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. Sub-arguments are used to supplement or prove the central argument. As long as the relationship between these arguments is studied, the master and the slave can be separated.

2. How to find the central argument. Arguments should be clear judgments. In form, it should be a complete sentence. The position can be divided into: the title, the beginning, the end and the middle of the article, and some need to be summarized by the reader.

Note: rhetorical questions and figurative sentences cannot be used as arguments

Arguments: they are materials that support the argument and are the reasons and basis used by the author to prove the argument

1. Fact arguments: Facts play an obvious role in argumentative writing. Analyze the facts and see the truth. Test whether it is logically consistent with the point of the article. (representative cases, conclusive data, reliable historical facts, etc.)

2. Theoretical arguments: The arguments used as arguments are always familiar to readers or generally recognized by the society. They are abstractions of a large number of facts. Summary results.

Argumentation: the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments

Relationship with arguments: Proving and being proved

Arguments and arguments in argumentative papers are organized through argumentation. Argumentation is the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments, which is the logical link between arguments and arguments. Argument is to solve "what needs to be proved", argument is to solve "what to prove" and argument is to solve "what to prove"