Origin: Peng Duanshu's "Learning to Show Sons and Nephews" in Qing Dynasty.

Excerpt from the original text: Is it difficult to do things in the world? For it, it is easy and difficult; If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people. Is it difficult for people to learn? Learned, difficult people will be easy; If you don't learn, it will be difficult for easy people.

Is there a difference between hard and easy things in the world? As long as you are willing to do it, the difficult things will become easy; If you don't do it, the easy things will become difficult. Is there a difference between learning difficultly and learning easily? As long as you are willing to learn, then difficult learning will become easy; If you don't learn, then simple learning will become difficult.

At the beginning of the article, the author starts with the difficulties. The author thinks that the difficulty of things in the world is relative. "If you do it, it will be easy for people in difficulty." If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people. "The same is true of learning. As long as you study hard, there is no learning that you can't learn. On the other hand, without learning, even extremely easy things will be considered very difficult.

After explaining the dialectical relationship between difficulty and difficulty, the author leads to the question of wisdom and stupidity. People whose talents are not mediocre enough can achieve something over time as long as they study hard and get rid of ignorance and mediocrity; And talented people, if they give up on themselves, will also associate with ignorant people.

According to legend, Confucius' theory was passed on to Zisi by clever and frank Zeng Shen, and then passed on to Mencius by Zisi's disciples. Therefore, the author said: "The sage's way is spread in Shandong." Therefore, the author believes that stupidity and cleverness are relative, and the key lies in personal efforts. This first paragraph is written entirely in the pen and ink of discussion, which clearly shows my views on learning methods.

The second paragraph of the article, through a story, can be said to be a fable, which further shows that difficulties are not necessarily related to success or failure. Where there is a will, there is a way. As long as we can move forward firmly towards the set goal, we will certainly reach the finish line. Both poor and rich monks in Sichuan want to make a pilgrimage to Putuo Mountain. The poor monk realized his wish with a bottle and a bowl and a firm will.

Although the rich had enough money to rent a boat, they failed to achieve their goal because of indecision. This shows the importance of "determination". The so-called "determination" is not only to set a goal, but also to have the spirit of making progress despite difficulties, which is the first essence of learning.

Through concrete and vivid narration, this passage imagines the language expression of the characters and vividly reveals the importance of determination, just like a fable, simple but profound.

The final conclusion still boils down to the question of wisdom and stupidity: wisdom cannot be relied on, and stupidity cannot be limited. The key is whether you are diligent in mechanics. The author emphasizes the subjectivity and initiative in learning, gets rid of the prejudice of natural determinism, and encourages people to learn, which has an encouraging effect on people with different talents. His dialectical understanding of intelligence "can be relied on but not relied on" and fatuity "can be limited but not limited" is undoubtedly very insightful.

The full text always uses the method of contrast to enhance the persuasiveness of the article. For example, it is pointed out from the beginning that "difficulty" and "easy" are relative and changeable in learning. Then, from the perspective of stupidity and cleverness and their relationship with success or failure, it repeatedly demonstrates, makes sense and convinces readers.

The poor monks are rich, the poor only rely on a bottle and a bowl, and the rich can buy a boat. As a result, the poor can go to the South China Sea, but the rich can't. They always argue in strong contrast, which adds to the vividness of the article. In this article, even sentences are often used, such as: "If you do it, it will be easy for those who are in difficulty;" If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people. "

"Learning, difficult is easy; If you don't learn, it's easy and difficult. " The two sentences of "I'm stupid" and "I'm smart" are syntactically opposite to the two sentences of "smart and sensitive, which can be relied on but not relied on" and "stupid and mediocre, which can be restricted but not restricted", leaving a deep impression on readers.

There are no difficult words in the article, but they are eloquent, such as a teacher's exhortation to the younger generation, which is earnest and in line with the theme.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Learn a song for your sons and nephews.