Introduction to "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk"
"Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk" is a collection of essays written by Lu Xun. The author said that these articles are "reminiscences" "copied from memory". It was originally titled "Revisiting Old Things" and was published in the semi-monthly magazine "Wangyuan". When it was assembled in September 1928, it was renamed "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk".
"Morning Blossoms Picked Up at Dusk" *** contains 10 works. Including: "Dog.Cat.Rat", which depicts disgust and hatred towards cats; "A Chang and the Classic of Mountains and Seas", which commemorates the eldest mother; "Twenty-Four Pictures of Filial Piety", which criticizes the feudal concept of filial piety; and "Five Rampant Meeting", which expresses the shadow of feudal patriarchy. "; "Impermanence", which depicts the legendary seducer of superstition; "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" written by Shou Jingwu, a private school teacher; "Father's Disease" which exposes the misunderstandings of quack doctors; and describes a disgusting Mrs. Yan who has evil intentions. The vivid "Miscellaneous Notes"; the Japanese teacher "Mr. Fujino" to whom Lu Xun was most grateful; and the "Fan Ainong", his friend from the same country who lived in poverty all his life.
"Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening" closely combines memories of the past with real life, fully demonstrating the author's great enthusiasm for paying attention to life and social reform.
Reflections after reading:
I don’t know why Lu Xun changed "bringing up old things again" to "picking up morning flowers at dusk", but I have to say that the morning flowers picked up at dusk are not only It's just old things, but new things, happy things and sad things.
It is undeniable that Lu Xun’s scolding skills are unique in China, so much so that some people feel uneasy when he scolds dogs, cats, and writes about rats. Once the spiked hat is put on, it cannot be taken off. . No wonder Mr. Lu likes to call "dogs". This good thing that "calling beasts" is not "illegal" is only taken advantage of by his old man. At least he is happier and more comfortable than the white knife that goes in and the red knife that kills pigs.
Not to mention whether those "famous professors" are bloody, but the "high hat" of "not to be trifled with" is firmly worn, and they openly "praise and criticize works based on motives" are People can tell that the "dagger" hits the "vital point".
Even this thin collection of memoirs and essays is full of indignation, in contrast to the sharpness of other essays and novels. Satire is charming, of course, in Lu Xun's writings, it's called art.
Every junior high school Chinese language textbook contains Lu Xun’s articles, and most of them are probably chosen from this nice name - "Morning Flowers Picked Up at Dusk". After thinking about it for a long time, I also thought, "Morning Flowers Picked Up at Dusk" What does it taste like?
Acid. Indeed, reading Lu Xun's articles is a bit sour. What is so sour? Sad. Look at "Father's Illness". The author never writes directly about the decline of the family. He only writes about the hustle and bustle from his father's mouth. At the end of the chapter, Mrs. Yan instigated the author to call her father, but this left the author with the "biggest mistake". It's touching, but also secretly mocking Mrs. Yan's selfish, talkative and evil image.
Sweet. Not to mention the warmth of A Chang and Lu Xun's New Year greetings, not to mention the joy and bustle of watching social operas and the Wuyang Festival, just mention the childlike charm of Baicao Garden, "the oil flies are singing in low voices, and the crickets are playing the piano here", all the feelings The innocence and romance, all the kindness and tenderness that I experience, seem to have crossed the unique Lu's Bridge and entered the sweet childhood hometown.
Bitter. It is bitter to become the enemy of "celebrities" and "gentlemen". It is bitter to die of Chang and my father. It is bitter to bid farewell to Mr. Fujino. It is even harder to jump into the "big dye vat" of old China and not be able to escape. The revolution suffered, the people suffered, Lu Xun suffered, and this book "Plucked in Morning Blossoms at Dusk" was written through violence, darkness, and smog.
Spicy. The true nature of Lu Xun. The spicy writing style will naturally have people that the pen tip points directly at. The phrase "with a cold eyebrow and a thousand fingers" gives an awe-inspiring image of a strong man who is merciless in his criticism and ridicule of the opposition and conservative forces. For example, the sharp and mean satire on Chen and Xu is slightly spicy in the mouth, but it penetrates the intestines and stomach in the stomach, which is very interesting.
Salty. The smell of tears. The simple and touching prose is enough to make people cry. The bits and pieces of old events are the salt of the epic poem "Plucked in the Morning and Evening." What is salty is the memories, and what is splashed is the deep thinking of the readers.
Most of the memoirs I have read are about the leisurely mood of catching flowers and catching shadows in the wind, but I have never seen that the morning flowers picked up at dusk have a unique flavor.
Couplet about picking up flowers in the morning and evening:
Drinking flowers and wine alone to release breast bamboo
Cold clothes cannot bear the heat
Who can pick up flowers in the morning and evening? Belong
Sweet, Sour, Salty, Spicy and Bitter
The novel "Looking Like a Camel" is the masterpiece of the famous modern Chinese writer Lao She from 1899 to 1966. Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, Yu Hanyu. Manchu people. He was born in a poor family in Beijing and grew up in the living environment of Beijing's lower class citizens. In 1924, Lao She went to Britain to work as a Chinese teacher in Xiangtian, where he worked until 1929. There, he read a large number of Western European literary masterpieces and began writing novels. The early works, such as "Lao Zhang's Philosophy", "Zhao Ziyue", "Two Horses", etc., contain irony in their humor, which is quite close to the writing style of the British writer Dickens, but the exaggeration is sometimes a little too much, almost falling into the glib . However, for Lao Hui, his early creations were indispensable for practicing his pen. In the 1930s, his creations gradually matured, and he finally launched his highlight play "Camel Xiangzi" in 1936.
"Camel Xiangzi" tells the tragic story of Xiangzi, a rickshaw driver in the old city of Beiping, China. Xiangzi came from the countryside, and the increasingly declining and declining countryside made it impossible for him to survive. He came to the city, eager to create a new life with his honest labor. He tried various jobs and finally settled on pulling a rickshaw. This career choice shows that although Xiangzi has left the land, his way of thinking is still that of a farmer. He is used to individual work, but at the same time he longs for a car as reliable as the land. Buying a car and being an independent worker, "This is his wish, hope, and even religion." The city seemed to have given Xiangzi the opportunity to realize his wish. After three years of struggle, he bought a car, but in less than half a year, But Xiangzi still refused to give up his dream of owning a car. Although he had doubts about his pursuit and wavered several times, he still kept picking himself up and struggled again. It should be said that Xiangzi fights against life with his tough character and stubborn attitude, which constitutes the main plot content of the novel. The end of the struggle ended with Xiangzi's failure. He finally failed to realize his dream of owning his own car. The profound realism of this novel lies in the fact that it not only describes the material deprivation of Xiangzi by the harsh living environment, but also depicts Xiangzi's spiritual degradation after his ideal of life is destroyed. "He has no heart, his heart has been taken away by others." In this way, a hard-working and kind-hearted rural youth was transformed into a jobless vagrant like a walking corpse.
Xiangzi’s tragedy is the product of the social living environment in which he lives. Through the description of the characters and interpersonal relationships around Xiangzi, the novel truly shows the life in that dark society, showing the ugly faces of warlords, spies, and car factory owners, as well as the oppression and oppression of Xiangzi by the web of domination woven by them. A deformed reflection of oppressed relations. The novel does not avoid the instinctive desire and a little bit of mutual attachment between Xiangzi and Huniu, but at the same time it also profoundly describes that even such a relationship between a man and a woman is also based on the relationship of financial interests, so Huniu Always keep money in your own hands, "The money is in your own hands, and the power is in you." The combination of Huniu and Xiangzi undoubtedly exacerbated Xiangzi's tragedy.
"Camel Xiangzi" plays an important role in the history of modern Chinese literature. The new literature after the May Fourth Movement was mostly good at describing the lives of intellectuals and farmers, but there were very few works describing the urban poor. The emergence of Lao She broke this situation. With a number of works on the life of urban poor, especially the novel "Camel Xiangzi", he expanded the scope of expression of new literature and made special contributions to the development of new literature.
"Luotuo Xiangzi" was first published in the magazine "Universe Wind" in 1936. In January 1955, People's Literature Publishing House published a new single volume. Lao She made some revisions and deleted the chapter 23 of the old version. The second half and the entirety of Chapter 24. The "Collected Works of Lao She" published by People's Literature Publishing House in the 1980s was restored to its original appearance in 1982.
Xiangzi - a first-class coachman who was once so strong, but in the end still failed to struggle out of his tragic fate. Life did not give him anything because he was strong. Soldiers, camels, Cao Zhai, Inspector Sun, Huniu, Xiao Fuzi... none of these seemed to allow him to escape the final fate of the coachman. He used to not believe in fate, but what's the use? His hard work, his first car, and the savings he made to buy a car didn't offend anyone, so wouldn't they just be gone? Who can I blame? I can only blame fate. So Xiangzi eventually became like other rickshaw drivers. He no longer wanted to be strong and took up tobacco, alcohol and other things that he had never wanted to get involved in before. This made people feel that they could be forgiven, and all his bad habits no longer seemed as unforgivable as before. Forgiven. But what a strong person Xiangzi was in the past! In order to buy a car, he deducted every bit of money from his life. He sacrificed his dignity to sit with a low-class coachman, pulled the car with his life, and even refused to drink a sip of good tea - although a high-class coachman like him drank some. Tea is a common thing. He regards himself as a man of steel and saves money desperately...but things often don't go as expected, and all accidents go against his wishes. Xiangzi's knowledge and experience have tempered him into another person - a person completely opposite to the Xiangzi in the past - he learned all the bad habits, learned to find trouble with the patrol officers, learned to take care of himself, and became a dawdling person. Coachman. Sometimes he also thought that he should live a good life, but when he thought of his own experience, he lost confidence. So what if he wanted to be strong? Didn't he have to be strong in the past? In the end, he was not the same as everyone else, so he might as well be happy one day as soon as possible It's a day. Until the end, even his last hope, Xiao Fuzi, left this world, and he was completely desperate. A simple, honest, kind and strong young man from the countryside was reduced to a pitiable gangster, and finally fell down on the street like a dog and could never get up again. Xiangzi is the epitome of the poor working people in the old society. He reflects the hardship and helplessness of the working people in the old society.
Huniu is a fierce and scheming middle-aged woman with a masculine personality. She is very good at taking care of things and manages people and the car park in an orderly manner. She was quite scheming and arranged a scam, but she didn't expect that her father, Mr. Liu Si, would expose her early. However, he still tricked Xiangzi into marrying her, but she didn't expect that her father would cruelly abandon her. She didn't care, sold the factory and went elsewhere.
In the end, she died due to dystocia caused by her gluttony and laziness. All her endings were caused by herself. After all calculations, her own life was also included in the calculation. The Tao is only one foot high, and the devil is ten feet high. Like Hu Niu, you can't get a good reputation even if you risk your life, and no one will sympathize with you even if you die. It seems that it's better to be an honest person.
Liu Siye, a figure in the old society, opened a car park after reform. He is an upright man with a strong personality and never wants to lose face in the field. The biggest regret in this life is that he does not have a son to take over his class. Although his daughter is capable, she is still a daughter. Since my daughter was middle-aged and not yet married, I felt sorry for her and tolerated her on weekdays, but I didn't want my hard-earned family property to be given to others along with my daughter. So he severed the relationship with his daughter, and in the end he didn't even know where his daughter's grave was. Feudal thoughts made him forget his family affection. When he woke up, it was too late. I believe that when Xiangzi drove him out of the car and stood there alone for a long time, he truly felt lonely and felt that he had no other choice but to live alone. There is nothing left except money, and he can't even take a look at his daughter's grave. Family love is precious. I hope we don’t learn to cherish it until we lose it. At that time, we can only stand there for a long time like Mr. Liu, silently crying in the wind.
Mr. Cao - an ordinary teacher who loves traditional art. Because he believes in socialism, he is kind to others and is considered a "sage" by Xiangzi. Because the authorities said that he had excessive thoughts when teaching, he was considered a revolutionary party. He fled to Shanghai to avoid the limelight and returned to Peking. Later, he was willing to help Xiangzi start his life again. A very ordinary person is considered a "saint" just because he treats others with kindness and democracy. In fact, he should be grateful to Xiangzi for this alone. Lei Feng and Jiao Yulu were ordinary people, and they did ordinary things, but they brought help to others, so they were praised and flaunted. This is the fact. Maybe just a word of encouragement or comfort can touch others for a lifetime, so please don't begrudge those little efforts to help others.
Gao Ma is a kind-hearted and strong-willed old woman who is willing to help others. She has experienced misfortune and learned how to live at the bottom of the old society. He has his own ideas and often enlightens Xiangzi. He is a person that Xiangzi admires very much. She has retained the kindness and simplicity of most working people. Life has taught her to find a way for herself in society and to be careful and thoughtful in her work. She is one of the few working people who has adapted to the old society.
Little Ma'er's grandfather - a coachman who wanted to be strong all his life, but in the end couldn't even save his little grandson. He seems to be the future Xiangzi. He used to be strong, in good health, and kind-hearted, so what? In the end, he couldn't even save his little grandson, and watched helplessly as his little grandson died in his arms. He sold all his possessions in his life - a broken car - and finally had to rely on selling some things to support himself. Like Xiangzi, he was a coachman who could not escape his fate, and finally died miserably on the street
Xiao Fuzi - a kind and sad character, was first sold to an officer by his father, and the officer was transferred Later, she returned to her parents' home. Her mother had been beaten to death by her father, and her father was an alcoholic. The family had no source of income. She watched her two younger brothers starve and were forced to sell themselves. In the end, he was sold to a brothel by his father and hanged himself. Xiao Fuzi's life may be the path that those girls in big courtyards with a certain appearance must go through. They are not at fault, but their fate has been doomed from the moment they were born. Since this is the case, there is no reason and no fairness. It's a shame, fate is unreasonable and unfair, and fate plays tricks on everyone. Xiao Fuzi just complied with her fate and returned to where she came from. All that is left to us is deep sympathy and infinite thinking.
Er Qiangzi - a self-destructive coachman, sold his daughter to buy a car, and became famous for a while. When the money ran out, he drank and lost his temper at home, and beat his wife to death. After that, he sold the car and ran some errands, and then started driving the car again. He got drunk every day, and the two children at home didn't care. After her daughter came back, she forced her to sell herself to support the family. She often went home to ask for money from her daughter, and after asking for money, she would get drunk. Er Qiangzi's behavior is infuriating, but the oppression of life makes him breathless. He can only use alcohol to anesthetize himself. Whenever he wakes up, he feels sorry for his daughter and two second sons, but he has no ability and can only rely on He pulled a cart to make a living, but he was not as strong as Xiangzi, and his body was not strong enough. This made him give up on himself even more, and simply became an out-and-out scum.
A brief analysis of the image of Huniu in "Camel Xiangzi" and its significance to Xiangzi's tragedy
Huniu has dual identities in the novel: the daughter of Liu Si, the owner of the car factory, and the rickshaw puller Xiangzi's wife.
1. This seems to be a combination of two contradictory sides, which makes Huniu’s character show duality: on the one hand, she is contaminated with the indolence, scheming and philistine habits passed down to her from the exploiting class family. She lacks education, is vulgar and cunning; on the other hand, her father delayed her youth out of selfish motives, and she has quite a grudge in her heart
2. Her pursuit of love and happiness has been suppressed for a long time, and she has been exploited by feudal society. The damage to the family has resulted in psychological abnormality. Huniu is another object and victim of Liu Si's oppression.
Regarding her marriage to Xiangzi, she was not really willing to be the wife of a coachman for the rest of her life, but to a large extent she was trying to bring Xiangzi onto the track of her ideal life.
3. Of course, Huniu cannot be said to have no feelings for Xiangzi. Xiangzi also received her care - a kind of Hu Niu-like, almost rough "love"; but more importantly, her kind of deformed sexual entanglement and demands that Xiangzi could not accept, which was completely derived from her. Based on her own needs, it can even be said that she harmed Xiangzi both mentally and physically. The unreasonable society and exploitative family caused her misfortune, and her intervention in Xiangzi's life caused the tragic ending of Xiangzi's physical and mental collapse. Huniu is the resistance and obstacle to Xiangzi's upward progress, and is one of the external reasons that leads to Xiangzi's degeneration.
Analysis of the artistic characteristics of "Camel Xiangzi"
1. Compact structure and careful writing. The work takes Xiangzi's "three rises and three falls" as the development clue, and centers on his "love" entanglement with Huniu. The two are intertwined, and the simplicity is slightly intricate. Through the relationship between Xiangzi and the people around him, it extends the writing to a wider range of life aspects of different classes and families, truly reflecting the dark scene of society, and also naturally revealing the inevitability and social significance of Xiangzi's tragedy
2. Rich, varied and delicate psychological description. It is expressed through the following aspects:
Xiangzi’s personality is silent, tenacious and even dull. The psychological description complements Xiangzi’s poor verbal personality. Write psychological yk with actions and situations. Write psychological yk from the language aspect. Through the author's direct analysis, Xiangzi's psychological changes are revealed. Observe Xiangzi's psychology through the eyes of others. Use the changes in the scenery in Xiangzi's eyes to set off the psychology.
3. The distinctive “Beijing flavor” yk. Description of Beijing's customs, geography, and natural scenery. The descriptions of Xiangzi and various characters around him are placed in a lower-class society in Peiping that Lao She is familiar with. yk. The description of the folk customs of Huniu preparing for the wedding; the blended description of the scenes in Peking and the detailed description of Xiangzi's cart route all make the novel reveal the unique local color of Peiping. Xiangzi, who was pulling a cart under the scorching sun and heavy rain, felt about the unpredictable and unpredictable nature, which was consistent with the natural geography of Peiping and the identity of Xiangzi as a specific character.
The "Beijing flavor" is also strongly reflected in the language of the novel. It refines Beijing's spoken language, vividly and vividly depicts Beijing's natural scenery and social customs, and accurately and vividly depicts the speech psychology of the lower-class people in Peiping. It is simple, simple, natural and bright. The characters' language is all personalized; the narrative language is also mostly in precise and smooth Beijing spoken language
"How Steel Was Tempered"
Textbook of Life
The display of a noble character who is persistent in his beliefs and perseveres
It is unique in the history of world literature in terms of the power and depth of its impact on readers.
One of the best works of Soviet literature in the 1930s
One of the hundred classics that influenced history
A classic translation that influenced modern Chinese society< /p>
"How the Steel Was Tempered" is a masterpiece that has inspired countless people and has remained popular for more than 60 years since its publication. The reason is that in addition to the book's true and profound depiction of the vast life in Ukraine before and after the October Revolution, it also portrays Paul Korchagin's noble personality of persistence and perseverance. His image transcends time and space. It has had a worldwide impact and shakes the heartstrings of generations.
Whether in terms of ideological content or artistic form, this novel can be called one of the best works of Soviet literature in the 1930s. In the Soviet Union, this work was printed more than 600 times in 61 languages, with a circulation of more than 30 million copies.
"How Steel Was Tempered" teaches us how to live a meaningful life. Paul's pursuit of life, persistent fighting dedication and firm belief in life are It is always worth learning.
Ostrovsky's novels have special significance for the millions of young people in Ukraine's factories and collective farms. Because Ukraine has trained thousands and hundreds of outstanding Korchagin-type heroes in its battles with the Central Conference faction, Petliura gangsters, German and Polish occupying forces, and in an extremely complex and tense combat environment. .
--Petrovsky
As the saying goes, cats have nine lives. Literary works should also have several kinds of souls. There are at least three types of "How Steel Was Tempered": the first is the revolutionary beliefs and revolutionary actions of revolutionaries. The second kind, love, is eternal and will not disappear. Paul's love for Tonya and Leda and his concept of love are all movingly expressed in the novel. This keeps the charm of the work alive. The third type is to fight against suffering and misfortune and defeat life. This is not outdated.
--The famous writer Liang Xiaosheng
If I talk about my favorites in the order of my reading, in my youth, the novel "How Steel Is" had the greatest impact on me. "Refined". Not to mention how vivid, vivid, full and highly artistic the image of its protagonist Paul Korchagin is, his thinking on the value of life has affected so many people's lives.
--Famous writer Li Ruqing
The image of Paul Korchagin is indelibly imprinted on the minds of readers of our generation who have been fed the milk of Russian-Soviet literature.
His famous saying about "The most precious thing for man is life", almost no one could not recite it at that time...
--Young writer Hami