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Vygotsky put forward the zone of proximal development, which is a potential range between children's visible potential abilities. Teaching should conform to children's development level, which is a fact established and verified many times through experience. However, when determining the actual relationship between the development process and the teaching possibility, "at any time, we can't just determine a development level outside." We have to identify at least two levels of children. The first level is called the current development level of children, and the second level is called the zone of proximal development. "The relationship between school teaching and development is just like the relationship between the recent development area and the actual development level. Childhood education is good only if it is ahead of development and guided by development.

Zankov pointed out that teaching should be ahead of development and promote students' development.

When talking about the purpose of teaching, he pointed out that the purpose of teaching is to promote students' all-round development and learning. The so-called "general development" refers to the unique development caused by a discipline or a group of disciplines (that is, "special development"), refers to the consistent development caused by various disciplines, and is the all-round development of students' body and mind, including intellectual development, emotion, will, moral quality, personality characteristics, collectivism spirit development, physical development and other aspects.

Zankov broke the old model that teaching actually only taught knowledge, skills and skills, linked teaching with development, established a new teaching system, greatly improved students' ability to master knowledge and skills, and pushed teaching to a new level. This is a fundamental reform of teaching theory. According to the guiding ideology of promoting development through teaching, zankov has gradually formed five "teaching principles" to guide the teaching of various subjects in the long-term practical research process, namely: the principle of difficult teaching; The principle of high-speed teaching; The principle that theoretical knowledge plays a guiding role; Make students understand the principles of learning process; The principle of developing all students. These principles have their own functions, but at the same time they are interrelated and form a whole. The characteristic of this system is to emphasize the internal inducement of cultivating students' learning, and to give space for personality to play its role on the premise of ensuring the ideological orientation of * * *. Studying classroom teaching is an indispensable and important aspect of teaching theory. He put forward "classroom life", a problem that has not been paid much attention to or discussed at all in primary school classroom teaching, which is also his unique teaching thought.