French film inventor and director. 1864 10 was born in the song dynasty on 10 on 5 October, and 1948 died in bondole on 6 June. 1895, he and his brother obtained the invention patent of film projector. 1895, 1895 On February 28th, 1995, he first showed his films "Factory Gate" and "Train Arrived" in public, which was considered as the birth date of the film. Since 1896, he has trained a large number of projectionists to tour around the world, making the film spread all over the world quickly. His films are classics of early films. His films use close-ups (baby lunches) and depth-of-field shots (trains arrive at the station). He also produced the earliest comedy (Watered Gardener).

Chaplin

Name: Chaplin Gender: Male Nationality: British Birthday: 1889[ More information from]

His childhood was turbulent. /kloc-when he was 0/0 years old, he joined a crosstalk troupe as an actor and began to make a living independently. /kloc-joined the famous Carnaud pantomime troupe in 0/907. 19 13 He went to the United States with a delegation to perform, during which he signed a contract with Keystone Company and began filming under the producer and director-Senate. [More information from]

19 14 years, his first comedy "making a living" came out. Soon, the image of Charlot, the tramp mentioned above, made its debut in his second film "Between Showers", which became an important symbol of Chaplin's comedy films in the future. [More information from]

From 65438 to 0923, he founded his own Charlie Chaplin Film Company, becoming the first real independent filmmakers in Hollywood. He is a producer, screenwriter, director, actor and composer. He created the most outstanding works in his life: A Woman in Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), Circus (1928) and City Lights (193/).

1972, he returned to Hollywood and accepted the artistic achievement award at the Oscar ceremony in recognition of his "inestimable contribution to the film art of this century". Chaplin paid attention to the fate of "little people", and integrated the humanitarian spirit and social critical factors into his comedies, creating an insurmountable peak of world comedy movies. Charlie Chaplin, a world-famous comedian, was forced to suffer for forty years. His life is full of legends. He was expelled from the United States by the FBI with all kinds of terrible hats. When he returned to the United States after 20 years and was warmly welcomed by people all over the world, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which persecuted him, was simply surprised and panicked, thus becoming a glorious page in the history of this conscientious progressive artist.

Movies: Making a Living, Between the Showers, Parisian Women, Gold Rush, Circus, City Lights, Modern Times, The Great Dictator, Mr. Waldo and Stage Life.

Hitchcock,

Life profile:

1920, when Hitchcock learned that Lasky star would set up a film company in London, he managed to find a job as a subtitle designer in Lasky. In the next two years, the subtitles of the films produced by this film company were conceived and designed by Hitchcock. 1922, due to Hitchcock's genius performance in film production, the director of the company decided to direct the film "No.13" (No. Unfortunately, due to the end of Lasky's action in Britain, the production of this film stopped. 1923, Hitchcock got the first chance to direct a film, because the director of Tell Your Wife Always was ill. Since then, Hitchcock has been appreciated by Michael Paulson and found a job as an assistant director in the gainsborough Film Company he founded. However, Hitchcock did much more than that. In addition, he is a playwright, title designer and artistic director. After making several films in gainsborough Company, Hitchcock got the opportunity to direct the film again in 1925, and directed the film Happy Garden, which also marked the beginning of his directing career. In the next 50 years, Hitchcock directed many unforgettable films and became a famous director in the world film history.

Khiesz Lovsky is a member of Polish Film Workers' Association, with 1979 to 198 1 as vice chairman. He is also a member of the European Film Research Association. He has been thinking and practicing movies all his life. In his short life of 55 years, movies really won him endless honors. On the podium of film festivals around the world, his thin figure frequently flashes, such as 1974, 1975, 1977, 1979 Krakow; 1975 Manchu; 1975, 1976, 1979, 1988 Gdansk; Moscow is in1979; Cannes 1988 and 199 1 year; Venice is in 1989 and1993; Berlin in 1980 and1994; 1988 San Sebastian; Chicago1980; Lyon in1979; Sao Paulo 1988 and so on.

4 Chekhovsky

There are many kinds of excellent directors, some of whom, such as Truffaut, are good at depicting characters delicately and deeply, and the atmosphere of French freedom and romance permeates the film; Others, such as Kubrick, are good at weaving a magnificent and mysterious strange world, which makes the audience stay between fantasy and reality and linger. In contrast, Khiesz Lovsky is not good at telling stories. Most of his works don't have compact plots, and the entertaining audience will definitely be disappointed and even sleepy in the face of his films. And Keith has never been interested in creating touching stories to win the audience. All his life, he paid attention to and discussed the spiritual world of individuals. It can be said that he is closer to a philosopher who tells the state of personal existence in film language, so he is called "purple narrative thinker" by philosopher Liu Xiaofeng.

Hiis Lovsky's Chronology of Creation;

Personnel) 1975

Scar) 1976

Camera buffer 1979

Blind opportunity) 1982

Not finished) 1984

Ten commandments) 1988

Veronica's Double Life (199 1)

Blue) 1993)

White) 1993)

Red) 1994)

5 An Er Xiao Jin (1903 ~ 1963)

Yasujir? Ozu

Japanese film director. 190365438+February 15 was born in Tokyo,196365438+February 12 died in the same place. 1923, working as a photography assistant in Songzhu Company; 1926, promoted to deputy director; 1927, become a director. The first film directed was confession with a white blade. 1932, the famous work "Seeing for the First Time in Life" was rated as the top ten best films of the year by Film Ten. In the following two years, his "The Difference of One Thought" and "Floating Grass" won the top ten in succession. 1939, his screenplay The Quiet Life was censored, and it was not until 1952 that he was allowed to shoot. 194 1 year, his toda brothers won the top ten again. After the war, he directed a series of excellent films, such as Gentleman in Slumdog, Late Spring, Mai Qiu, A Trip to Tokyo, Early Spring, Twilight in Tokyo and so on. , and won the Minister of Education Award and the Aster Medal with 1958. 1960, his film Good Qiu Guang won the Japanese Art Award and the Director Award of the Asian International Film Festival. His last two films, Autumn in the Sakakawa Family and the Taste of saury, are also excellent films with great influence. 1963 was elected as an academician of the Japanese Academy of Arts. After his death, he was awarded the fourth-class medal of the government, the cultural award of the Japan Film Journalists Association and the special award of the Japan Broadcasting Association.

6 Kurosawa Akira

1910 was born in a samurai family in Tokyo on March 23rd, ranking the eldest among eight brothers and sisters. 1936 seeing the advertisement of a film company for an assistant director opened the door to the development of the film industry. At the age of 33, Akira Kurosawa made his first film, Pose Sanshiro. The work that really made him famous abroad was Rashomon in 1950.195/kloc-0 won the Golden Lion Award at the Venice Film Festival, and then won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film. Kurosawa's works have inspired many young directors in Japan and the United States. Because the work strives for perfection and the scene is grand, it is known as the "emperor". He once wrote: "If you take the film away from me, there will be only zero left. His film themes have always emphasized the spirit of Bushido, the ideal of humanists and the importance of self-sacrifice. His original style is exquisite details and horizontal movement of mirrors.

Actor's work

Kurosawa (200 1)

Director works

Black Rain Ame agaru (1999)

Madadayo, the first generation of fresh teachers (1993)

Rhapsody in august Hachigatsu no rapusod? ( 199 1)

Kurosawa's dream (1990)

Luan Ran (1985)

Shadow Warrior Kagmusha (1980)

Desu Uzara Delsu Uzara (1975)

Electric car enthusiast Dodesukaden (1970)

Red beard and red feather (1965)

Heaven, Hell, Heaven and Hell (1963)

Chun Sanj? r？ ( 1962)

Yojimbo ( 196 1)

warui Yatsu Hodo Yokunemuru( 1960)

The Fortress Hidden by Heroes in the Warring States Period (1958)

Spider nest city Kumonosu j? ( 1957)

Lower Donzoko (1957)

Records of living Ikimono no kiroku (1955)

Seven samurai (1954)

Life desire Ikiru (1952)

Idiot idiot (195 1)

Scandal book (1950)

Rashomon? Monday (1950)

Stray dogs (1949)

My youth has no regrets. waga sei shun Nikui Nashi( 1946)

Zokusugata Saburo (1945)

The most beautiful product is Xuan Yu Liu (1944)

Sugita Saburo (1943)

Screenplay works

Sea Witness Hai Wa Miteta (2002)

Dora-Heita (2000)

Black Rain Ame agaru (1999)

The last person standing (1996)

Madadayo, the first generation of fresh teachers (1993)

Rhapsody in august Hachigatsu no rapusod? ( 199 1)

Kurosawa's dream (1990)

Luan Ran (1985)

Shadow Warrior Kagmusha (1980)

Desu Uzara Delsu Uzara (1975)

Electric car enthusiast Dodesukaden (1970)

Perun Pugno Di Dolli, a Lone Ranger Side Ring Killer Gun (1964)

West Rashomon was outraged, (1964)

Chun Sanj? r？ ( 1962)

Yojimbo ( 196 1)

Hongwei No.7 (1960)

Spider nest city Kumonosu j? ( 1957)

Three hundred miles away from the enemy, Rironsens? Shh? ri no hishi:teki ch Dan sanbyaku-ri( 1957)

Lower Donzoko (1957)

Living records of Ikimono no kiroku (1955)

Seven samurai (1954)

Life desire Ikiru (1952)

Rashomon? Monday (1950)

Scandal book (1950)

Stray dogs (1949)

My youth has no regrets. waga sei shun Nikui Nashi( 1946)

Zokusugata Saburo (1945)

The most beautiful product is Xuan Yu Liu (1944)

Sugita Saburo (1943) (details)

7 [Introduction to Steven Allan Spielberg]

Place of birth: Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Date of birth: 1946 18 February 18.

Occupation: film director, producer

Education: Graduated from University of California, Long Beach.

Debut: 1969 TV series "Night Gallery"

Classic: et (e.t. extraterritoriality)

Experience:

At the age of sixteen, he finished filming the film "Firelight", which was based on his own refractive telescope.

His father rented a cinema in Phoenix, Arizona to show the film. At the age of twenty, I found an empty office in Universal Studios and claimed to be a TV director. The application for admission to the Film School of the University of Southern California was not accepted. Jeffrey Katzenberg, a partner of LA Diving Restaurant, is one of the shareholders. His 20-minute film Amblin, which was filmed at the university, won the favor of Sidney Shenberg, then president of Universal Studios, and immediately emerged. Got the opportunity to direct the first episode of the TV series Columbus and the unit Dr. Marcus wilby.

Relatives: Sister anne spielberg, the playwright.

Awards:

1998 Saving Private Ryan won the best director award at the American Academy Awards.

1995 Lifetime Achievement Award awarded by the American Film Institute.

1993 Schindler's List won the Best Director Award at the American Academy Awards.

1986 was awarded the Owenthal Pogue Achievement Award by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts.

In Hollywood, Steven Allan Spielberg is not only an American idol, but also a miracle of American movies.

When Hollywood pays more and more attention to the commercial interests of movies, and the requirements of stars for their appeal are getting higher and higher, the director has become a special role under this dual pressure. They must be rich and talented at the same time to make their films look good in art and box office, and Spielberg is a well-deserved leader in Hollywood's double index evaluation. Spielberg is becoming a living legend, far beyond the scope of the director, and his next step is always elusive.

1946 12 18 was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and grew up in Phoenix, Ohio.

1968, he shot his first short film with a 35mm camera, telling the story of a couple hiking.

1969 The film was shown at Atlanta Film Festival, which was well received, became the starting point of Spielberg's career and won him the first long-term director contract.

From 65438 to 0969, the director of prodigy directed a TV series "Night Show" starring joan crawford, an old Hollywood star. She was shocked when she saw the young Spielberg. She can't believe that this young boy will guide her. But Spielberg's professionalism touched her, and finally they cooperated happily.

When Spielberg entered Hollywood, the director decided everything, and now the market decides everything. After this earth-shaking change, he remained patient for a long time and maintained the position of the most powerful director in the world, which fully demonstrated his talent and flexibility. No one is more popular than his works, but he does not blindly cater to the audience. His works The Color Purple and Schindler's List both show his highest artistic taste. When artistry and entertainment are fully combined, a masterpiece like Alien comes into being.

Spielberg is very insightful. He found that second-rate platitudes, first-class productions and the latest special effects can bring a large audience to movies, which is his most important contribution to modern movies. The film The Ark Stolen by him and other Indiana Jones films such as The Third Intimacy, Alien and Jurassic Park all embody this idea, and his films such as Back to the Future, Tornado and Who Framed Roger Rabbit have the same characteristics.

Every director has his own representative image, that is, the image that appears repeatedly in the film. When someone asked Spielberg to choose a representative image to sum up all his films, he chose a scene in Close Contact of the Third Kind, in which a little boy opened the living room door and saw the beautiful and frightening light of a flying saucer. The boy is small, but the door is big. Outside the door are many hopes and dangers, light and mystery. For many directors, darkness hides mystery; For Spielberg, there is a mysterious light source, and mystery means hope, not threat. The idea comes from an experience in childhood.

Spielberg's father is a workaholic, so he seldom plays games and goes out with him. One night, his father suddenly woke him up and wanted to take him to see a meteor shower. He was frightened and his heart was pounding. He doesn't know what a meteor shower is, and his father refuses to explain it. He just carried him into the car and the two of them set off. He saw many people lying on blankets staring at the sky, and his father spread out a blanket. They lay down, and Spielberg saw so many celestial bodies for the first time. Although I was a little scared when I just woke up from my dream and didn't know where I was taken, staring at the sky was a refreshing experience. From then on, he began to feel that the sky was a mysterious and attractive place. This idea is repeatedly expressed in his science fiction movies.

Spielberg's first important drama film was 1974' s Sugarcane Field Express. At that time, some directors, such as Coppola, took Olson Wells, who made Citizen Kane independently, as their idols, trying to make the greatest American film without the intervention of the film studio. However, a year later, Spielberg's Jaws completely changed the historical process of modern Hollywood. Jaws is expensive, but it also brings high returns. Within a few years, film studios followed suit, making expensive action movies the mainstream of the film industry. Pursuing commercial interests has also become the goal of a new generation of ambitious young directors. Of course, this trend is the inevitable development of the times, and it can't be completely attributed to Spielberg.

Spielberg knows his shortcomings. Some people accuse him of editing too fast, loving wide-angle shots, not being good at representing women, digging a hole in the ground, putting a camera in it to shoot from bottom to top, loving stunts, focusing on photography and ignoring stories, and so on. Spielberg himself admits that these are all facts. But if we make a list of his advantages, it will undoubtedly be much longer than this. The most important thing is that he has endless creative inspiration, and his films fascinate everyone. He has a famous saying: "It will collapse once a month and hit me on the head. When I wake up, I will find another movie I want to make. "

Spielberg likes children. He always treats child actors in movies equally to motivate them to give full play to their best acting skills. Drew Barrymore, the charming little girl in Alien, is deeply loved by him. After making this film, he has a strong desire to be a father.

Spielberg's first wife was amy irving, and they parted ways in 1989. His second wife, Kate Capuchio, is an actress who once played a role in his raiders of the lost ark series. Of course, he has got his wish and become a happy father.

1994, Spielberg's film Schindler's List won the Oscar for best film and best director. Spielberg won the Oscar Lifetime Achievement Award on 1995. 1998, his new film Saving Private Ryan received rave reviews as soon as it was released.

[Spielberg's main works]

-2006-Indiana Jones 4- Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull

-2005-World War II.

-2005-Revenge/Munich-Revenge/Munich

-2005-Veronica Mars Season 2

-2004- Terminal-Terminal

-2002- Catch me if you dare-Run away (catch me if you dare)

-2002-a few reports-a few reports

-2006 54 38+0- Brothers Gang-Brothers Company

-200 1-Memoirs of a Geisha-

-2006 54 38+0- Jurassic Park III-Jurassic Park III

-2001-a.i.: artificial intelligence-artificial intelligence

-1999-Unfinished Journey-

-1998- Saving Private Ryan-Saving Private Ryan

-1997- Amistad-Lock-breaking frenzy (the brave are fearless)

-1997- The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Jurassic Park 2- The Lost World

-1993- Schindler list-Schindler list

-1993- Jurassic Park-Jurassic Park

-199 1- Captain Hook (Captain Hook)

-1989- forever-forever

-1989- Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade-Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

-1987- empire of the sun-empire of the sun

-1985- color purple-purple sister flower

-1984- Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom-Legend of the Magic Palace

-1983- the twilight zone: movies-fuzzy field

-1982- haunted-ghosts chasing souls

-1982- Alien-Alien

-198 1- raiders of the lost ark-raiders of the lost ark

- 1979- 194 1- 194 1

-1977- Close contact of the third kind-Close contact of the third kind

-1975- great white shark

- 1974-sugar land express，the-runway。

-1968- Amblin''-Go slowly

1967 slipstream

-1964- firelight-firelight

-196 1-battle squad-

-196 1- nowhere to run-nowhere to hide.

-1959-Last shot

8 "montage"

Montage means "splicing" in French, but in Russia it has developed into.

Focus plane's combinatorial theory. Montage is basically a theory developed by Russian directors.

Dofkin extended it according to the editing technique of Griffith, the father of American movies, and Eisenstein later put it forward.

The view of relevance. Platts believes that the juxtaposition of two lenses is more significant than a single lens, even electricity.

Shadow thinks that the juxtaposition art of lens and lens structure. At least I have the prospect and a lot of close-up contacts to come to psychology of creation.

Emotion, and the result of abstract ideas. Influenced by Russian dialectical philosophy, Eisenstein thought that the lens

The juxtaposition and even fierce conflict between them will produce a third new meaning. When we describe a topic, we can

In order to put a series of related or unrelated shots together and produce a metaphorical effect, this is montage.

For example, if we put our mother in the mirror when cooking, washing clothes, taking care of children and even when our father reads the newspaper, we will

Produce the feeling that mom is "busy".

Montage sentence-a logical connection composed of a series of shots in the combination of film and television shots.

A coherent, rhythmic and relatively complete video clip.

Montage sentence patterns-progressive, backward, circular, interspersed and equivalent sentence patterns. Combine shots in the order of panorama, middle shot, close shot and close shot.

Backward sentence patterns. Combine shots in the order of close-up, close-up, middle-view and panorama.

Circle sentence patterns. This sentence pattern is a combination of forward sentence pattern and backward sentence pattern.

Intersperse sentence patterns. The scene change of sentence patterns is not gradual, but alternating far and near.

Equivalent sentence patterns. In a word, the scene remains the same.

The division of montage paragraphs —— According to the natural paragraphs of film and television works.

According to the transformation of time

Segmenting according to the shift of position.

According to the rhythm of the movie.

Therefore, the division of paragraphs is determined by the development of plot and the need of content or the intermittence and transformation of rhythm.

Montage transition-that is, the problem of time-space transformation in lens assembly. Coherent transition is to realize the scene.

Switch directly with scenes, paragraphs and paragraphs, and the structure is clean and compact. Similar transition. profit

At the junction of scenes and paragraphs, use the same or similar shapes and numbers of upper and lower lenses.

Make a change.

Logical transformation. There is a logical relationship between the upper and lower shots at the scene junction and the paragraphs in the plot development.

Transformation should be carried out in relation or causality.

Metaphorical transition. Make use of the strong alignment between the upper and lower pictures to make the transition.

Transition. transition. Use action shots, sounds, text, or empty shots to make the transition.

The transition of segments is to realize the time between scenes and places, paragraphs and paragraphs with the help of certain skills.

Zero conversion.

The narrative method of montage-narrative montage and performance montage-develops and shadows according to the plot.

Cut and combine shots, scenes, paragraphs and tables according to the time flow, logical order and causality of the film content.

The coherence of the current action promotes and guides the audience to understand the content.

Performance montage, on the other hand, is developed from juxtaposition, with connected or overlapping shots, scenes and paragraphs.

The mutual contrast and impact in form or content arouse the association of the audience and create richer meanings.

And express a certain emotion, mood, psychology or thought.

9 scene scheduling

Originated from French, it was originally used in stage play, which refers to the artistic treatment of the actors' action route, state and communication between actors in a scene by the director. Later borrowed from film art, it refers to the director's arrangement of things in the picture, that is, the director guides the audience to observe the activities on the picture from different angles and distances. Including actor scheduling and shot scheduling. Actor scheduling refers to the director's changing the direction and position of actors and the dynamic and static changes of communication between actors, resulting in different shapes and scenes of the picture, revealing the changes in the relationship between characters and emotions, in order to obtain the picture effect. Shot scheduling refers to the director's use of lens position changes, such as pushing, pulling, shaking, moving, ascending, descending, pitching and tilting, to show the relationship between people, the change of environmental atmosphere and the progress of events. Shot scheduling can refer to the scheduling of a complete scene formed by the combination of shots, or it can also be the scheduling within a single shot. Depth scene scheduling belongs to the latter case, which means that the director uses the changes of modeling factors such as scene, composition, light and shadow, scene, environmental atmosphere and character movements in a shot to enhance the meaning of the shot.

10 long lens

The long lens is the symmetry of the "short lens". Refers to a shot that takes up a long film in a period of time. It can contain more needed content, or it can be a montage sentence (different from a montage sentence composed of several short shots). There is no clear and uniform regulation on its length. Generally, it can be divided into four types: fixed long lens, zoom long lens, depth of field long lens and moving long lens. Among them, moving the long lens includes pushing, pulling, swinging, lifting and other actions of the camera. Because the long lens can unify all kinds of movements inside the lens, it is natural, smooth and varied, causing various angles and scenes for the picture. It can not only show the environment and highlight the characters, but also bring full freedom to the actors' performances, which is helpful to the coherence of the characters' emotions and make the important dramatic actions fully and hierarchically displayed. The shooting of long shots has a strong sense of time and space realism because it will not destroy the temporal and spatial continuity of the occurrence and development of events.