Childhood: Author: Maxim Gorky, formerly known as Alexei Macsimovici Piskov, a great proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union. Born in poverty, he personally experienced the cruel exploitation and oppression of capitalism, which had an important impact on his thought and creative development. The famous autobiographical novel trilogy "Childhood", "The World" and "My University" was born under his pen. This book reflects the poor life of the lowest people in Russia and is also the author's personal experience. Childhood, On Earth and My University are Gorky's famous autobiographical novels, which express Gorky's understanding of suffering and his unique views on social life. It is rich in connotation and intriguing, and depicts a beautiful spiritual world for us. This world-famous autobiographical novel trilogy, through the life of a growing child Aletha, observes and understands the world around him with a child's eyes, and shows us a stubborn, compassionate and persistent juvenile image, as well as various problems and psychological tests he encountered in the process of growing up. The main relationship table is father Peter Skoff (a craftsman, honest and dutiful), mother varvara (a kind lower-class woman) and stepfather yevgeny Maksimov (grumpy, Often beat his wife) Grandfather Kashirin (fierce, cruel and selfish) Grandmother Akulena Ivanovna (hardworking and kind) Hero Aletha (kind, strong, brave and pure, confident) Dache Mikhail (selfish) Xiaoyan Yakov (selfish) menstruation Natalia (gentle and timid) Cousin Jacob's Sasha (obedient and numb) Cousin Mikhail's Sasha. But was later killed) Old craftsman Gregory (honest and filial) Nanny Evgen Ya (happy and kind) Tenant "Good Things" (learned and taciturn) It tells the childhood story of Aletha (Gorky's nickname) from three to ten years old. The novel vividly reproduces the life state of the Russian lower class in the 1970s and 1980s, from when I went to my grandfather's house to write with my mother, to when my grandfather told me to make a living in the human world. Grandfather opened a dye house, but with the decline of his family business, he became stingy, greedy, bossy and cruel, often beating his grandmother and children and ruthlessly exploiting workers. Once Alexei was beaten unconscious by him because he dyed a piece of cloth. Young Alisha was once beaten unconscious by him with a branch. He also secretly lends usury and even encourages his helpers to steal things. The two uncles are also rude and selfish philistines, arguing and fighting over property all day long and abusing their wives crazily. In such a family full of cruelty and hatred, young Alisha realized the suffering and ugliness of human beings prematurely. However, even in such a terrible environment, there is no lack of warmth and light. This is another life of others represented by grandma. Grandma is kind, smart and capable, loves life, has patience with everyone and has a holy and broad mind. She is like a bright lamp, illuminating alessa's sensitive and lonely heart. She often tells alessa some poor and weak folk stories that praise justice and light. Her influence on Aletha was just as Gorky wrote later: "Before she came, I seemed to sleep in the dark, but as soon as she appeared, she woke me up and took me to a bright place ... It was her selfless love for the world that enriched me and enriched me. In addition, there are optimistic and simple Xiaoshigang, upright old worker Gregory, intellectuals who are committed to "good things" in science, and many good people he has met ... all of them are Aletha's mentors. It is these ordinary and kind people who have cultivated Aletha's positive attitude towards life and rebellious spirit, so that he still maintains his courage and confidence in life in a dark and dirty environment and gradually grows into a strong, brave, upright and caring person. As an autobiographical novel, Childhood tells the writer a heavy childhood story. For the people and things he experienced and left painful memories in his heart, those "lead scandals" could not be relaxed when the writer narrated, so the tone of the novel as a whole was serious and low. On the other hand, the novel is described with a child's eyes, which casts a naive color on the tragic scene. Reading sadness is not too heavy, which makes people see light in darkness, kindness in evil, the light of human nature in ruthlessness, and the great power of people to overcome tragic fate in a tragic atmosphere. How Steel was Tempered: A Novel by the Soviet writer Nikolai ostrovsky, written in 1933. The novel tells people through Paul Kochakin's growth path that only by defeating the enemy in the hardships of the revolution can we defeat ourselves, and only by linking our pursuit with the interests of the motherland and the people can we create miracles and grow into an iron warrior. Revolutionaries are tempered into steel in struggle, which is an important theme of the novel. Main figures: Paul Kochakin, Xie Liaosha Bo Ruzsak, childhood friend of Red Army soldier Paul, Walia Bo Ruzsak, Party Secretary of the Communist Youth League, Xie Liaosha's sister, Lida Ustinovich, member of the Communist Youth League, staff of the Political Department of the Red Army Division, member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Youth League Committee of the Red Army, and Ivan Zarki, the true love of Red Army soldier Paul. * * * Nikolai okunev, secretary of the Youth League Committee, fyodor Zhu Laihe, secretary of the Youth League Committee of Hangar, secretary of the Youth League Committee, sailor, underground worker of the Party, chairman of the Provincial Committee for Eliminating Counterrevolutionaries, deputy director of the Military Secret Service, Linnik, underground worker of the Party, Carpenter, chairman of the Municipal Revolutionary Committee, Achim, secretary of the Youth League Committee, Alexander Puzyrevski, secretary of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Youth League, old fitter, captain of the road construction team, secretary of the district party committee, Legenio, head of the Red Army, old Bolshevik Algeem Kochakin, Paul's brother, fitter, Politowski, chairman of the Municipal Soviet Union, Brouzet Zack zahar Brou Zack, the father of Seryosha, and tonia TuMannova, the deputy driver of the train-Paul's boyhood girlfriend and forestry official. Paul's first lover, Daya Kochajinna (nickname: Dayusha)-a female worker, Paul's wife Maria Jakovleff-Paul's mother, Dmitry Dubawa-* * Secretary of the Youth League Committee, Trotsky Volodya Tufta-*. Trotsky sent Cvita Yev-secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee of the railway factory, Trotsky sent Father Vasily-Victor Leshchinsky, member of the Ukrainian Social Revolutionary Party, counter-revolutionary-Polish hereditary aristocrat, middle school student, informer, traitor Petriula-white bandit leader, bandit leader, aristocrat Dumanovo-Togna's father, forestry official Nelly Leshinskaya-Polish hereditary aristocrat. Victor's sister's character: Paul's character: he has the spirit of dedication to his ideals, the iron will and the noble quality of tenacious struggle. Paul is also a typical autobiographical image based on the author himself. The author describes Paul according to his own life experience and real feelings. So Paul's touching story is not an artistic fiction, but basically a true story, which is more touching because it is true. However, the author opposes to regard this novel as the author's autobiography completely, because "this is a novel, not a biography". He concentrated the thoughts and personality characteristics of many similar figures in his contemporaries on Paul in a typical way. He said: "In this book, I am not writing about Paul Kochakin alone, but about millions of men and women who are searching for gold and fighting for their own happiness! "Paul's image is both autobiographical and sketchy. He is the most brilliant and typical representative of the socialist young generation. Paul's first love, tonia, is the daughter of a forestry official. She is pure, kind and beautiful. She once introduced the novel The Gadfly to Paul. The book inspired his thoughts. She met Paul Kochakin by chance. Because of his stubbornness and enthusiasm, she unconsciously likes and loves him. However, due to the class background, she did not participate in the great struggle to defend the Soviet regime like many young people at that time. Zhu-* * party member, a strong Red Army soldier, is brave and good at leading and organizing the masses. He united the broad masses of workers well in the revolutionary struggle and educated countless young people. Paul grew up under his education and training. Aerjiaom-he is Paul's brother, a train driver, a locksmith, and the chairman of the municipal Soviet Union. He has the noble qualities of the working class and fought tirelessly with the enemy. He is Zhu's best assistant. Rita-an excellent party member, and Paul likes her very much. She is beautiful and witty, dressed simply and capable, and her heart is kind and firm. She loves her work, is good at making suggestions, can actively respond to emergencies, and does not let personal feelings affect the overall situation of her work. She has a clear sense of love and hate, and loves the productism she believes in. She shares the same interests with Paul and recommends by tacit understanding that How Steel was Tempered is a novel. Many stories in the novel come from the author's personal experience, so it is more real and touching to read. However, the author does not stick to the facts of life, and does a lot of typical treatment of characters and plots. How the Steel was Tempered, like Gorky's autobiographical trilogy, has made an important contribution to the innovation of autobiographical novels. The whole description of the novel revolves around the growth of the protagonist, with a compact and natural structure. When portraying the protagonist's character, he also shows his excellent qualities from different angles. By describing how Paul treats prison, war, work, friendship, love, illness and frustration, as well as how he treats revolution and personal, public and private, life and death and other major issues, the image of Paul, a steel soldier, is particularly full, vivid and radiant.