What about Mencius? In Mencius, I read a stream of benevolence and righteousness. We usually say the way of Confucius and Mencius, but actually Confucius and Mencius are different. Mencius and Confucius are very different. What is the difference? Confucius said "benevolence" and Mencius said "righteousness". What's the difference between benevolence and righteousness? Caring for others, benevolence is a kind of love, what is righteousness, righteousness is the heart of shame, shame is that you feel ashamed; Evil means hating others, so benevolence is affirmative, righteousness is negative and righteousness is critical. So in this place of Mencius, he is full of anger, because righteousness wants to criticize himself and make him feel ashamed, and I feel ashamed of doing immoral things; In addition, he criticized others. He criticized others for doing immoral things. Therefore, righteousness needs the support of a kind of spiritual strength, which can be transformed into material strength. This thing is called the noble spirit in Mencius, so Mencius said: I am good at cultivating my noble spirit. After he has a lofty spirit, he has strength. If he has spirit, he has strength. If he has power, he will be powerful. So Mencius was aggressive and rude. Let's read the book Mencius. You open the first chapter "On Liang Wang Wang Hui". What are you talking about? He said that Mencius went to see Liang Wang, and Liang Wang said, "Sue, if you come from a long distance, you will be blessed. Old man, what's good for our country if you come all this way? How did Mencius say, "Wang, why bother to benefit?" "It's just benevolence and righteousness." Your majesty, why don't you shut up and talk about the benefits? Talk about benevolence and righteousness, give it back to him immediately, and then talk endlessly about why you talk about benevolence and righteousness instead of interests. Therefore, Mencius spoke bluntly, and Mencius was such a person. I feel different when I read Mencius and Confucius. Reading the Analects of Confucius is like reading the spring breeze, and reading Mencius is like smelling the drums. You are excited after reading Mencius. You always want to stand up and do something. If you really have nothing to do, it is ok to argue with others. It is ok to argue with someone. Mencius is very argumentative. So I read Mencius, reading a stream of righteousness, ruling the world.
Say Mozi first. Mencius didn't like Mozi. Mencius said, "Yang is for me, there is no monarch, Mohism is for love, there is no father, there is no monarch and father, and there is no beast without father." He called Mozi an animal. In fact, we see that Mencius and Mozi have a lot in common. Where are they? If you want to compare, Mencius is brave, Mozi is brave, and Mencius likes to call a spade a spade. We just gave an example. Mozi made it himself. Everyone knows the story of Mozi saving the Song Dynasty. He said it was also called Luban, because Luban's position was too high, so don't use the name Luban. Therefore, a siege equipment called ladder was built for the State of Chu to attack the State of Song. After Mozi heard the news, on the 10th and 10th nights, some of them set out from Qi and some from Lu and arrived at Chu, demanding a truce. Why does Mozi care about this? Of course, Mozi stopped the war. Mozi first persuaded Gongbo and the King of Chu, but he didn't seem satisfied. Then he practiced on the spot, stripped off his clothes to make a wall, took a board as a simulation, and hit Gong Bo like this. Gongbo attacked the city with nine methods, and Mozi defended the city with nine methods. Finally, there is no way to lose. Before Mozi exhausted his methods, Gong Bo said: I have an idea, and I won't say it; Mozi said: I know what you are doing, so I won't say it; The king of Chu said, Tell me, what can you do? Mozi said: the way to lose is very simple, that is, to kill the minister. If you kill me, no one can help Song. But I tell you, 300 of my disciples have taken my road and my tools to guard Song Cheng, waiting for Chu soldiers to die. The king of Chu had to stop fighting. The question is why Mozi should mind his own business. Some people say that Mozi came from the Song Dynasty, because there are two versions of Mozi's origin, one from the Song Dynasty and the other from Shandong. But according to this passage, we know that Mozi was not in the Song Dynasty. He walked for ten days and nights, either in Qi or Lu. Moreover, after Mozi saved the Song Dynasty, he left Chu for home. So I read Mozi, and I read a passion to help suffering. In Confucius, Mencius and Mohan, I read the attitude towards life. In Laozi, Zhuangzi and Xunzi, I read the wisdom of life. What is the wisdom of life? Let's talk about Lao Tzu first. Lao Zi and Han Fei have something in common. Some of our philosophers put Sun Tzu, Lao Tzu and Han Feizi together and think that Sun Tzu's art of war comes down in one continuous line from Sun Tzu to Lao Tzu to Han Feizi. On this issue, I tend to agree with Mr. Li Zehou. Laozi's philosophy comes from military dialectics. Laozi can be read as a military book, which contains many military tactics. However, this military dialectics has become a political dialectics here in Laozi, which emphasizes governing the country. For example, governing a big country is like cooking some fresh food, which has changed from this military dialectics to a philosophical dialectics. Finally, in our daily life, it has become a dialectics of life. In fact, for us ordinary people, reading Laozi is mainly about the dialectics of life. So what is Lao Tzu's dialectics of life, that is, the weak can defeat the strong, the soft can defeat the strong, and do nothing? What is the weakest thing in the world? It is water. What is the most invincible? Still water. Water can overcome difficulties, water can overcome strength, water drops and stones wear out, and water overflows. There is nothing left. Who can fight for water? But water is the weakest. Is strength always strong? Is weakness always a weakness? Misfortune depends on happiness, and happiness depends on misfortune. Bad things include good things, and good things also include bad things, so you have succeeded, don't be complacent; You are in a weak position, don't be discouraged. Weaknesses may turn into strengths. If a person wants to succeed, his way is not to argue, not to argue. Laozi said, "Because it is indisputable, the world can't compete with it." . This is Laozi's Dialectics of Life, which has a great influence on China. Many common sayings and folk sayings in China are transformed from Laozi's thoughts. For example, the early rafters rotted first and grabbed the first bird. This is Laozi's thought, which originated from Laozi, so Laozi's thought is also very interesting, that is, it can be used in different fields and get different results.