In the starry sky of Russian literature in the19th century, three groups of writers are perhaps the most noteworthy: first, three critics, namely belinsky, Chernyshevski and Dobro Lyubov, whose critical practice and theoretical system determine the basic trend of Russian literary criticism realism in the19th century.
Followed by Pushkin, lermontov, Necrasov and Chutchev, they represent four styles and four sides of Russian poetry: Pushkin symbolizes sunshine, lermontov is a bleak moon, and Necrasov is a "citizen poet". He once said a famous saying: "You can be a citizen without being a poet." Chutchev, on the other hand, is a so-called "meditative poet" who focuses on personal meditation. He also wrote a famous poem: "Russia cannot be measured by reason, but Russia can only believe."
Finally, there are five novelists, namely Nikolai Nikolai Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Chekhov. Nikolai Nikolai Gogol was the leader of "Naturalism" in the early stage of Russian critical realism, and was once praised as "the leader of literary world and poet" by belinsky. The most striking place in Nikolai Nikolai Gogol's novels, as Pushkin said, is "showing the vulgarity of the vulgar"; The most touching part of his novels, as belinsky summed up, is the "tearful smile". Turgenev's significance lies in that his novels are the artistic chronicles of his time. By connecting his six novels, Luo Ting, Noble House, Eve, Father and Son, Smoke and Virgin Land, we can vividly see the life history of Russian society in the middle and late19th century. Dostoevsky is called a "cruel genius" because the purpose of his creation is to reveal human psychology, and it is extremely deep and dark. He once said, "Man is a mystery and needs to be solved. Even if you have been solving this mystery all your life, don't think it is a waste of time. " Tolstoy's creation constituted the peak of Russian critical realism literature in the19th century. His three novels, War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection, have been translated into almost all languages in the world and are truly well-known literary masterpieces. Almost contemporary with him, Chekhov, in the shadow of Tolstoy, a great literary master, found a new way and opened up rich farmland. He is regarded as one of the greatest short story writers in the history of world literature. Chekhov's short stories are simple and elegant, humorous and sentimental. At the same time, he is also a modern playwright with the most dramatic performances. His famous plays such as Seagull, Three Sisters, Uncle Vanya and cherry orchard are world-renowned.