The radioactive element radium was discovered with her husband * *. Chinese name: Marie Curie mbth: Marie? Curie alias: Madame Curie Nationality: French Nationality: Poland Birthplace: Warsaw, Poland Date of birth: November 7, 1867 (year of Ding Mao) Date of death: July 4, 1934 (year of Jiaju) Occupation: Radiophysics Graduate school: Faculty of Science, University of Paris Belief: Major scientific achievements: discovery of radioactive element radium
discovery of polonium <
hard work?
indifferent to fame and fortune?
dedication?
famous sayings?
the life of the character?
overview?
into the university of Paris?
chronology of radium events?
social evaluation?
people stories?
simple living?
teach your daughter well?
concentrate on getting honor?
prizes
medals
works with honorary titles? Mary met another lecturer in Sorbonne, pierre curie, her later husband. The two of them often study radioactive materials together, mainly pitchblende, because the total radioactivity of this ore is stronger than the radioactivity of uranium it contains. In 1898, the Curies put forward a logical inference to this phenomenon: pitchblende must contain some unknown radioactive component, and its radioactivity is far greater than that of uranium. On December 26th, Madame Curie announced the idea of the existence of this new substance. In the following years, the Curies kept refining the radioactive components in pitchblende. After unremitting efforts, they finally succeeded in separating radium chloride and found two new chemical elements: polonium (Po) and radium (Ra). Because of their discovery and research on radioactivity, the Curies and Henri Becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 193, and Madame Curie became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in history. Eight years later, in 1911, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for successfully separating radium. Unexpectedly, after Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize, she did not apply for a patent for the method of refining pure radium, but made it public, which effectively promoted the development of radiochemistry. Madame Curie had an affair with her husband's former student paul langevin in her later years, which caused a lot of trouble in France. On November 4th, 1911, the headline of Paris News was Love Story: Madame Curie and Professor langevin. It was rumored that when Pierre was still alive, Lang Zhiwan had close contacts with Madame Curie. Einstein's view on this matter is that if they love each other, no one can control it. On November 23, 1911, he wrote a letter to Madame Curie to express his comfort. Madame Curie was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes in history, and she won the Nobel Prizes in two different fields. During the First World War, Madame Curie advocated the use of radiology to rescue the wounded, which promoted the application of radiology in the medical field. After that, she traveled to the United States in 1921 and raised money for radiology research. Madame Curie died on July 4, 1934 in Haute-Savoie, France, due to excessive exposure to radioactive substances. After that, her eldest daughter, Irena Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1935. Her youngest daughter, Eve Curie, wrote The Biography of Madame Curie after her mother died. During the inflation in the 199s, Madame Curie's head appeared on Polish and French currency and stamps. Chemical element curium (Cm,? 96) was named in memory of the Curie couple. In addition to winning the Nobel Prize, her various honorary titles are: 56 members, 2 presidents, 19 academicians, 1 dean, 2 doctors, 1 professor and 3 honorary citizens; In addition, he won 1 prizes and 16 medals. Einstein once said, "Among all famous figures, Madame Curie is the only one who is not spoiled by honor." Marie Curie? Original name: Marie Skvodovska (Marie?
Sklodowska）,? She is a Polish-born French female physicist and radiochemist. Born on November 7th, 1867 in the family of a middle school teacher in Shashi, Wang Guohua. Father Uradislav Skolodowska is a middle school math teacher, and mother Brogny Slova Boguska Skolodowska is the principal of a girls' boarding school. Baby name is Mabya Sklodowska. Maria has three sisters and one brother on her fifth trip, namely Sophie, Brogny Shirava, Helena and her brother Joseph. July 6, 1934: Buried in the tomb of the town of Paris. Madame Curie? Marie? Curie(1867-1934), a French-born Polish scientist, studied radioactive phenomena and discovered two radioactive elements, radium and polonium, and won the Nobel Prize twice in his life. As an outstanding scientist, Madame Curie has social influence that ordinary scientists do not have. Especially because she is a pioneer of successful women, her model has inspired many people. Many people heard her story as children?
But what I get is a simplified and incomplete impression. The world's understanding of Madame Curie. Greatly influenced by the biography Madame Curie (Madame?
Curie). This book beautifies Madame Curie's life and deals with all the twists and turns she encountered in her life. American biographer Susan quinn (Susan?
Quinn) spent seven years collecting unpublished diaries and biographical materials including Curie's family members and friends. , painted a more detailed and in-depth image of her hard, bitter and struggling life course. [1] When I was a student, Marie Curie was born on November 7, 1867 in an upright and patriotic teacher's family in Warsaw, Poland. She has been studious since she was a child and graduated from middle school with a gold medal at the age of 16. Because women were not allowed to enter universities in Warsaw under the Russian czar at that time, and the family was in financial difficulties, Mary had to go to the countryside in the northwest of Warsaw as a tutor alone. In 1889, she returned to Warsaw and continued to be a tutor. Once, a friend of hers took her to the laboratory of the Museum of Industry and Agriculture, where she found a new world, and the laboratory fascinated her. As long as she has time in the future, she will come to the laboratory and indulge in various physical and chemical experiments. Her special interest in experiments and basic experimental skills were cultivated here. In 1892, with the help of her father and sister, her desire to study in Paris came true. When she came to the Faculty of Science of Paris University, she was determined to learn the real skills, so she studied very hard. Every day, she comes to the classroom early by an hour's carriage, chooses a seat closest to the podium, and then clearly hears all the knowledge taught by the professor. In order to save time and concentrate, and also to save the cost of riding a carriage, she moved out of her sister's house and moved into the top of a house near the school four months after entering school. There is no fire, no lights and no water in this attic. Only a small skylight has been opened on the roof, which makes the room a little bright. With only 4 rubles a month, she is very satisfied with this living condition. She devoted herself to her studies. Although the poor and hard life weakened her physique day by day, her rich knowledge enriched her mind day by day. In 1893, she finally graduated from the physics department with the first place. In the second year, he graduated from the mathematics department of the school with the second place, and obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from Paris University. Hard work Mary's diligence, eagerness to learn and intelligence earned her the esteem of Professor Lippmann. After receiving a master's degree in physics, she came to Professor Lippmann's laboratory and began her scientific research activities. It was here that she met the young physicist pierre curie (also translated as Pierre Curie, Pierre Curie). Pierre curie was born in 1859 to a doctor's family. When he was young, because of his unique imaginative personality, his father did not send him to school, but taught him at home. This kind of teaching in accordance with their aptitude enabled Pierre to pass the middle school graduation examination at the age of 16, and the university graduation examination at the age of 18 with a master's degree in science. At the age of 19, he was appointed as an assistant to Professor Deshan of the Faculty of Science of Paris University. He studied with his brother Jacques, who is also a master of science, and discovered the piezoelectric effect of electrolyte crystals in 188. In 1883, Pierre, who was only 24 years old, was appointed as the laboratory director of the newly established Paris School of Physics and Chemistry. When he met Mary, he was already a successful physicist. Because of the same interests and mutual admiration, the friendship between Mary and Pierre developed into love. In 1895, they got married and formed a happy family with like-minded and harmonious dating. Busy housework and the daughter born in 1897 didn't stop the couple who love science, especially Mary, a mother and housewife, who kept on studying and researching. In 1896, French physicist Bekkerel discovered that a uranium salt can automatically emit a ray of unknown nature. This discovery aroused great interest of the Curies, which is an excellent research field. In a closed and damp house that used to be a storage room, Mary began to March into this new field with extremely simple devices. In just a few weeks, she achieved gratifying results. She proved that this amazing radiation intensity of uranium salt is directly proportional to the amount of uranium contained in the compound, and is not affected by the condition of the compound or the external environment (light, temperature). She also believes that this unknowable radioactivity is a characteristic of an element. Is it only uranium that has this characteristic? Following this idea, she decided to check all known chemicals. Through a heavy and arduous survey, she found that another element, thorium compound, can automatically emit rays similar to uranium rays, which convinced her that the phenomenon of radiation is not just the characteristics of uranium, but a natural phenomenon. In this regard, she proposed to call this phenomenon radioactivity, and to call uranium, thorium and other substances with this characteristic radioactive substances. Her investigation soon expanded from salt and oxide to all minerals. She never tired of studying a large number of materials in the same way, and finally made a new discovery: the radioactive intensity of some minerals is much greater than that produced by uranium or thorium alone. At first, she was not sure about the measurement, but after ten or twenty repeated measurements, she had to admit that it was a fact. This fact shows that these minerals contain some unknown elements which are much more radioactive than uranium and thorium. This is a very important and attractive inference. Although some colleagues advised her to be cautious, she was convinced that there was nothing wrong with her experiment and made up her mind to find this new element. Mary's research work is so important that Pierre, not only a husband but also a comrade-in-arms, decided to temporarily stop his research on crystals and help his wife find this unknown element. Pierre's participation is undoubtedly a great encouragement and support for Mary. From then on, in that humid laboratory, there were two minds. Four hands are busy. This kind of cooperation lasted for eight years, until an unexpected car accident took Pierre's life. This unknown element exists in uranium pitch ore, but they never thought that the content of this new element in the ore was only one in a million. They forgot to eat and sleep, day and night, and then followed the chemical analysis procedure to analyze the various elements contained in the ore and their radioactivity. After several elimination, they gradually learned that the unknown elements that made abnormal radioactivity were hidden in two chemical parts of the ore. After unremitting efforts, in July 1898, they found a new element from one of them, which was similar in chemical properties to lead and 4 times more radioactive than uranium. Pierre asked Mary to name this new element. She thought quietly for a while and replied, "Can we call it polonium (P not)?". Mary commemorates her unforgettable motherland, Poland, which was carved up by Russia, Germany and Austria on the world map at that time. In order to show her love for the motherland, Mary sent the original paper back to the motherland while handing it over to the Doctor of Science College, so her paper was published almost at the same time in Paris and Warsaw. Her achievements have won pride and glory for the people of the motherland. After the discovery of polonium, the Curies continued to analyze the barium-containing part which is 9 times more radioactive than pure uranium with tireless spirit. After concentration and fractional crystallization, a small amount of impure white powder was finally obtained in December of the same year. This white powder glows white in the dark, so the Curies named it radium, which means "radiation" in Latin. The discovery of polonium and radium has brought great anxiety to the scientific community. Some physicists are cautious and will not express their opinions until further research results are obtained. Some chemists have made it clear that the existence of radium cannot be expressed without measuring the atomic weight. Show us radium before we believe it exists. To extract pure radium or polonium from uranium ore and measure their atoms, it was obviously much more difficult for the Curies, who had neither intact and sufficient experimental equipment, nor enough money to buy ore and enough experimental expenses, than to find polonium and radium from uranium ore. In order to overcome this difficulty, they rushed around and sought help and support from relevant departments. Thanks to their efforts, Austria donated 1 ton of uranium ore residue. They borrowed a leaky shed in the physics and chemistry school, which was not even suitable for putting dead bodies, and started a harder job. This hut is as hot as an oven in summer, but it can freeze in winter. The unventilated environment also forces them to put many refining operations in the open air in the yard. None of the workers wanted to work under such conditions, but the Curies struggled in this environment for four years. In the past four years, they have never complained, regardless of the cold winter or the hot summer, the heavy work and the smoking of poisonous cigarettes. The persistent pursuit of scientific career turned hard work into real pleasure of life. With indomitable perseverance, they finally extracted .1 g of pure radium chloride from the slag of 7 tons of pitchblende in 192, that is, the 45th month after the discovery of radium, and determined that the atomic weight of radium was 225. Radium exists, and those skeptical scientists have to bow their heads in front of the facts. Such a little radium salt, this simple number, embodies the hard work of the Curie couple! At night, when they came to the hut and enjoyed the fluorescent radium chloride without turning on the light, they were completely intoxicated in the happy and magical dreamland. Whenever Madame Curie recalls this life, she thinks it is "the most meaningful time in their lives". And they are all in pain and happy! But something unexpected happened to Madame Curie. Pierre, her husband, had a car accident, which was undoubtedly a heavy blow to Madame Curie. The Curie couple, indifferent to fame and fortune, are great scientists who have devoted themselves selflessly to the cause of science. However, the treatment given by the French authorities to their work is unfair and they are slow to respond to their scientific research achievements. It was the Swiss government that first recognized the talents of the Curie couple and proposed to arrange a corresponding position for them. In 19, when Curie was only working in a laboratory lacking equipment for 5 francs a month, the University of Geneva in Switzerland was willing to hire him as a professor with an annual salary of 1, francs. But in order to extract pure radium, never