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(1) Courtesy: Give way, word courtesy. Chen ren Later, he served as the satrap of Jiujiang and was killed by Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei. Yuan: See the third note 1 in The Theory of Virtue. Trouble: trouble, trouble. It's that you're out of your mind and acting strangely.
② "Yesterday Yao" sentence: Yao is a legendary ancient emperor and a legendary hermit. Yao wanted to give way, but refused to accept it. Yao wants to ask him to be the head of Kyushu. He thought it polluted his ears and went to listen. Zuò color: a face of shame.
(3) The clothes are upside down: the clothes and petticoats are upside down, and later the metaphor is abnormal. Clothes, tops; Dressing is a kind of skirt, which was worn by men and women in ancient times. This sentence comes from The Book of Songs Qifeng Oriental Unclear: "The East is unclear, and the clothes are upside down."
4 "Mingfu" sentence: Mingfu refers to a talented government army, and officials also call Taishou Mingfu. On this basis, Yuan seems to have served as a guard of Chen, while Bian is Chen's man, so Qian is called an untouchable. Yaode, such as Yaozhide; Dade Press: Yuan said "Yao hired", and Bian also ridiculed him with "Yao De".
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When Bian met Yuan, he lost his mind. Yuan Yue said, "It's not a shame to ask Yao to be an official in ancient times. Why did Mr. Wang turn his clothes upside down? " Wen Li replied: "The Ming government is new here, and its virtue has not yet been understood, so I turned my clothes upside down!" (2) Xu Ruzi is nine years old, and he has tasted the drama under the moon. People say, "If there is nothing on the moon, it should be extremely evil, right?" Xu said, "Otherwise. For example, there is a scorpion in a person's eye. Without this, it is not known. "
(2) Xu Ruzi is nine years old. He tries to play under the moon. People say, "If there is nothing on the moon, it should be extremely evil, right?" Xu said, "Otherwise. For example, there is a pupil in people's eyes, and it is unknown without it. "
To annotate ...
1 if: if. Things: refers to people and things. According to myths and legends, there are Chang 'e, Yutu and osmanthus trees on the moon.
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When Xu Ruzi was nine years old, she once played in the moonlight. Someone said to him, "If there is nothing on the moon, will it be brighter?" Xu Ruzi said, "That's not true. For example, a person has a pupil in his eye. Without this, you must not see it. "
When Kong Wenju was ten years old, he went to Los Angeles with his father. Li Yuanli was a captain of Li Si (2) when he was famous; All the people who arrived at the door were handsome and talented, and their middle cousin Qi Naitong (3). Wen arrived at the door and said to the official, "I'm a relative of Li Fujun." Yes, sit in the front. Li Yuan asked, "What is your relationship with your servant?" Right: "Zhong Ni, the former monarch, and Boyang, the monarch, are respected by teachers, and the servants communicate well with you." Ethan and his guests are very strange. When Dr. Chen Wei from Taichung arrived at the end, people said in his own words, "It's time, but it's not necessarily good to be older." Wen Ju said, "If I miss you, I will be a pawn." 〕〕〕〕〕
To annotate ...
① Kong Wenju: Kong Rong, a famous scholar and writer at the end of Han Dynasty. He worked as a doctor in Beihai, Shaofu and Taichung successively. He repeatedly opposed Cao Cao and was killed by Cao Cao for an excuse.
② Li Yuanli: See Note 4 of the Law of Virtue 1. Captain Li Si: Official name, in charge of supervising the functions and powers of hundreds of officials in Beijing and counties.
③ Easy (y): Arrive. Qing said: A person with a high reputation. Second cousin: refer to Note ② of DE 18.
4 Fujun: The general commander is called Fujun, the prefect is an official, and the salary is 2,000 stone, and the captain of Li Si has more than 2,000 stone, so it is also called Fujun (2,000 stone monthly salary120,200 stone monthly salary 100).
Servant: humble name.
6 ancestors: ancestors, the same as the "ancestors" below. Zhong Ni: Confucius is a human being, and his name is Qiu. Bo Yang: Lao Zi, surnamed Li, is named Bo Yang. The author of a book (Lao Zi). Teacher: Teacher. This means that Confucius once asked Laozi about the etiquette system. Yi Shi: Eternal life; Generations.
Odd: I think he is special and unusual.
Dr. Tai Zhong: The official in charge of discussion. Chen Wei (wěi): The Biography of Kong Rong in the Later Han Dynasty was written by Alice Chan.
Pet-name ruby: smart; Got it.
⑩ ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù ù.
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When Kong Wenju was ten years old, he and his father went to Luoyang. At that time, Li Yuanli was very famous and served as the captain of Li Si. Deng's visitors must be gifted scholars, celebrities and relatives at home and abroad to be notified. Kong Wenju came to his house and said to the officer, "I am a relative of Li Fujun." Please be seated at the entrance after the briefing. Li Yuan asked, "What is your relationship with me?" Kong Wenju replied, "In ancient times, my ancestor Zhong Ni used to learn from your ancestor Bo Yang. It seems that you and I are old friends. " Li Yuanli and his guests admire his cleverness. Dr Yang Chen, a doctor in Taichung, came late, and others told him about Kong Wenju's reaction. Yang Chen said: "I was smart when I was a child, but I may not be outstanding when I grow up." Wen Ju replied, "You must have been very clever when you were a child." Hearing this, Yang Chen felt very embarrassed.
(4) Kong Wenju has two sons: the eldest is six years old and the youngest is five years old. Father sleeps during the day, and the younger one steals wine by the bed. The older one said, "Why don't you worship ①?" Answer: "Steal, salute!" "
To annotate ...
1 "why" sentence: wine is an essential thing in etiquette, so the eldest son said that before drinking, he should be respectful. Next, children think it is impolite to steal, but worship is a courtesy to show respect, so they can't worship.
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Kong Wenju has two sons: the eldest is six and the youngest is five. On one occasion, when Kong Wenju was sleeping during the day, his youngest son went to the bedside to steal wine. The eldest son said to him, "Why don't you salute first?" The little one replied, "How to salute if you steal it!"
(5) Kong Rong has taken over, and both China and foreign countries are afraid. I was nine when I was a child, and the youngest was eight. The second son was embarrassed by his nails. Rong said to the messenger, "I wish the crime would stop at me, but can you get it all?" Son Xu Jin said, "Do you see any finished eggs under the nest?" Find and receive.
To annotate ...
(1) "Kong Rong" sentence: Here is the story of Kong Rong being arrested by Cao Cao. Chinese and foreign: inside and outside the imperial court.
2 nail cutting game: a game played by children. Yes: completely. (jù) Rong: A face of fear.
Adult: Used as a courtesy title for father. End: complete, press: this sentence means that the main body is overthrown, and the affiliated things are not spared and will be affected by it.
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Kong Rong was arrested, and both inside and outside the court were terrified. At that time, Kong Rong's son was only nine years old, and the youngest was eight. The two children are still playing the game of nail cutting, and they are not afraid at all. Kong Rong said to the emissary who came to arrest him, "I hope the punishment is confined to myself. Can two children save their lives? " At this time, the son calmly stepped forward and said, "Did Dad ever see a complete egg under the overturned bird's nest?" Immediately, the task of arresting two sons came.
(6) Chen Zhonggong, Yingchuan satrap. The guest asked Fiona Fang, "What about the government?" Fiona Fang said: "Xian Wang also." "What's the first step?" Yue: "Loyal ministers and dutiful sons are also." The guest said: "Yi said:' If two people get together, they will break off; A person's words stink like blue. How can there be a wise king but a loyal minister and dutiful son? "Fiona Fang said," the first step is ridiculous! So I don't answer. " The guest said, "My first step is because (6) is respectful, so I can't answer (4). Fiona Fang said, "In the past, Emperor Gaozong asked his son to honor himself, Yin Jifu asked his son Bai Hua, and Dong Zhongshu asked his son to have a symbol. Only these three kings, wise kings; Only these three sons are loyal ministers and dutiful sons. " The guest retired in shame.
To annotate ...
① Kun (kūn): ancient punishment for shaving a man's hair. Chen Zhonggong: See note 1 in Article 6 of Virtue. Chen Zhonggong was arrested twice. On one occasion, after serving as the head of Qiu, he was implicated in catching party member and was released after being pardoned. Chen Zhonggong, Chen Shiren, Zhong Gong, was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
2 "two people" sentence: These two sentences are used to show that the good king and the loyal minister are so United. Gold: metal. Smell (XIU): Smell.
3 He Qi: How did this happen? This means a lot.
4 "one step at a time" sentence: This sentence means that Fiona Fang can't answer, so he says it's not worth answering. Just like a hunchbacked person, he bends over and pretends to respect others.
⑤ Filial piety: The son of Wu Ding, Emperor Gaozong of Yin Dynasty, showed the most filial piety to his parents. Later, Emperor Gaozong was puzzled by his later wife and exiled him to death. Baihua: The son of Yin Jifu, a courtier of Zhou Dynasty, served his stepmother in filial piety, but was framed by her stepmother and exiled by her father. Fu Qi: This matter is unknown.
(6) hunchback.
Fiona Fang, Shao Chen, son of Chen Shi.
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Yingchuan satrap sentenced Chen Zhonggong to death. A guest asked Fiona Fang, the son of Chen Zhonggong, "Where is the Taishou?" Fiona Fang said, "He is a noble and intelligent man." Ask again: "How is your father?" Fiona Fang said: "He is a loyal minister and a dutiful son." The guest said: "The Book of Changes said:' Two people are as one as a steel knife, and a sharp blade can cut metal; The heart has a heart, and it smells like orchid. "So, how can a noble and wise man punish a loyal minister and a dutiful son? Fiona Fang said, "What you said is ridiculous! So I won't answer you. "The guest said," You just bow your back as a gift, so you can't answer. "Fiona Fang said:" In the past, Emperor Gaozong exiled his filial son and filial piety; Yin exiled his son Bai Hua and Dong Zhongshu exiled his son Fu Qi. These three fathers are just noble and wise people; These three sons are just loyal ministers and dutiful sons. " The guest left in shame.
Qihuang sheep
(7) Xun Ciming met July in Runan and asked Yingchuan people that Ci Ming came first and his brother came last. He smiled and said, "Stan, is it just because you are getting old?" Ci Ming said, "What is the basis for the difficulty of stepping?" He said, "You ask the gentleman because of your ears!" Ci Ming said, "In the past, Qi didn't lose his son, but he didn't lose his revenge. He thought it was the highest public. Gong Dan's poem "Wang Wen" eulogizes the virtues of Yao and Shun, and the meaning of kissing is also 5. Spring and Autumn Annals refers to the summer outside the country. And people who love others but not their loved ones are immoral, aren't they? "
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1 Cause: Dependence.
② Meridian: routine; Principle.
(3) Guo Shi: a talented and virtuous person who is respected by the people of the whole country. You: strange; Ask questions.
(4) Qi: A native of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, once served as a lieutenant. When the State of Qi retired in his later years, Duke Mourn of Jin asked his successor that he recommended his enemy to solve the fox. Xie Hu died just before he took office. Jin Wengong invited Xi of Qi, and Xi of Qi recommended his son Wuqi. Everyone praised Qi for recommending talents.
⑤ Gong Dan: Zhou Gongdan. Duke of Zhou, surnamed Ji, is a famous brother and uncle of Shan Yu, who assisted him. King Wen: The Book of Songs? Daya？ What's the matter with King Wen? Ten articles, including King Wen and Daming, praised the virtues of King Wen and King Wu respectively. There is no test for the author. One article, King Wen, is believed to have been written by Duke Zhou. Kiss: Love the person you love.
⑥ Spring and Autumn Annals: one of Confucian classics. It is the history book of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the first chronological history book in China. Xia: In ancient times, it refers to the vassal states belonging to the Han nationality. Violate (bèi) morality: violate morality.
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Xun Ciming met July in Runan County, and July asked about the talents in Yingchuan County. Ciming first mentioned his brothers. July sneered: "How can a man of talent and virtue be famous only by his relatives and friends?" Ciming said, "What do you blame me for?" July said: "I asked the Chinese just now, but you talked about your brother, so I blame you!" Ci Ming said: "In the past, when Qi recommended talents, he did not ignore his son at home and his enemies abroad. People think that he is the fairest. When Zhou Gongdan wrote King Wen, he did not describe the virtues of ancient emperors Yao and Shun, but praised Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang, which is in line with the great sense of loving the people. The principle of "Spring and Autumn Annals" is to regard yourself as a relative and the vassal state as a friend. Besides, isn't it a violation of moral principles to love others instead of your loved ones? "
(8) Call it a drum officer. In the first half of the first month of the first month, I took an examination of drums, and the title was "Yuyang Mixed Old". There is gold in Yuanyuan, and four people sit down and change their faces. Kong Rong said, "Calling a crime is trivial, and you can't invent the dream of a king." Wei Wu was ashamed and forgave it.
To annotate ...
① You (mí) Heng: A Jian 'an man in the late Han Dynasty. Kong Rong once recommended him to Cao Cao in Wang Wei, and Cao Cao wanted to meet him. He refused to read it. He had a complaint. Cao Cao was angry and wanted to humiliate him, so he was appointed as a drummer. Wei Wu: Cao Cao, who first named Wang Wei, became a force after Wang Wei's death. After his son Cao Pi ascended the throne to establish the State of Wei, he was honored as Emperor Wu. Chen: Demoted.
(2) Half-moon Drum Trial: Literati biography recorded this matter, saying, "The meeting will be held after August, and the drum festival trial will be held." F: Chicken legs. Yu Yang's participation in labor (sān zhuā): the name of drum songs, also known as participation in labor. Mix, pass three, that is, three; Old, chicken legs. Three always means that the musical form of drum music is three-stage, just like ancient music has three lanes and three stacks. This song was written by Mi Heng. It was named Yuyang, a story borrowed from the anti-Han movement in Chong Peng in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Chong Peng rebelled against Yu Yang in Youzhou, captured Ji Cheng and became a prince. Later, he was killed by his men. Mi Fei played this drum to satirize Cao Cao against Han. Describing drums as deep. Jinshi: refers to a musical instrument such as Zhong Qing.
(3) Xu (xū) righteousness: light punishment refers to prisoners who serve hard labor. According to the original note, Wu Ding, the monarch of Shang Dynasty, dreamed that heaven had given him a saint, so he asked Baigong to draw his face and look for it. Sure enough, he found a prisoner who was serving hard labor, that is, Fu Shuo, who later became a saint of Shang Dynasty.
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Mi Fei was punished as a drummer by Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei. In mid-August, when meeting with the conference guests to test the syllables of drums, Mi Heng waved a drumstick and played a song "Mixed Old". The low drums and the sound of stones moved the whole house. Kong Rong said: Mi Fei's sin is the same as Xu Yi's sin, but it can't trigger the dream of the wise man Wang Wei. "Wei Wudi was ashamed, so he pardoned Mi Zhu.
Pang Tong
(9) Pang Shiyuan of Nanjun heard that Sima Caode was in Yingchuan, so he waited for two thousand miles. Finally, when Cao De was picking mulberry, Shiyuan said from the car, "I heard that my husband is bringing Jin Zi, so there is no way to bend the rapids, so I can only hold the silk girl!" "Cao De said," get off. Children know the speed of evil and don't worry about the mystery of deviance. In the past, Bocheng became a coupling farmer and did not admire the glory of the princes. Sang Shu, Yuan Xian, is not easy to have an official. Where there are seats, there is a luxurious house. There is a fat horse and dozens of maids walking. That would be amazing! This is the reason why Xu's father and daughter are so generous, and it is also the reason why Yi and Qi sigh. Although you stole the title of Qin, you are as rich as an enemy, but it is not expensive. "Shi Yuan said," Your servant is born with drooping edges and corners, but I have no sense of justice. Don't beat Hong Zhong, don't cut the thunder drum, I don't know its sound. "
To annotate ...
(1) Pang Shiyuan: Pang Tong was born in Xiangyang at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He used to be a gongcao of Nanjun (he can participate in the government affairs of a county). When he was young, he visited Sima Qian. Sima Qian appreciated him very much and called him Feng Chu. Later from Liu Bei. Sima Cao De: Si Mahui, Cao De. Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong were recommended to Liu Bei. So: specially.
(2) With golden purple: with golden purple ribbon, it means to be a big official. Ribbon, that is, ribbon, is used to tie the golden seal. In Qin and Han dynasties, the prime minister and other senior officials only had gold seals and purple ribbons. The amount of rapids: the metaphor is very tolerant.
3 evil ways: ramps, paths.
4 Bocheng: Bocheng Gao. According to legend, when Yao was the king, Bo Tsuguko was a vassal. Later, when Yu became a monarch, Bo admitted that Yu did not talk about benevolence and righteousness, but only about rewards and punishments, so he resigned as a vassal and went home to farm. Joint tillage: an ancient farming method, that is, two people each hold a plow and plow the land side by side. Later, it generally refers to farming.
⑤ Yuan Xian: a disciple of Confucius, with the word Zisi. It is said that when he was in Shandong, his family was poor and shabby, so he used mulberry branches as hinges on the door. He doesn't want to be comfortable, so he plays the piano and sings.
⑥ Xu, father:. Xu Youjian (Yan)No. 1 Note ②. Xu You's friend Chao Fu also wanted to offer him the position, but he refused to accept it. Gu's two sons, Boyi and Shu Qi. When Gu died, the two brothers gave in to each other and refused to inherit. And they all ran away. Later, Zhou Wuwang unified the world, because it opposed Zhou Wuwang's crusade against the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, refused to eat the food of the Zhou Dynasty, and starved to death in shouyangshan. So: equivalent to "the reason ..."
⑦ Stealing Qin: At the end of the Warring States Period, Lv Buwei gave a pregnant concubine to King Chu of Qin and gave birth to Qin Shihuang. After Ying Zheng acceded to the throne, Lv Buwei was honored as the Prime Minister, known as Guan Zhong, which was called stealing Qin. In ancient times, four horses were used to drive a car, and four horses pulling the same car were called horses. A thousand horses means a thousand cars. The Analects of Confucius Ji said: Qi Jinggong had 4,000 horses, but after his death, people felt that he had no virtue to praise.
⑧ Vertical: namely, the frontier, the frontier.
Pet-name ruby "if not" sentence: This means that you can't understand Sima Caode's thoughts and learn from yourself without asking. Hong Zhong, the big clock. Good. Knock. Leigu, the name of drum, is a drum used to worship gods in ancient times.
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Pang Shiyuan of Nanjun heard that Sima Caode lived in Yingchuan, so he walked two thousand miles to visit him. When I got there, I met Cao De picking mulberry leaves. Tu Yuan said to Cao De in the car, "I heard that a gentleman should be a big official and do great things. How can he restrain the flow of the Yangtze River and do the work of a silkworm girl! " Cao De said, "You can get off for a while. You only know that it is fast to take the path, but you are not worried about getting lost. In the past, Bocheng would rather go home to farm than envy the glory of being a vassal; Yuan Xian would rather live in a shabby house than change the residence of a powerful person. Where you live, you have to live in a luxurious palace. You should be fat and light when you go out, and you should have dozens of ladies-in-waiting concubines to serve you, so that you can be different! This is the reason why hermits Xu You and Chao Fu felt deeply, and it is also the reason why upright officials Boyi and Shu Qi lamented deeply. Even if there is an official like Lv Buwei, a rich man like Qi Jinggong is not worthy of respect. " Ishihara said: "I was born in a remote place.
Fang, rarely see the truth. If you don't ring the bell or thunder drum, you don't know its sound. "
(10) Liu Gonggan committed the crime of disrespect. Wendi asked, "Why don't you care about Wen Xian directly?" Zhen replied, "I am sincere and short-lived, and your majesty is not careless."
To annotate ...
① Liu: Serina Liu, a famous poet, was one of the seven sons of Jian 'an. Cao Cao's son Cao Pi (later acceded to the throne as Wei Wendi). At a banquet, xelloss called his wife Zhen Shi out to visit. Many guests bowed to the ground, but Serina Liu looked up alone. This is a shame. Later, Cao Cao found out, arrested him and put him in prison, and sentenced him to hard labor. Press: Liu Zhen's conviction took place during the reign of Cao Cao, and it is not accurate to say that Cao Pi is the emperor. Suffer (Li): Suffer.
2 Wen Xian: Law and discipline.
3 mediocrity: mediocrity. (b √) Next: honorific title for the monarch. Mesh: French Open. Press: When I say "the net is not sparse", I actually politely refuse it where the French Open is too dense.
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Serina Liu was found disrespectful. Wei Wendi asked him, "Why don't you pay attention to law and order?" Serina Liu replied: "I am indeed mediocre and humble, but it is also because your majesty's French Open is not sparse enough."
Cao pi
(1 1) Yu Zhong and Zhong Hui have a bad reputation. On the 13th, Wei Wendi listened and said to his father Zhong You, "You can send your second son!" ② So see ③. Jade's face was covered with sweat, and the emperor said, "Why is your face covered with sweat?" Yu said to him, "I'm afraid of war and I'm sweating like a pulp." Question and answer session: "Why don't you sweat?" He said, "tremble, you dare not sweat."
To annotate ...
Yu Zhong and Zhong Hui: They are brothers. Yu Zhong, a young uncle, was very clever when he was a child. At the age of fourteen, he served as assistant minister of scattered riding and was later promoted to general riding. Zhong Hui, whose name is Shi Ji, was also very clever when he was a child and was considered a very important person. Later, he moved to General Zhenxi and Si Tuleideng, and was killed for plotting against imperialism. Honor: Good reputation.
② Zhong You: Ren Xiangguo.
3 late: the emperor's order.
War and panic: trembling with fear. Mud: Any viscous liquid can be called mud. Press: The word "hard" rhymes with "pulp".
⑤ Trembling: Trembling with fear. Press: Li and Chu also rhyme.
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Yu Zhong and Zhong Hui had a good reputation when they were teenagers. When Yu Zhong was thirteen, Wei Wendi heard about them and said to their father Zhong You, "You can call two children to see me!" So I asked to see you. Seeing Yu Zhong's face sweating, Wendy asked, "Why are you sweating?" Yu Zhong replied, "I'm afraid of war and I'm sweating like a pig." Wendi asked Zhong Hui again, "Why don't you sweat?" Zhong Hui replied: "tremble, you dare not sweat."
(12) When the Yu Zhong brothers were young, they slept on duty for their father during the day because they stole medicine and wine together. His father knows, and he is sleepy when he looks at it. Worship before drinking, and drink if you don't worship. Then asked why Yu worshipped, Yu said, "wine is a gift, and I dare not worship." He also asked why he didn't worship, and would say, "Stealing is indecent, so I don't worship."
To annotate ...
① "Yu Zhong" sentence: This story is similar to the story of the fourth Kong Wenju's second son stealing wine, probably the same thing, but the rumors are different. Cause: so; Just ...
② Muei: Pretend to be asleep.
Because of the limitation of the number of words to answer, and Baidu system always says that my answer is problematic.
For the original translations and annotations of the remaining dozens of articles, please refer to the link page of Resources below.