The most controversial person with Newton is robert hooke, who is 13 years older than Newton and a member of the Royal Society. This man is also a versatile physicist. He invented many things, such as hygrometer, rain gauge, spiral spring, universal joint and so on. Hooke's theorem that the deformation of an object is proportional to the external force is also famous. His life experience is similar to Newton's, but his jealousy is far from Newton's. He doesn't want to see this fledgling young man make a splash and suppress his own.
Hook's first mistake was Newton's reflecting telescope. He repeatedly criticized Newton's new invention, reflecting telescope, in the tone of his elders, and said that if he was given time, he would do much better. Not only that, Hooke insisted that Newton's paper was not published and that his optical theory was not worth mentioning.
Where did Newton, who was strong in nature, stand this, and a big war was triggered. Newton has been focusing on the study of optics in recent years, and the war was ignited from the field of optics, which lasted for six years.
At first, both of them were confined to the academic field, but Hooke was soon dwarfed. Although he is also a rare wizard, his intelligence is only a few trivial skills in front of the inscrutable Newton. Compared with Newton, Hooke's mathematical skills are not as good as others, and many experiments are also rough and sloppy. Newton has been conscientious in his studies, and Hooke's flaws can escape Newton's torch vision. He even found out the mistake of Hooke's magic weapon-microscope principle, and announced it in public.
Hooke was so angry that he also gathered the first-class European physicists to attack Newton's optical theory at that time. At that time, Newton's theory was not long-lasting, with a weak foundation and many loopholes. So Newton quickly made up for many defects while fighting back. In order to defend his point of view, he discovered the famous Newton's ring phenomenon in the experiment of 1675, which is also a very important discovery in optics.
Later, the argument between Newton and Hooke gradually turned into a personal attack. At this point, they are also diamond cut diamond. Hook's words were fierce and Newton's words were sharp, but no one could help anyone. Both of them are exhausted by this controversy, and the only benefit is optics itself. The development in recent years is the fastest in a hundred years.
Unexpectedly, there was another wave of unrest, and Leibniz, a great mathematician from Europe, had to compete with Newton for the invention of calculus. This storm was originally caused by Newton's good friend, another mathematician Collins.
Leibniz has just made his mark in the field of mathematics. When he was young, he came to England as a diplomatic envoy. Learning is really a challenge. The person sent by the Royal Society is Collins. This Leibniz is so excellent that he was refuted to pieces in a few words. How can we convince Collins? He took out Newton's manuscript locked in the cupboard, which contained the essence of Newton's mathematical thought, such as binomial theorem and flow method.
Leibniz was shocked at first sight and went back to China without saying a word. Although Collins lived up to his mission and won, he left a case in the academic circle. A few years later, Leibniz published the world's first paper on calculus. In less than six pages, he used better calculus symbols than Newton, and these symbols are still widely used today, but this cannot be said to be inspired by Newton's manuscripts.
Newton flew into a rage when he found out. With his strong personality, even if people all over the world are opposed to him, they will not necessarily give in. He immediately wrote a letter denouncing Leibniz, and since then, the two have been in constant contact and happy.
In the end, even Newton himself couldn't stand it. In a letter to Hooke, he wisely announced his withdrawal from the debate. The letter reads: "What Mr. Descartes did was to build a ladder, and you made it rise higher ... If I can see farther, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants."
The last sentence has been used to quote how humble Newton was, but everyone can see that Newton meant that I didn't notice any steps. I stand on the shoulders of giants, which is just a satire on Hooke. What is particularly amazing is that Newton was able to calm down and conceive the first scientific masterpiece "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" in recent years. In the book, he imitated Euclid's geometric kilometer system, combined the experience of predecessors and his own innovation, and laid the foundation of classical physics: the famous three laws of Newton. Story 2. Newton had a good brain when he was a child. He liked to make all kinds of toys, and he made them skillfully. 12
/kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, he went to middle school and lodged with a man who opened a pharmacy. He is an active little tenant,
Keep making some tricks, and make all kinds of strange toys with axes, saws and hammers. Once,
He made a small windmill. He caught a mouse alive and tied it to the pedal in front of the windmill wheel.
Board, put a corn in front of the mouse. The corn mouse can see but can't eat.
The hungry mouse ran to eat corn as fast as possible. Step by step, thus driving the windmill.
Steering wheel. On another occasion, he made a water clock out of a wooden box and a glass bottle. He poured a proper amount of water into the wood.
The water dripping from the box controls the rotation of the hour hand on the clock, and the water clock can drip on time at dawn every day.
His face, wake him up and urge him to study early.
Besides making all kinds of complicated mechanical toys and models, Newton also studied mirrors and lenses.
Mirror, study chemistry. He also likes painting very much, and often sketches with charcoal strokes on the wall of his bedroom. Leisure time
When he is quiet, he also likes to write poems.
/kloc-at the age of 0/4, he is full of ideals and constantly thinks about various problems in his study. However, his relatives
But he was not allowed to study, so he was taken to work in the fields and asked to farm for a living. In addition, learn to live.
Meaning. However, Newton didn't like it. He often studies secretly behind a small forest. His uncle
Father found out, so he shook his head and said to him helplessly, "Go back to reading, it's still you."
You are an idle big waste, or you are a great genius. "
/kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, Newton went to Cambridge University to study and stayed there after graduation. When he was 26, his teacher recommended him.
Go to Cambridge University. He has been engaged in scientific research and teaching activities at Cambridge University for 30 years, and
Great achievements have been made.
Once, Newton was sitting under an apple tree thinking, and suddenly an apple fell from the tree.
This ordinary and ordinary natural phenomenon aroused Newton's deep thought. He fell from the apple to the center of the earth.
The existence of force, the thought that this kind of gravity may exist in the whole universe at the same time, the thought of the earth and the whole sky.
The movement of the body, he concluded: "The law of the universe is the mutual attraction between mass and mass." pass by
Inspired by the fall of an apple, Newton finally discovered the law of gravity. In fact, the story of Apple's landing,
It just shows that Newton is diligent in thinking, and the discovery of the law of gravity is by no means a temporary inspiration.
In the future, it is the result of his continuous exploration on the basis of inheriting the scientific achievements of predecessors.