Question 1: When was Sima Qian born? Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC - 87 BC?), courtesy name Zichang, was born in Xia Yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi Province) in the Western Han Dynasty, China The great historians, thinkers, and writers of ancient times were revered as "Historical Saints" by later generations. His greatest contribution was the creation of China's first biographical general history, "Shi Ji" (originally known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu"). The book records a history of more than 3,000 years, starting from the Huangdi era in ancient Chinese legends to 101 BC (the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), and is considered a model of Chinese history books.

Question 2: Which dynasty did Sima Qian come from? The Western Han Dynasty

Question 3: Which dynasty did Sima Qian come from? What kind of person was he? Historian of the Western Han Dynasty

Question Four: What are the characteristics of the era in which Sima Qian lived? Sima Qian was a person during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu proposed the "unification of the Spring and Autumn Period" and "deposed hundreds of schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", insisting that Confucianism should be the foundation of the country. In view of the overthrow of the Qin Dynasty's harsh rule, the consciousness of the ruling class Realizing the necessity of benevolent government to maintain the stable rule of the dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted his ideas. From then on, Confucianism became orthodox thought. Dong Zhongshu developed the parts of Taoism, Yin-Yangism and Confucianism that were conducive to the rule of feudal emperors in specific policies, and formed New Confucianism. During the popularization of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty, many social problems were solved. Confucianism tends to use benevolent governance to manage the country. Politicians use this as a basis to limit excessive concentration of land and establish a complete moral system. Policies including "restricting the name of the people's land to prevent deficiencies" and "three cardinal principles and five constant principles" were proposed.

Question 5: Which dynasty did Sima Qian belong to? Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC - 87 BC?), courtesy name Zichang, was born in Xiayang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi, or Hejin, Shanxi) in the Western Han Dynasty. He was a great historian, thinker, and writer in ancient China. He was respectfully called "" "Historical Saint". His greatest contribution was the creation of China's first biographical general history, "Shi Ji" (originally known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu"). This book records the events of more than 3,000 years, starting from the Huangdi era in ancient Chinese legends, to 101 BC (the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), spanning more than 3,000 years, and is considered a model of Chinese history books.

Question 6: Which dynasty was Sima Qian from? A historian and writer of the Western Han Dynasty. Zi Chang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in Xiayang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province). He was born in the fifth year of Zhongyuan (145 BC) of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty. It is said that he was born in the sixth year of Jianyuan (135 BC) of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The year of his death cannot be determined. Sima Qian began to study ancient book biographies at the age of 10. Around the years of Yuanguang and Yuanshuo during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he studied "Gongyang Chunqiu" from Dong Zhongshu, a modern writer, and "Guwen Shangshu" from Kong An, an ancient writer. When he was 20 years old, he traveled south from Chang'an, the capital, and traveled throughout the Yangtze and Huaihe River basins and the Central Plains, inspecting customs and collecting legends wherever he went. Soon he became a doctor and became the bodyguard and retinue of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He accompanied him on many western tours and was once sent as an envoy to Bashu. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108 BC), Sima Qian inherited the post of his father Sima Tan and was appointed Taishi Ling, in charge of astronomy, calendar and royal books, so he could read the books collected by historians. In the first year of Taichu (104 BC), the "Taichu Calendar" was established with Tang Du, Luo Xiahong and others to replace the "Zhuanxu Calendar" inherited from Qin. The new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. After that, Sima Qian began to write "Historical Records". Later, he was convicted and imprisoned for defending Li Ling, who surrendered to the Huns.

After he was released from prison, he served as Zhongshu Ling, continued to write books vigorously, and finally completed the writing of "Historical Records". People call this book "Tai Shi Gong Shu". It is China's first biographical general history and has a profound influence on later historiography. "Historical Records" has vivid language and vivid images, and is also an excellent literary work. Sima Qian also wrote the "Book of Bao Ren'an", which described his imprisonment and torture and his ambition to write a book, which has been praised by generations.

Sima Qian is a great historian in Chinese history. He was castrated for speaking out and admonishing. However, he became even more enthusiastic about writing books and created the famous historian's "Historical Records" at all times and at home and abroad, which served the Chinese people. The people of the world have left behind a precious cultural heritage. 1. Following his father’s will and serving as a historian

Sima Qian, the eldest son of Yu, was born at the foot of Longmen Mountain (in today’s Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province) at the foot of Longmen Mountain in the fifth year of Zhongyuan Dynasty (145 BC), Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty.

In the third year of Yuanfeng (108 BC), Sima Qian inherited the legacy of his father Sima Tan, became the Taishi Ling, and began to compile and select historical classics from the royal library. Sima Qian's ancestors were not very prominent, and his family had been in charge of the official position of Taishi for generations. But Sima Qian and his father were both proud of it. In their minds, compiling history was a noble cause. They devoted their whole life to this.

Sima Tan has always been preparing to write a history book that connects ancient and modern times. Under the direct instruction of his father, Sima Qian began to study ancient Chinese at the age of ten. Later, he studied "Spring and Autumn" with Dong Zhongshu and "Shangshu" with Kong Anguo. Sima Qian studied hard, made rapid progress, and had a great spirit of research.

When Sima Qian's father was critically ill, he held his son's hand and said to him with tears:...After I die, you must continue to be Taishi. Never forget my life. I hope to write a general history.

You must inherit my career, don’t forget it! This sincere instruction greatly shocked Sima Qian. He saw his father’s rare sense of mission and responsibility as a historian, and he also knew that his father had entrusted his unfinished career in his life. On one's own body. Sima Qian lowered his head, shed tears, and promised sadly and firmly: "Son, although I have no talent, I will definitely fulfill your wish."

After Sima Qian became the Taishi Ling, he had the opportunity to read books and important information that could not be seen outside. This provided him with good conditions for his subsequent writing of "Historical Records". However, the data compilation work is very complicated. Since the book collections and national archives at that time were in disarray, and there was not even a catalog that could be searched, Sima Qian had to find clues from a large number of wooden slips and silk books to organize and verify historical materials. For several years, Sima Qian racked his brains and efforts, burying his head in sorting and researching historical materials almost every day.

Sima Qian always remembered his father's legacy. He was determined to follow Confucius' example in compiling "Spring and Autumn" and write a historical work that would also be immortal. In 104 BC, while presiding over the revision of the calendar, Sima Qian officially started writing his great book "Historical Records" top

2. Speaking outright about being castrated

In the second year of Tianhan (AD 99 BC), when Sima Qian was devoting himself to writing "Historical Records", he encountered a sudden disaster. This was the Li Ling Incident.

In the summer of this year, Emperor Wu sent Li Guangli, the brother of his favorite concubine Mrs. Li and the general of the second division, to lead troops to attack the Huns. He also sent Li Guang's grandson, Lieutenant General Li Ling, to accompany Li Guangli to escort the baggage. Li Guang led five thousand infantrymen out of Juyan, and the lone army went deep into Junji Mountain...>>

Question 7: Which dynasty was Sima Qian from? Sima Qian (during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty in 145 BC during the Zhongyuan Dynasty) The ninth year of the second lunar month of Bingshen in the fifth year/135 BC - 90 BC/86 BC), with the courtesy name Zichang, was born in Xiayang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi Province), Zuofeng Yi. A famous historian and writer in ancient China. A person from the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. He was also called Shi Qian and Tai Shi Gong by later generations.

Question 8: Which dynasty did Sima Qian come from? Sima Qian (a writer, historian, and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty) Editor

Sima Qian (145 BC - 90 BC), courtesy name Zi Chang was a native of Xia Yang (now south of Hancheng, Shaanxi), and a native of Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi)[1]. A great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty of China. Sima Tan's son was appointed Taishi Ling. He was castrated for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and was later appointed Zhongshu Ling. He worked hard to complete the historical books he wrote, and was honored as Shi Qian, Tai Shi Gong and the Father of History by later generations.

Sima Qian studied under Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu in his early years. He traveled around various places, learned about customs and collected rumors. When he was first appointed as a doctor, he was envoy to the southwest. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108 BC), he was appointed Taishi Ling, inherited his father's business, and wrote history. With his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between heaven and man, understanding the changes of ancient and modern times, and becoming a family", he created China's first biographical general history "Shiji" (originally known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu"). It is recognized as a model of Chinese history books. This book records a history of more than 3,000 years from the Huangdi period in ancient legends to the first year of Yuanshou, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is the first of the "Twenty-Five Histories" and was praised by Lu Xun. "The historian's swan song, the rhymeless Li Sao".

Character Relationship

Correction

Chinese name Sima Qian Alias ??Sima Zichang Nationality Western Han Ethnic Han Birthplace Longmen (now Hancheng, Shaanxi or Hejin, Shanxi) Born Date: 145 BC. Date of death cannot be determined. Professional historian and litterateur. Main achievements include compilation of "Historical Records" and creation of biographical historiographic representative works "Historical Records" and "Report to Ren Shaoqing". Official position Taishi Ling

Contents

1 Life of the character

? Early experience

? Studying the world

? Returning to the court as an official

? Father's legacy Destiny

? Personal values ??of ancient and modern sages

? Discussion of changing the calendar

? Suffering from corruption

? History Remembers Biography

? Literature and history

? Thought

? Astronomy

? Famous quotes

3 Family Lineage

4 Historical evaluation

Biographical editor

Early experience

During the Jing and Wu years of the Western Han Dynasty (time unknown), at Longmen of the Yellow River Sima Qian was born in a well-off family. [1] [2] Sima Qian's grandfather Sima Xi, under the policy of Emperor Wenwen of the Han Dynasty, who ordered Li Mi to receive titles to serve as frontier soldiers, used four thousand stones of Li rice in exchange for the title of ninth- and fifth-level officials, so the whole family was exempted from corvee service. [3]

The young Sima Qian learned calligraphy and reading under the guidance of his father Sima Tan. At the age of ten, he could read and recite the ancient texts "Shang Shu", "Zuo Zhuan", "Guo Yu" and "Xi Ben" [4] and other books. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian was appointed as Taishi Ling in Chang'an, the capital of the Han Dynasty[5], while Sima Qian stayed in his hometown in Longmen, practiced hard, and continued his career of farming, studying and herding.

[1]

Learn to travel around the world

When he was a little older, Sima Qian left his hometown in Longmen and came to the capital to be with his father. At this time, Sima Qian had already achieved some success in his studies, so Sima Tan instructed Sima Qian to visit the mountains and rivers to collect the remains and ancient events, and to collect and release the lost old news[6]. Sima Qian began to travel around the world when he was twenty years old [7-14]. He set out from the capital Chang'an and traveled southeast, leaving Wuguan to Wan. Go south to Xiangfan to Jiangling. Cross the river, trace the Yuanshui River to western Hunan, and then turn southeast to Jiuyi. After taking a look at Jiu Sui, he went north to Changsha and paid his respects to the place where Qu Yuan sank in the old Luo River. He crossed the Dongting, exited the Yangtze River and went eastward. Climb Mount Lu, watch Yu dredge Jiujiang, and then turn to Qiantang. Go to Kuaiji and explore Yu's point. Wu also traveled to the palace of Shenjun to watch spring. Go up to Gusu and look at the five lakes. After that, we crossed the river north, passed Huaiyin, and went to Linzi and Qufu. We inspected the culture of the Qilu region and observed the legacy left by Confucius. We were trapped in Po, Xue, and Pengcheng, and then followed the hometown of Chu-Han, a historical figure who was in great turmoil during the Qin and Han Dynasties. The battlefield of the battle passed through Pengcheng, Lipei, Feng, Dang, and Suiyang, to Liang (now Kaifeng, Henan), and returned to his father Sima Tan, who was the Taishi Ling at the time in Chang'an. [15-16]

Returned to the court and became an official

Because of his father Sima Tan, Sima moved back to Beijing and became a doctor [17-18].

In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Marquis Chiyi was ordered to pacify the southwestern barbarians. Zhonglang generals Guo Chang and Wei Guang led the troops of the Eighth School Lieutenants to break through Qielan and pacify the southwestern barbarians. Yelang was frightened and asked himself to join the court as a minister. The Han army also executed Lord Qiong and killed Marquis Zuo. Ran was frightened and asked his ministers to appoint officials. Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established five counties in Southwest Yi: Wudu, Ke, Yue, Shenli and Wenshan.

At this time, Sima Qian, who was accompanying Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty on his eastward tour to visit the Gou family, was sent to the southwest again after Tang Meng, Sima Xiangru, and Gongsun Hong. He was sent to the south of Ba and Shu to plan the construction of new counties... .>>