Who is the great calligrapher?

1, Wang Xizhi

Wang Xizhi (303-36 1 year), Han nationality, has several words, named Lian Zhai. He was more than seven feet long (1.83m), his ancestral home was Linyi (now Shandong), and later he moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), where he became a general of the Right Army. His son Wang Xianzhi's handwriting is also very good. People call them "Two Kings", and another son, Wang Ningzhi, is a general of the right army, and is called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Guas in cursive script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Mourning, Preface to Lanting Collection in Running Script, etc. Intensive study of body posture, imitation of heart and pursuit of hand, learning from others' strengths, and casting in one furnace created a running script of "natural, rich in gods and the world", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations. Among them, Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection is highly praised by calligraphers and is called "the best running script in the world". Wang Xizhi has profound attainments in original works, cursive script and calligraphy. Modern Liu Duo once praised Wang Xizhi's calligraphy: "The only good word is Wang Xizhi".

2. Yan Zhenqing

Yan Zhenqing (709-785) was an outstanding calligrapher and a great patriot in the Tang Dynasty. Han nationality, word, Langya filial piety (now Zhuman Village, Fei County, Linyi City). His great-grandfather, grandfather and father all made official seals, and his mother Yin was also good at calligraphy. His "Yan Ti" regular script, together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun, is also called "the four masters of regular script".

3. Liu Gongquan

Liu Gongquan (778 -865), whose real name is Cheng Xuan, was born in Jingzhao, Tang Dynasty. He was a prince, who was called "Liu" in the world. Because he was also named Duke of Hedong by the emperor, later generations also called him "Liu Hedong". He is a descendant of Yan Zhenqing, and later called them "Yan Liu", which became a model of calligraphy in past dynasties. Together with Zhao Mengfu, Yan Zhenqing and Ou Yangxun, they are also called "Four Great Calligraphers". Liu Gongquan, the last great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province. He inherited the calligraphy structure of his predecessors and created the so-called "six-body", which was a model for later generations until he entered the printing age. His calligraphy incarnates thousands and spreads among the people and even abroad. His calligraphy was always valued in Tang Muzong, Jing Zong and Wenzong. He lived an official life, grew up in the Forbidden City and had a successful career. Emperor Wenzong called his words "Zhong Wang resurrected, but it is hard to see with a pen": Emperor Mu Zongdi asked him how to use a pen best, and he said, "Use a pen in your heart, and your heart is right." This famous saying was passed down by later generations as a story of "pen admonition" "Liu Ti" is as famous as "Yan Ti", also known as "Yan Liu Jin Gu".

4. Huang Tingjian

Huang Tingjian (1045- 1 105), whose real name was Fuweng, also known as Huang, was born in Fenning, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi). Poets, poets and calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty were the founders of Jiangxi Poetry School. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. Professor Ye Xianwei from Beijing, Professor Lang Xianping from imperial academy, School Book Lang, Cao Zuolang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Guizhou Resettlement House, etc. Zhe is known as "proofreader" and "collator". Hou Zhuo lives in the house. Shao Shengchu's new party called it "pseudo" to compile history, demoted Fuzhou (now Fuling, Chongqing) and moved Rongzhou (now Yibin, Sichuan) to Guizhou and other places. Hui Zongchu, Yizhou was detained. Song Yingzong was a scholar in four years of Pingping, and Shao Shengchu was demoted because he was a proofreader. Later, when the new party came to power, it was repeatedly relegated and died in Yizhou (now Yishan, Guangxi).

Good at writing, poetry, especially calligraphy. The poetic style is strange, thin and hard, and it is difficult to get rid of vulgar habits and create a generation of ethos. In his early years, he was known by Su Shi, and he was also called "Four Bachelor of Su Men" with, Chao and Qin Guan. Poetry and Su Shi are also called "Su Huang", and there is also The Collected Works of Mr. Huang. Along with Qin Guan, there are also "Guqin Interesting Tales" and "Mr. Huang's Ci". Ci is romantic and heroic, close to Su Shi, and is the ancestor of Jiangxi Poetry School. Chao Bu Zhi said: "Lu Zhi's interplay of small words is solid and wonderful, but he is not a language expert, so he sings good poems in his own tone." (See "The Poet's Jade Chips") There are many other slang words that cannot be avoided. There is "Valley Ci", also known as "Valley Qin Interesting Chapter". The main ink marks are Song Fengge Poetry, Hua Yanshu, Jingfubo Temple, Duxi, Li Bai's Nostalgia for Ancient Poems and Kuzhun Fu. For book reviews, see Jin Lun Book, On Books, He Qingfang and Shi Gu Tang Shu Hua Ji. Huang Tingjian is one of the four sons of Su Men. His poems are as famous as those of Su Shi, and he is called "Su Huang". His poetic style is peculiar, thin and blunt, and he strongly refuses to belittle vulgar habits. Advocate a generation of ethos and be the originator of Jiangxi poetry school. Exquisite calligraphy, and Su, Mi and Cai are also called "". Ci is as famous as Qin Guan, but its artistic achievements are not as good as Qin Guan. In his later years, he had a close relationship with Su Shi, with a thin style of ci, deep feelings, bold and elegant, and sometimes brilliant.

5. Huai Su

Huai Su is an outstanding calligrapher in the history of China. His cursive script is called "Crazy Grass". His pen is round and powerful, making it turn like a ring, unrestrained and smooth, just like Zhang Xu. Later generations called it "Zhang Dian vegetarian" or "drunk". It can be said that it is a classical romantic art, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. He also wrote poems and had contacts with poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Su Xun. Good at drinking, whenever drinking rises, regardless of walls, clothes, utensils, arbitrary writing, when people call it a "drunken monk." His cursive script was written by Zhang Zhi and Zhang Xu. Lu Tang, the general manager, said in his reading review: "Huai Su's cursive script changes at will with the help of electricity, and Huai Su's book is listed as a wonderful work in The Continuation of Books by Song and Zhu. The commentary said: "If a strong man draws his sword, the color of the gods will be moving. "Huai Su grew up smart and studious. When I was 65,438+00 years old, I suddenly felt homesick, and my parents couldn't stop me. In his autobiography, he said straight away: "Huai Su lives in Changsha, a young Buddhist. After meditation, he likes writing quite much. "His spirit of studying hard and practicing hard is amazing. Because he couldn't afford to buy paper, Huai Su found a board and a disc and painted it with white paint to write. Later, Huai Su thought the lacquer board was smooth and not easy to ink, so he planted more than 10,000 plantains on a wasteland near the temple. When the banana grew up, he picked the leaves and spread them on the table, waving at the post. Because Huai Su practiced calligraphy day and night, the old banana leaves were peeled off and the lobules were reluctant to pick, so he thought of a way to stand in front of the banana tree with pen and ink and write to the fresh leaves, even if the sun shone on him like a frying pan; The biting north wind cracked his hands and skin, but he kept practicing calligraphy regardless. He kept writing about one place after another. This is the famous calligraphy practice of Huai Su Banana.

6. Su Shi

Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. He studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and made innovations under the influence of Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi. The end of the pen is ups and downs, naive. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong also learned from him in the Qing Dynasty, which shows the great influence. Huang Tingjian said in Valley Collection: "Those who are good at books in this dynasty should take (Su) as the first." Su Shi draws ink and bamboo in his paintings, drawing lessons from the same style of writing (that is, writing is capable), which is more concise than writing and has the potential to dance. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making strange stones. Mi Fei also said: "As a dead branch, bending is unreasonable; The stone is hard and strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in his chest. " It can be seen that his paintings are very strange and he wants to send them far away. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence.