Su Ting blows fire and reads books. "Many fathers often mix with their servants and are eager to learn. Every time I want to study, there are always no lights and candles. I tasted in the stable and read by the fire. Too bitter. "
Chang Lin belt plough and hoe. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Chang Lin said, "I am eager to learn, and I have a plow and hoe. His wife often pays for it herself. Although Lin is in the field, he respects each other like a guest. "
Shimi hung the book in the corner. Shi Mi of Sui Dynasty was sent to the court of Yang Di as a bodyguard when she was a teenager. He is naturally flexible. When he was on duty, he looked around and was discovered by Emperor Yang Di. He thought the boy was dishonest, so he was excused from his job. Shi Biao is not depressed. After returning home, he studied hard and determined to be a learned man. Once, Shimi rode an ox to meet his friends. On the way, he hung Hanshu on the loudspeaker and took the time to study. This incident was passed down as a much-told story.
Dong Zhongshu didn't peek into the garden for three years. Dong Zhongshu devoted himself to research and worked tirelessly. Although there is a garden behind the study, he concentrated on reading and studying, and did not go into the garden to enjoy it for three years. Dong Zhongshu devoted himself to research and became a famous thinker in the Western Han Dynasty.
Youning sat down. Guan Ning and Hua Xin were old friends in the Han Dynasty. One day, two people were reading at the same table, and some dignitaries passed by by by car. Guan Ning was undisturbed, studying as usual, and Hua Xin went out to see it, envious. Guan Ning saw that Hua Xin and his friends were not really like-minded, so he cut the table and sat down. Guan Ning finally made a career!
Kuang Heng stole the light. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a particularly learned man named Kuang Heng. When Kuang Heng was a child, his family was poor. In order to study, he chiseled through the wall of his neighbor's illiterate home and stole a candle to read, which finally touched his neighbor's illiteracy. With everyone's help, Kuang Heng Jr. learned something. During the Han and Yuan Dynasties, he served as a doctor, and was recommended by Shi Gao, a general of Fu and Che Qi, and moved to be a doctor.
Che Yin capsule fireflies read at night. Che Yin was born in Nanping (now Hubei Public Security Bureau) in Jin Dynasty. He comes from a poor family, but he studies very hard. "The poor don't often produce oil, but Xia Yue practices holding dozens of fireflies to shoot books, day and night." The story of Zhao reading has been circulated in history as a beautiful conversation, inspiring later scholars.
Chen Ping endured humiliation and studied hard. Chen Ping was famous in the Western Han Dynasty. When he was young, his family was poor and he lived alone with his brother. In order to maintain his father's orders, he was brilliant, childless and studied behind closed doors, but he could not get his sister-in-law's permission. In order to eliminate the contradiction between brother and sister, he endured humiliation again and again. With the intensification of his sister-in-law, he finally ran away from home and wanted to travel around the world. After being rescued by his brother, he no longer cared about the past. Finally, an old man came here to teach for free. After he finished his studies, he assisted Liu Bang and achieved great success.
Lu Yu abandoned Buddhism and joined the literature. Lu Yu, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, was an orphan since he was a child, and was raised by a Zen master. Although Lu Yu is in a temple, he doesn't want to read Buddhist scriptures all day, but he likes reading poetry books. Lu Yu insisted on going down the mountain to study, which was opposed by the Zen master. In order to give Lu Yu a difficult problem, the Zen master better educated him and made him learn to make tea. In the process of learning tea art, Lu Yu met a kind old woman. She not only learned complicated tea-making skills, but also learned a lot about reading and being a man. When Lu Yu finally brought the Zen master a steaming cup of Kuding tea, the Zen master finally agreed to his request and went down the mountain to study. Later, Lu Yu wrote the widely circulated Tea Classic, which promoted the tea culture of the motherland!
Juvenile Bao Zheng learns to solve crimes. Bao Qingtian and Bao Zheng, smart and studious since childhood, especially like to solve crimes by reasoning. His father was in close contact with the magistrate, and Bao Zheng learned a lot about solving crimes since childhood. Especially in the case of burning a temple to kill a monk, Bao Zheng peeled silk according to the clues on the spot, screened out the suspects, and pretended to be the king of Yan, trying to clarify the truth and help the magistrate catch the murderer and kill the people. He worked hard to learn the knowledge of law and punishment, which laid a deep knowledge foundation for solving crimes and vindicating the people like a god when he grew up.
Wan Sitong studied hard behind closed doors. Wan Sitong, a famous scholar and historian in the early Qing Dynasty, participated in the compilation of Twenty-four History, an important historical book of China. But Wan Sitong was also a naughty boy when he was young. Wan Sitong was criticized by the guests because he was naughty and lost face in front of them. In a rage, Wan Sitong overturned the guest's desk and was put into the library by his father. Wan Sitong went from being angry and disgusted with reading to thinking behind closed doors. Inspired by the Book of Tea, he began to study hard. In a blink of an eye, more than a year has passed. Wan Sitong has read many books in the library. His father forgave his son, and Wan Sitong understood his father's kindness. After long-term efforts, Wan Sitong finally became a well-known scholar who was familiar with history books, and participated in the compilation of Ming History in Twenty-four History.
Tang Bohu devoted himself to painting. Tang Bohu was a famous painter and writer in Ming Dynasty. When he was young, he showed superhuman talent in painting. As a disciple of the great painter Shen Zhou, Tang Bohu naturally studied harder, quickly mastered the painting skills, and was highly praised by Shen Zhou. Unexpectedly, due to Shen Zhou's praise, Tang Bohu, who has always been modest, gradually became complacent. Shen Zhou see in the eye, in mind. During a meal, Shen Zhou asked Tang Bohu to open the window. Tang Bohu found that his window was actually a painting by Teacher Shen Zhou. Tang Bohu felt very ashamed and devoted himself to painting.
Qu Yuan studied hard in the cave. When Qu Yuan was a child, he hid in a cave and secretly read the Book of Songs, regardless of the opposition of his elders. For three years, he familiarized himself with 305 Poems of the Book of Songs, and gained rich nutrition from these folk songs, eventually becoming a great poet.
Fan Zhongyan broke horseshoe crabs and rowed porridge. Fan Zhongyan grew up in a poor family. In order to study, he scrimped and saved. Finally, his thirst for knowledge moved the temple elders, who sent him to Du Nan College to study. Fan Zhongyan still insists on simple living habits and does not accept gifts from rich children to sharpen his will. After studying hard, he finally became a great writer.
Sima guang's police pillow is inspirational. Sima Guang is a child who loves to play and sleep, so he has been punished by his husband and laughed at by his peers. Under his inculcation, he is determined to get rid of the bad habit of sleeping. In order to get up early, he drank a full stomach of water before going to bed, but he didn't wake up in the morning, but peed in bed. So smart Sima Guang made a police pillow out of logs. As soon as I turn over in the morning, my head slides on the bed board.
Xuanzang studied Buddhism hard. Xuanzang was a monk in the Tang Dynasty. In order to obtain the original Buddhist scriptures, Xuanzang left Chang 'an in August of the third year of Zhenguan, trudged to Wan Li and finally arrived in India. It lasted 17 years, and he wrote The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang, which made great contributions to Buddhism, human progress and world civilization.
Yue Fei studied art. Yue Fei, a national hero, was born in troubled times and grew up in a poor family. With the support of his neighbors, he learned martial arts from Zhou Tong, a famous Shaanxi teacher. During this period, he witnessed the broken mountains and rivers, displaced people, sprouted the ambition of learning to serve the country and overcame complacency. Under the careful instruction of the famous teacher Zhou Tong, he eventually became a Yue family thief, and led Wang Gui, Tang Xian and other partners to join the patriotic torrent of resisting gold and saving the country.
Li Guizhen learned to draw tigers. Li Guizhen, a famous tiger painter in the Five Dynasties, liked painting since childhood, especially tigers. However, because he has never seen a real tiger, he always paints it as a sick cat. So he decided to go deep into the forest to see the real tiger. With the help of Uncle Orion, he finally saw the real tiger. Through a lot of sketching and copying, his tiger painting skills have advanced by leaps and bounds, and the tigers in his works are vivid and confusing. Since then, he has traveled many famous mountains and rivers for most of his life, met many birds and animals, and finally became a generation of painting masters.
Shen Kuo went up the mountain to see peach blossoms. "In April, the flowers in the world are exhausted, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are open." When reading this poem, Shen Kuo's eyebrows condensed into a knot. "Why are the flowers here defeated and the peach blossoms on the mountain open?" In order to solve this mystery, Shen Kuo and some friends made a field trip in the mountains. On the mountain in April, it was warm and cold at first sight, and the cool wind came, making people tremble with cold, and Shen Kuo was in full bloom. It turns out that the temperature on the mountain is much lower than that under the mountain, so the flower season comes later than that under the mountain. With this spirit of searching and empirical method, Shen Kuo wrote Meng Qian's Pen Talk when he grew up.
Xu Xiake is full of the world. One day, a strange thing happened by the river. Many people are salvaging the fallen stone lion, but they can't find it. At this time, a child named Xu Xiake said that as long as you go up the river, you can find the stone lion. Sure enough, the stone lion was found, and everyone praised the child for his cleverness. It turned out that he was Xu Xiake who became a great geographer and traveler when he grew up.
Li Sheng became an archer. Li Sheng's father is a great general, and Li Sheng hopes to be like his father when he grows up. However, my father always said that he was too young to practice martial arts. Not content with this, Li Sheng secretly learned archery and eventually became an archer, which impressed his father.
Lu You studies very hard. Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, was diligent, sensitive and studious since childhood. In his family, there are books on the desk, books in the cupboard and books on the bed. This is called a book nest. He is diligent in writing, leaving more than 9000 poems in his life and becoming an outstanding great writer in the history of our country.
Liu Xie borrowed a Buddhist temple. Late at night, the voice of reading suddenly came from the Buddhist temple. The young monk was frightened and thought there was a ghost inside, so he immediately reported it to the old monk. So the old monk led the young monk to catch ghosts. Unexpectedly, the "ghost" turned out to be a poor boy named Liu Xie, who was reading with a Buddha lamp. After studying hard, Liu Xie finally became a great writer.
Yan Ruoqu stammered. Yan Ruoqu, a famous textual research scholar, was a stuttering child when he was a child. He is often laughed at and bullied by everyone. Encouraged by her mother and teachers, Yan Ruoqu studied hard and made several efforts to catch up with her normal classmates. Since then, Yan Ruoqu has become a famous scholar with this spirit of being eager to learn and willing to endure hardships.
Read thousands of books. Gu, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, had a very unfortunate childhood, and smallpox almost killed him. Although weak and sick, under the guidance and encouragement of his mother, Gu studied hard and wrote Zi with extraordinary perseverance, and eventually became a generation of great scholars.
Ouyang xiu borrowed scriptures. Ouyang Xiu, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was gifted since childhood. But because the family is poor, there is no money to buy paper and pens at home. In order to let her son learn to write and practice calligraphy, Zheng, Ouyang Xiu's mother, came up with a clever way to teach Xiao Ouyang Xiu to write with a brush instead of a brush. Ouyang Xiu worked hard, learned a good hand and became a well-known child prodigy. This kind of hard work also influenced his little friend Li, and he took Li on the road to study.
Pu Songling asked Cao Tingdao. Pu Songling, a writer in Qing Dynasty, built a thatched pavilion on the roadside to record the stories told by passers-by. After decades of hard collection and his own creation, he finally completed the epoch-making brilliant masterpiece Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in the history of China ancient literature.
Jia Kui stole it from the school fence. Jia Kui, whose real name is Jing Bo, was born in 30 AD, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a famous scholar and astronomer. He is the ninth grandson of Jia Yi, a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty. Father Jia Hui is also a great scholar. Influenced by his family, Jia Kui was brilliant from an early age. In order to be able to study, Jia Kui eavesdropped on the teacher's story through the bamboo fence when he was a child.
Monk tried to change his research. Mencius was a famous thinker and politician in the Warring States Period. However, Mencius was not a born scholar. When he was young, he was very playful and didn't like reading. Later, in order to educate him, Meng Mu moved three times and cut cloth to enlighten him. Finally, Mencius understood that if he wants to be a talented person, he must work hard.
Song Lian braved the heavy snow to visit the teacher. Song Lian, a famous essayist and scholar in Ming Dynasty, was fond of learning since childhood. He was not only knowledgeable, but also wrote excellent articles, and was praised by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, as the "head of the founding civil servants". Song Lian loves reading very much, and those who don't understand always get to the bottom of it. This time, in order to find out a problem, Song Lian walked dozens of miles in the snow to consult Ji Meng, a teacher who had stopped accepting students, but the teacher was not at home. Undaunted, Song Lian visited the teacher again a few days later, but the teacher didn't see him. Because of the cold weather, Song Lian and her companions were freezing, and Song Lian's toes were frostbitten. Song Lian was rescued when he fell into a snow pit during his third solo visit. When Song Lian almost fainted in front of the teacher's house, the teacher was moved by his sincerity and patiently answered Song Lian's questions. Later, in order to gain more knowledge, Song Lian visited many teachers and became a famous essayist.
Studying in Tao Hongjing vegetable garden. In ancient times, people had many misunderstandings about nature. People believe that the snail's victory is an absurd legend. It turns the moth into their own son, and they also call their son "the moth". Tao Hongjing expressed doubts about this. He found a nest of grubs in the vegetable field near the village, and squatted in the vegetable field and observed it with rapt attention all day. Tao Hongjing found that they had a man and a woman. After many days of careful observation, Tao Hongjing finally exposed the secret of grubs: grubs have their own offspring, and grubs are taken to the nest to feed their larvae. There is no such thing as a grub seme! From then on, Tao Hongjing felt that it was best to observe everything in person and never listen to other people's opinions.
Confucius was not ashamed to ask:
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius was honored as a "saint". He has 2000 disciples, and everyone asks him for knowledge. His Analects of Confucius has been handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years.
Confucius is knowledgeable, but he still asks for advice modestly. On one occasion, he went to the ancestral temple to worship his ancestors. As soon as I entered the ancestral temple, I felt strange and asked others questions. Someone laughed: "Confucius has outstanding knowledge, so why ask?" Confucius said, "Always ask questions. What's wrong? " His disciples asked him, "Why did you call Kong Wen Zi after Kong died?" Confucius said, "You are smart and eager to learn, and you are not ashamed to ask questions. It is worthy of being a writer." Disciple thought: "Teachers often ask others for advice, and they are not ashamed!" "
Learn from everyone with an open mind, including those below yourself. This is called "asking questions without shame"
Wang Xizhi came to Tiantai Mountain before Lanting was rebuilt, and was attracted by the magical and beautiful scenery of Tiantai Mountain, so he rebelled at home. He enjoyed the sunrise and the wonders of clouds, waves and fog, which polished his calligraphy. He kept practicing calligraphy, washing pens and inkstones, and even dyed a pool of crystal clear water black. This is the origin of Mo Chi's name.
Fireflies reflect snow
In the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was always eager to study, but because of his poor family, his father could not provide him with a good learning environment. In order to maintain food and clothing, there is no extra money to buy him lamp oil for evening study. To this end, he can only use this time during the day to recite poems.
One night in summer, he was reciting an article in the yard when he suddenly saw many fireflies flying at low altitude. The flashing light is a bit dazzling in the dark. He thought, if you put many fireflies together, wouldn't it become a lamp? So, he went to find a white silk bag, immediately caught dozens of fireflies and put them in, then tied the mouth of the bag and hung it up. It's not very bright, but it can be used for reading. From then on, as long as there are fireflies, he will catch one to use as a lamp. Because he studied hard and practiced hard, he finally became an official in a high position.
The same is true of Sun Kang in the same dynasty. Because I have no money to buy lamp oil, I can't read at night, so I have to go to bed early. He felt it a pity to let time pass in vain.
One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep, turned his head out of the window and found a ray of light in the window. It turned out to be a reflection of heavy snow, which can be used for reading. So he was so tired that he immediately got dressed, took out his book and went outside. The snow reflected on the wide earth is much brighter than the snow in the room. Sun Kang ignored the cold and immediately read a book. His hands and feet were frozen stiff, so he got up and ran, rubbing his fingers at the same time. From then on, every snowy night, he never missed this good opportunity and studied tirelessly. This spirit of hard work has promoted his knowledge to advance by leaps and bounds and become a knowledgeable person. Later, he became a big official.
A hole was drilled in the wall to get light from the neighbor's house.
Kuang Heng, a naive girl, studies hard, but has no candles. There was a candle in the neighbor's house, but it didn't pass through, so Kuang Heng dug a hole in the wall, attracted the candle from the neighbor's house, and read it with a book that reflected light. Scholars in the same county don't know that there are many books in the family. Kuang Heng was hired by the family to work, but he didn't get paid. The host asked Kuang Heng strangely, and Kuang Heng said, "I hope I can read all the books of the host." The master was surprised and lent Kuang Heng a book. Later, he became a great scholar.
Tie your hair to the beam and poke your thigh with an awl to stay awake ―― study hard/diligently.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Sun Jing, a famous politician. At first, because of his shallow knowledge, he was not reused, and even his family looked down on him, which greatly stimulated him. He made up his mind to study hard, often closed the door and continued reading alone. Reading from morning till night every day, often forgetting to eat and sleep. After studying for a long time, I am tired, but I still don't rest. After a long time, I was too tired to doze off. Afraid of affecting his study, he came up with a special method. In ancient times, men had long hair. He found a rope and tied it firmly to the beam. When he is tired of reading, he dozes off. When his head is lowered, the rope will hold his hair and hurt his scalp, wake up immediately and continue to study.
This is the story of Sun Jing's hanging beam.
During the Warring States Period, there was a man named Su Qin, who was also a famous politician. When I was young, because of the lack of knowledge, I went to many places to do things and was not taken seriously. After returning home, his family was also very cold and looked down on him. This is a great stimulus to him. So, he made up his mind to study hard. He often studies late into the night, is very tired, often takes a nap and wants to sleep. So he thought of a way, prepared an awl and stabbed himself in the thigh when he dozed off. In this way, I suddenly felt pain, woke up by myself, and then insisted on reading. This is the story of Su Qin's "stabbing stocks".
Note: This idiom comes from the story of Sun Jing and Su Qin studying, and is used to describe the spirit of studying hard and studying hard. Their spirit of studying hard is good.
Two centuries ago, the philosopher Kant expounded an eternal truth: "Only by relying on people, that is, only by relying on people with the same education, can we educate people." The surface culture of human beings can be spread through trade, tourism, migration, etc., while the basic framework of the deep spiritual and cultural machine can only be spread systematically, profoundly, efficiently and creatively with the help of all kinds of education at all levels, and teachers shoulder this important and eternal social function.
Mr. Ye Lan said in a special lecture entitled "New Basic Education and New Teacher Training": "In today's China, the professional development direction of primary and secondary school teachers should be positioned as a whole: from traditional teachers to contemporary teachers. This transformation is not to overthrow the reconstruction, but to use' not just ... but ...', which includes the former and is a revision and perfection of the former. "There is no doubt that the growth of new teachers should be nourished and inspired by traditional teachers, especially those who teach Chinese with strong local characteristics.
The long history has created countless romantic figures in the teaching field: their diligent learning attitude, profound and solid knowledge, rich and profound educational ideas, exquisite and wonderful teaching art, brilliant descendants and creative educational practice have left precious wealth for future generations. Let's talk about their commonness from three interviews and their enlightenment on how to be a good Chinese teacher today.
First, the mode of scholarship is knowledge.
Kong Qiu, known as the "teacher of all ages", was eager to learn from an early age. "The Story of Kun Li" contains: When I was about 7 years old, I began to learn five rites, five shots, five royal, six books and nine numbers, and I knew the etiquette of sweeping the floor. "At the age of fifteen, I am interested in learning" and at the age of thirty, I "set up a teaching point". In the long educational career, Confucius put forward the motto of "Never tire of learning and never tire of teaching" to himself. He studies while teaching, and strives to be studious, happy, sensitive and knowledgeable. He is often "not ashamed to ask questions" and "asking questions about everything", asking for advice modestly, "listening more" and "seeing more", which makes him not only knowledgeable, but also versatile.
Dong Zhongshu, a "master of Confucianism", is also a model of studious. He studied hard, and once "didn't peek into the garden for three years", reaching the level of stupidity. While he was in politics, he accepted disciples to give lectures and won the reputation of "Confucius in Han Dynasty". For a time, many scholars regarded him as a teacher, and the so-called "bachelors are all teachers."
Zhu, a "Master of Neo-Confucianism", studied the Book of Filial Piety, University, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius at an early age and determined to become a saint. 14 years old, "learning everything, Zen, Taoism, literature, Chuci, poetry, military, law, learning everything, countless words." /kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, he made good achievements in the rural examination, but he was still not satisfied with his achievements. He often read at night, "from poor to bright". I have written all my life, and I am very knowledgeable.
The tireless study of the above three famous teachers is enough to prove to us that an excellent Chinese teacher must be a "model of scholarship" and a knowledgeable lifelong learner.
Nowadays, Chinese teachers, forced by professional pressure, are too busy to cope with examination questions to take care of reading and self-study, which is an important reason why the quality of Chinese education is difficult to improve. Wen Hui Reading Weekly once initiated a discussion about why teacher China reads less. Of course, there are many reasons, but it is still possible for Chinese teachers to grow into knowledgeable models as long as they study hard and study hard, which is also required by Chinese education in the new century.
Second, the exploration and creative thinking are profound.
Let's start with Confucius. In more than forty years of educational practice, Confucius not only cultivated a large number of talents and accumulated rich practical experience, but also made in-depth and lasting explorations on the characteristics and laws of education and teaching, and formed a profound educational thought. "Teaching without distinction", "being rich in education", "sexual habits", "setting an example" and "loyalty and love without hiding" all involve many important issues in education and teaching, whether it is the school policy or the educational object. These original theories laid the foundation of China's pedagogy.
As an influential educational thinker, Dong Zhongshu put forward the idea of "developing imperial academy, setting up famous teachers to train scholars from all over the world", "the materials for several examinations are available to your generals and commanders", and "establishing imperial academy, making strict regulations and taking education as the main task", which made immortal contributions to the institutionalization of feudal education.
In his long-term academic research and teaching practice, Zhu is good at inheriting and summarizing, exploring and innovating, and has formed a profound educational thought. In particular, the learning thought centered on the six principles of "Zhu Xi's Reading Method": "Step by step, intensive reading, swimming with an open mind, observing oneself, striving for strength, respecting oneself and keeping one's ambition", which involves both cognitive learning and non-cognitive quality training, still has high practical value.
Chinese teachers in the new century can't develop into new teachers who meet the requirements of the times without advanced educational concepts and courage and ability to explore and innovate. As Mr. Ye Lan said, "If a person wants to be a dignified person, he should choose a creative career, realize his life value with creative labor and enjoy the joy of his own vitality brought by the process itself." (On the Inner Dignity and Happiness of Teachers' Profession) Teachers have both the right and the obligation to think, otherwise, we will not face the growing, energetic and potential students.
Third, personality sets an example for future generations.
Teachers' personality charm is a valuable hidden resource in educational activities. Research shows that teachers' personality is positively related to teaching effect. In the education and teaching activities of ancient famous teachers, the brilliance of personality shines without exception.
Confucius has a great personality. He teaches tirelessly, is loyal and kind, loves students and makes selfless contributions. He is angry and forgets to eat and sleep, never tires of learning, learns new things by reviewing old ones, and keeps making progress; He advocates equality between teachers and students, learning from each other, and fearing future generations. "Benevolent people have different opinions, and wise people have different opinions"; He tried to strengthen moral cultivation, advocated "setting an example" and attached importance to the display of personality strength and moral edification. Let students feel that "the higher the yang, the stronger the exercise;" Look ahead and suddenly fall behind. "All these are models.
Confucius was a native of Shandong, and his ancestors were aristocrats of the Song Dynasty, and he was a descendant of businessmen. If we combine the legend with the history of belief, the son of Kong's surname has a prominent pedigree. In the legendary era of the Five Emperors, there was a Jewish birth contract of the Wa family. Tang, a descendant of Qi, founded Shang Dynasty. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Wei Zi, the ordinary brother of Feng Zhou, started in the Song Dynasty. Wei Chuan is located in his brother Wei Zhong. After Zhong Wei, the father of the fourth generation handed over the country to his younger brother Song Qing. The father of Fuxi, He Hou, and the father of the fourth Confucius, Jia, "The fifth family, don't be public", so it is Confucius. Confucius' father, Jia III, stopped his uncle from running to Lu. Stop my uncle from giving birth, and give birth to Ge (named).
Shu Lianggan lived in Qiaoyi, Changping Township (now southeast of Qufu County, Shandong Province). He married Yan Zaizai at the age of 72, aged 18, and gave birth to Confucius and Zhong Ni. "Historical Records Confucius Family" said that "(Liang Shu) Ge had a wild relationship with Yan's daughter and gave birth to Confucius". Legend has it that Yan Zhizhai had seen Kirin before Confucius was born. When Confucius was 3 years old, Shu died and was buried in Fangshan. Yan moved to Qufu Queli to raise Confucius, and died in 17. Confucius found the place where his father was buried and buried his parents together.
/kloc-at the age of 0/9, Kong Qiu married an official of the Song Dynasty. The following year, Guan's son was born, and Duke Zhao of Lu sent someone to congratulate him and named his son. Before Kong Li died of Confucius, there was a posthumous son Kong Ji.
Confucius was born at the top of Wei, and when he grew up, he was nine feet six inches long (about 1.76 meters in circumference, or 1.83 meters), so he was called a "long man". Confucius' early life was extremely difficult. He said, "I can't be meaner, so I can be contemptuous." When I was young, I was bullied by yang hu, a servant of Ji family, but I also worked as a commissioner and farmer of Ji family, managing storage and animal husbandry.
In hardships, Confucius became studious. He visited famous teachers all over the world and humbly asked for advice. He has studied Laozi, Xunzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and others. Around the age of thirty, some of the first disciples came to Confucius. Since then, Confucius has been engaged in education and recruited disciples. According to legend, there are three thousand disciples and seventy-two sages. He advocated teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and became a pioneer and representative of academic downward movement and private school teaching at that time, so he was respected as a "model for all generations" and a "holy teacher" by later generations.
At the age of 35, Lu was driven away by his great-granduncle, grandson and doctor Sanhuan, and Confucius left Lu for Qi. Due to the opposition of Yan Ying, the prime minister of Qi, Confucius was not reused for several years, and returned to Lu to call his disciples to give lectures.
From the ninth year of Lu to the fourteenth year of Lu, Confucius was an official in Lu, first serving as the governor of Zhongdu (Zhongdu is now Wenshang County, Shandong Province), then as an agent, and then as a great secretariat, which was the peak of his political career. In the tenth year of Lu, Lu joined forces in Jiagu, and Confucius won diplomatic victory, which enabled Qi to return Wenyang and other places that occupied Lu. In the thirteenth year of Lu, in order to re-establish his authority, Confucius planned and implemented the political and military action of "capturing the three capitals", hoping to weaken the strength of Dr. Sanhuan, so he first fell into the trap of his uncle, and then fell into the situation of family destruction. However, the siege attack finally failed.
Under the rule of Confucius, the state of Lu has been greatly improved, which makes the people of Qi very afraid. Li Yan, a doctor of the State of Qi, designed a female music for Lu, so that Lu would not ask about state affairs. This made it difficult for Confucius to bridge the moral and political differences between Duke Lu and Ji Zi, and Confucius finally went to Lu Shiwei. Later, Confucius led his disciples all over the world, wandering in Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Ye, Chu and other places, but they were not reused. In the meantime, in Kuang, Song, Pu and other places, Confucius and his party were trapped in distress many times; The most serious time is that there is no food between Chen Cai and Confucius, but Confucius is still reciting string songs.
In 484, Confucius, who was nearly seventy years old, was sent back to Shandong by Ji Kangzi, but he was not appointed. During this period, Confucius paid attention to education and collation of ancient books. Kong Li, Yan Hui and Luz all left before him. Five years later, Confucius left this world and his disciples and was buried on the bank of Surabaya in the north of Qufu. Disciples mourned for him for 3 years, and Zi Gong kept the tomb for Confucius for 6 years.
Confucius said: "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand at thirty, be puzzled at forty, know my destiny at fifty, be obedient at sixty, be obedient at seventy, and not overstep the rules." ~~