2. What is the focus of classical Chinese in junior high school? 1) is selected from Fan Wenzheng Gong Ji. Yueyang Tower is located at the foot of Baqiu Mountain in the northwest of Yueyang City, Hunan Province. Its predecessor was the parade platform of Lu Su, commander-in-chief of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period.
During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang said that a pavilion named "Yueyang Tower" was built in the former site of the parade platform. Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052), born in Wuxian County, Suzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
② Four years in Li Qing: A.D. 1044. Li Qing, the year number of Zhao Zhen, Song Renzong (104 1- 1048).
"Six years" at the end of this sentence refers to Li Qing's six years (1046), which was written by name. (3) Tengshou Baling County; Teng was demoted to the state of Yue.
Teng, whose real name is Zong Liang, is a friend of Fan Zhongyan. In ancient times, officials were demoted or transferred.
Guard, refers to the county's chief. Baling: The county name, namely Yuezhou, is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province.
(4) Next year: the second year, five years in Li Qing (1045). The more, here we are.
(5) Political integrity and harmony: Political integrity and harmony make people happy. Harmony, harmony.
This is a compliment to Teng Amethyst. (6) Everything is thriving: all kinds of wasted things are thriving.
Waste, waste. All, all, all.
Xing, established. (7) It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower and add the old system: yes, then, just.
Increase, expand. Old system: original building scale.
(8) Genus (zhǔ) to (yú) Write a composition: Genus, the same as "teaching", writing and writing articles. Therefore, it was used to (9) give a victory to Ba Ling: Fu, that.
Victory, scenery, good scenery. (10) Title (xián) Distant Mountain, Swallowing Yangtze River, Haotang: Title, Cohesion.
Swallow it, swallow it. Hao Tang (shāng): The water looks very thick.
Soup soup, the current is big and fast. (1 1) boundless: boundless.
Horizontal: Guangyuan. Edge. Edge.
Boundary: edge. The difference between international and international: international refers to the land boundary and international refers to the water boundary.
(12) Sunny in the morning, cloudy at night, and changeable weather. In the morning, nouns are adverbials.
Hui: Sunshine. Yin, dark.
Weather, sight. Thousands, ever-changing
(13) This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower: this, this. Then, that is.
Magnificent scenery. (14) Previous descriptions are very detailed.
What the predecessors said refers to the above-mentioned "Tang Xianshi and Modern Fu". Be prepared and detailed.
Alas, the modal particle "le". Yes, yes.
(15) However, it is connected with northern martial arts: However: Even so, then. North: Nouns as adverbials face north.
(16) Xiaoxiang, Antarctica: from the south to Xiaoshui and Xiangshui. Xiaoshui is a tributary of Xiangshui.
Hunan water flows into Dongting Lake. South, south.
Pole, pole, this means direct. (17) There are many emigrant poets here: emigrant, demoted.
A poet or poet. During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao, so later generations also called poets poets.
Yes, gather around. Yes, yes.
Here, here. (18) It's nothing unusual to see things: the feeling caused by seeing natural scenery will probably be different, right? Browse, watch.
No ... anyway, is it ... maybe. Different: different (19) If it rains: If it rains, it is used at the beginning of a paragraph to arouse discussion.
The following "Zhi Ruo" is used at the beginning of another paragraph, causing another discussion. "Ruofu" is similar to "like that".
"Zhiruo" is similar to "As for" and "Another example". It's raining continuously.
It's raining, it's raining again, and the rain (or snow) is dense. ?????????????????????????????983
(2 1) Evil wind whistling, turbid waves emptying: cloudy cold. Turbidity, turbidity.
Running for the sky in the air. (22) The sun and stars are hidden: the sun and stars hide their brilliance.
Obsidian, brilliance, light. (23) Mountain shape: The mountain has lost its shape.
Yue, a tall mountain. Sneak, lurk
Form, trace. (24)Qiang: The mast is broken by backward oar.
Mast. Hey, paddle.
Fall, fall. (25) Dusk: In the evening, it is very dark.
Thin and approaching. Dim: A dim appearance.
(26) s: this. (27) Some people go to the countryside to feel homesick, worry and sneer: then, just.
Have, produce. Going to hometown, worrying and sneering: leaving Kyoto, missing hometown, worrying and slandering, fearing and satirizing.
Let's go. Leave. Kyoto, China.
Go to the countryside and leave Kyoto, that is, leave the imperial court. Fear, fear, fear.
Worry, worry. Slander, the injured
Ridiculous irony. (28) People who are bleak everywhere and feel extremely sad: bleak and desolate.
Feeling, sentimental. Extremely, extremely
However, sequential words. (29) If it is spring, Jingming: For example, the climate is warm and sunny in spring.
If it is true, it is another example. Spring is harmonious and spring breeze is warm.
Scenery, sunshine. Bright and bright.
(30) Calm: There are no stormy waves. Surprise, ups and downs.
It means "up" and "moving" here. (3 1) The upper and lower sky is a blue sky: the upper and lower sky is connected with the lake, and it is green and boundless.
Vast and boundless, the scope is extremely wide. (32) Swimming in Ji Xiang, Sha Ou and Jinlin: Gulls on Sha Ou and sandbars.
Ji Xiang, sometimes fly, sometimes stop. Stop, stop, the bird stops in the tree.
Brocade refers to beautiful fish. Fish scale means fish.
(33) Branch: the grass on the shore and the flowers and plants on the small continent (this sentence is intertextuality). Cheese: A kind of vanilla.
Ting: The water is flat. (34) Gloomy: describes lush vegetation (35) or long smog: sometimes large areas of smog completely dissipate.
Or sometimes. One, all of them.
Empty: Dissipate (36) The bright moon is thousands of miles away: the bright moon is thousands of miles away. (37) Floating gold: The fluctuating light flashes gold.
(38) Still shadows sink to the wall: When the lake is calm, the bright moon is printed into the water, like a jade wall sinking. Bi, Yuanyu.
(39) The fisherman answers with a song: the fisherman answers with a song. Answer, it should be with.
(40) He Ji: Where is the destination? (4 1) Feel relaxed and happy: cheerful.
Open, open. Hey, happy.
(42) Forgetting shame: the honor and disgrace have all been forgotten. Together, together.
Pets, glory. (43) Bring the wine to the front of the wind: Holding the wine in front of the wind means drinking it in the breeze.
Hold, hold, hold, hold this finger. Face, face.
Yang Yang: Happy and proud. (45) Husband: Alas.
Fu is two words, both modal particles. (46) Taste the heart of the ancients: once.
Look for, explore. Ancient benevolent people, ancient noble people.
Heart, thoughts, feelings. (47) or different: perhaps it is different from the above two people's thoughts and feelings.
Or, close to the meaning of "maybe" and "maybe", to put it mildly. Different from.
Yes, psychological activities. Both refer to "sadness" and "joy" in the first two paragraphs.
(48) Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself: don't worry about foreign things (good or bad) and yourself.
3. The focus of classical Chinese in junior high school is 1. Mangshan is a thief who declared peace, and Mangshan is a thief who was executed. His mother has a trick with him.
The thief said to the mother cloud, "I would like to eat milk when I was a child and die without regret." Mother nursed her, bit her nipple and bled all over the floor. Her mother died.
The thief sued the criminal and said, "I am poor. I stole a plate for my salary." My mother was so happy that she didn't behave herself. She arrived today. " So I hate killing it. "
Oh! Different, the husband language "teaching children to teach babies" is not empty! Translate the following sentences. (1) I was poor. I stole a dish for a salary. My mother was so happy when she saw it that even she was out of her mind. (2) Today's "godchild baby" is well deserved! The correct thing is to judge the meaning of the words added in the following sentences.
(1) There are thieves in Mangshan. (3) I want to suck my breasts like a child. (2) I steal vegetables and wages. (4) My mother is the same as her breast A, (1) and (2). (3) Different from (4) B, (1) and (2). 2. Shi Kuang's discussion about learning from Duke Jinping asked Shi Kuang: "I am seventy years old, and I am afraid that I will soon die if I want to learn." Shi Kuang said, "Why not light a candle?" Gong Ping said, "An is a minister. Are you kidding me?" Shi Kuang said, "How dare a blind minister play with the monarch? I heard it: less and more eager to learn, like the sunrise sun; Strong and eager to learn, such as the light of Japan and China; Being old and eager to learn, like a candle, is right and wrong? " Gong Ping said, "Good!" Translate sentences in the text.
1 Ann is a minister, beating the king? Old and eager to learn, like a candle. What's the difference between a bright candle and an ignorant candle? One of the different uses of the word "zhi" in the following sentences is () A, I smell it, B, like the light of sunrise, D, learning from time to time. What does this passage tell people? 3. Self-help that is submerged forever, salty and good at traveling. One day, the water was very fierce, and five or six people who saved themselves took a boat to go to Hunan for water.
Zhongji, if the ship is broken, it will do. One is to do your best and not be different.
His companion said, "You are the best swimmer. What are you going to do now? " Yue: "I have 1000 yuan, which is heavy. Let's talk about it later. " He said, "Why not go there?" No, shake its head.
Every coin has its two sides. The man who saved himself stood on the shore and shouted, "You are so stupid and secretive, you are dead. How can you afford it? " He shook his head again and drowned.
I mourn it. And if so, do you have to drown the big goods to protect yourself? Translate the following sentences.
1. Zhongji, the boat is broken. Let's go out. 2. And if so, is it necessary to drown the big goods? What does this story leave us? 4. Seven records are young and eager to learn, and all the books you read should be in your hand. When the paper money is recited once, it is burned and the paper money is used. If there are, there will be six or seven.
Where the right hand holds the tube, the palm becomes a cocoon. I cooked soup several times in winter, and later it was called "reading lent".
Translate the following sentences. 1. If so, it started in June and July. 2. The later famous reading was called Seven Records. Correctly judge the meaning of the words added in the following sentences is () ① The name reading method behind it is called "Seven Records". The person named cannot be named in one place. ④ The mountain is not high. If there is a fairy, it is called A.① with ②, ③ with ④. B.① is different from ②. Three is the same as four. 5. The black sheep, the Yellow Emperor sees the mountain with the mountain, Fang Ming is the royal, Chang Yu is riding, Zhang Ruo and his friends are in front of the horse, Kun Kun and the funny car; As for the wilderness of Xiangcheng, the seven saints are all fascinated and have nothing to ask for.
When I met the boy who was herding horses, I asked Tu Yan, saying, "Do you know mountains by words?" Said, "Of course." "If you know what's there?" Said, "Of course."
The Yellow Emperor said, "What a strange child! You not only know the Potts Mountain, but also know the existence of the giant tower. Please forgive me, for the world. "
The child said, "If my husband is the master of the world, so be it. What a pity! If you give less, you can swim Liuhe by yourself. If you are hysterical, an elder will teach you:' If you travel in Xiangcheng by Japanese car.' I'm less sick today, and I'm swimming outside Liuhe.
It's just that the husband is the world. What a pity! "The Yellow Emperor said," If the husband is the master of the world, then honesty is not my son's business.
Although, request the world. "Children's words.
The yellow emperor asked again. The little boy said, "My husband is the master of the world, but he also laughs at those who love horses abnormally!" This is just a question of killing horses! " The Yellow Emperor bowed his head again and said that Shi Tian had retired.
Translate the following sentences. 1. husband is the world, but also arrogant. 2. The Yellow Emperor bowed and kowtowed again, saying that Shi Tian had retired.
Choose a sentence with some words added from the following sentences to explain the mistakes. A. Meet the boy shepherd (appropriate) B. Ask Tu Yan (through "Dao", Dao) C. Find the person who harmed the horse (just right) D. The Yellow Emperor bowed to the kotow again (for the second time). What inspiration did you get from reading this article? 6. The wife who once attended Ceng Zi City, her son cried.
His mother said, "Give it back, turn your back and kill it for her." When his wife came back from the market, Ceng Zi wanted to catch a pig and kill it.
The wife no longer said, "I play with the baby!" " Ceng Zi said, "Babies have nothing to do with play. Babies must be knowledgeable, treat their parents and scholars, and listen to their parents.
Today's son deceives him, but also teaches him to bully him. A mother deceives her son and distrusts her mother instead of becoming an adult. "
He also explained the following sentences. 1 Babies don't play with each other.
Babies must be knowledgeable, treat their parents and scholars, and listen to their parents. A mother cheated her son, but didn't trust her mother, so she became a teacher.
What did Ceng Zi say to his wife? 7. When a blind man falls off a bridge, there is a way for the blind man to dry the stream. If he falls on the bridge, he will climb up the rafter with both hands and hold it firmly. If he misses, he will rolling in the deep. Passers-by told him: "Don't be afraid, put it down first, that is, on the ground."
The blind man didn't believe it and played the trombone. After a long time, he was exhausted and fell to the ground. He said to himself three times, "Hey! Fleas know that they are on the ground. Why is it so long? " Husband Avenue is desolate, empty and silent. Those who are strict with themselves take this place as a province! Explain the following sentences.
1. Fleas know what they are, so why bother? 2. Husband's road is desolate and quiet. Those who are strict with themselves take this place as a province! What inspiration did you get after reading this article? 8. Surgeons with doctors claim to be good at surgery. Return to the array with one stroke, and the middle stream goes deep into the membrane, delaying treatment.
So I took Bing scissors, cut the sagittal tube and knelt down to thank you. The general said: "those who gather in the membrane must be treated urgently."
The doctor said, "I'm to blame for the accident." Explain the following sentences.
1. Hold Bing scissors, cut the sagittal tube, and kneel down to thank you. This operation is unexpected, and it's my fault.
What's the irony of this article about surgeons? 9. The tyrannical tiger Confucius crossed the side of Mount Tai, and a woman cried at the grave. The master listened and asked Luz to ask, saying, "My son's crying is like a person worrying."
And said, "But. In the past, my uncle died in a tiger, my husband died and my son died. "
The master asked, "What is it?
4. The difficulty of classical Chinese teaching in junior high school is the difficulty of Chinese teaching! The requirement for junior high school is to correctly understand simple classical Chinese with the help of reference books. Although it is simple classical Chinese, it is still difficult for junior high school students to understand. So as a teacher, how to guide students to break through this difficulty? I think we should start from the following aspects: First, help students understand and memorize key substantive words. The memory and accumulation of key notional words is the basis of learning classical Chinese, because only by correctly remembering the usage of commonly used notional words can we understand the general idea of classical Chinese. Second, understand the usage of important function words. Important function words are also very important in learning classical Chinese, which can not be ignored. Pay attention to key sentence patterns. Some important sentence patterns also affect the understanding of classical Chinese. It is very important to understand special sentence patterns and remember fixed collocation. Finally, cultivate students' ability to analyze and appreciate classical Chinese, and guide students' interest in learning classical Chinese. Interest in classical Chinese is very important. In the process of teaching, we should guide students' interest in learning in time and teach them the methods of analyzing classical Chinese, so as to make continuous progress.
5. The focus of the review of classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination should first carefully "eat" the senior high school entrance examination questions in Tianjin in the past two years.
In the past two years, the structure, content, type and quantity of senior high school entrance examination questions have remained basically unchanged. The examination paper is divided into four sections: accumulation, classical Chinese reading, modern Chinese reading and composition.
The content of the examination questions is relatively stable, and the purpose of the examination is clear: from the accumulation and application of famous sayings and sentences in and out of class, to the reading of classical Chinese in and out of class, to the reading of modern Chinese after class, and finally to the writing of topic composition. Pay attention to the examination of students' knowledge accumulation, especially the examination of students' ability to analyze and solve problems in combination with life practice and life experience.
How to analyze the examination questions in recent two years? Now only four parts of the test paper are briefly explained. First, the accumulation part.
The scope of the exam is basically the famous sentences that are required to be recited in the reading questions of junior high school teaching. Reciting and reviewing should not only strengthen memory, but also understand it and use it flexibly.
It is not only memorizing articles, but also implementing every word, especially the words that often make mistakes in dictation. We should always "review the mistakes". Remember: one word difference, the whole game is lost.
Second, the classical Chinese part. The scope of classical Chinese examination in class is teaching and reading articles in junior high school.
Pay attention to the key points when reviewing. According to the examination scope and requirements of the syllabus and your familiarity, you should choose the key review content.
Generally examine the meaning and usage of function words and content words commonly used in classical Chinese. Content words often examine words with polysemy, different meanings in ancient and modern times and flexible parts of speech; The focus of sentence examination is the sentence structure and sentence meaning of key sentences; The examination of the content is basically the same as that of modern Chinese.
From words, phrases and sentences to literary common sense, thoughts and feelings, expression techniques, etc. We should find out the main points and sum up the rules. Second, we must choose a good title.
Choosing beautiful articles in teaching and reading content is often the most typical article with the widest knowledge coverage in classical Chinese, so that review can get twice the result with half the effort. In the past two years, most of the extracurricular reading of classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination chose story paragraphs.
The content is relatively simple, and the content of the exam is basically the same as that in class. When doing problems, we must pay attention to the connection with the texts or knowledge points learned in class, and pay attention to the migration and application from class to extracurricular.
According to the syllabus of senior high school entrance examination, the reading materials of classical Chinese come from extracurricular, which is a kind of psychological pressure for students, which leads to nervousness when doing problems, affects the normal level of play, and leads to low scores. However, from the analysis of the examination papers in recent years, we will find such a phenomenon. Although the material of classical Chinese comes from outside class, the knowledge points it examines are in the classroom. For example, the examination of real words in classical Chinese has appeared in textbooks, and the examination of function words has also stipulated a certain number.
Therefore, it can be said that it is not difficult to read the classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination. As long as our students master the classical Chinese in the class and have the ability to transfer, it can be said that reading classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination is nothing more than an examination of classical Chinese in the textbook. In view of this understanding, in the actual review of classical Chinese, the author adopted the review method of "one reading, two reading and three turns", which achieved obvious results and eased students' fear of classical Chinese.
Of course, these three steps are not isolated, but interrelated, overlapping and complementary. The so-called "first reading" means reading the classical Chinese paragraphs as a whole, and you can get a preliminary understanding of the content of the article. Because the reading of classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination examines classical Chinese with plots and characters, you can reduce a certain number, which can be said to reduce the difficulty.
In the process of reading, there must be migration, such as "Yangzhou has a pearl, which is very big and dark", so we can migrate, and the "what" in the sentence also appears in our textbooks, such as "the lovely one is very sweet"; Another example is the "dark" in "Dark Change, Four Seasons in the Mountain". Through this migration, we can understand the content of the article. "Re-reading" means that after reading, there are still some places that we can't understand. We might as well find some information in the topic, so our reading is to look at the topic.
Look for information in the title that will help us understand the content of the article. Of course, there are such words in the title, and we also need to migrate.
"Three transfers" refers to the use of in-class knowledge to solve extracurricular problems in the process of doing problems, which can be said to be a summary of the transfer. Whether you can do a good job in classical Chinese paragraphs depends on whether you can understand the content of the article. As long as students have the ability to draw inferences from others, it is not inscrutable to read classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination.
Classical Chinese reading problems are mainly divided into two categories. One is translation.
The way to solve this kind of problem is: (1) have a general understanding of the full text and grasp the tendency of the article. (2) Understand the meaning of the translated sentence context in detail, translate it word by word, and make corrections, reservations, deletions, additions and adjustments.
When translating, pay attention to the key words in the sentence, which are often the score points. (3) The meanings of words in the text can also be deduced from modern words and idioms.
(4) In addition, we should pay attention to some special phenomena, such as flexible use of parts of speech, different meanings in ancient and modern times, words that pass through falsehood, and compound words with partial meanings. (5) If literal translation fails, use free translation.
We must infer from the context, not stick to the original structure, and boldly speculate in connection with real life. The second is enlightenment.
When answering such questions, we should pay attention to the ideological tendency, grasp the author's basic emotional position, contact the main plot and main characters of the article, and grasp the key sentences to think and answer from multiple angles and sides. Third, the reading part of modern literature.
It is necessary to seize the "test center" and master the answering skills. In the past two years, most of the modern Chinese reading tests in the senior high school entrance examination are a discussion-oriented essay and a natural science article.
Therefore, in the final review, we should choose these two types of articles as much as possible and practice in extracurricular selection. In addition, in the setting of reading topics, it is generally examined in the order of "whole-part-whole".
When doing the problem, we should firmly remember that "the answer is not in your mind, but only in the original text", which is also the only criterion for us to test the effect of solving the problem. The examination of any article focuses on two aspects, one is the screening of information, and the other is the understanding and analysis of reading materials.
In reading review, we should pay attention to the relationship between sentences and paragraphs, understand the author's point of view and the writing intention of the article, and grasp the article as a whole. First of all, we should understand the two questions "What did you write" and "Why did you write". The most important and effective way is to "shit".