Shi Tiesheng once said: "A writer may not be able to shape the real others, but only the real himself." This is appropriate for Osamu Dazai. In Disqualification on Earth, this self-portrayal is so obvious that readers who know a little about Osamu Dazai can see that the protagonist Ye Cang in the book is actually Osamu Dazai without analysis.
Osamu Dazai was born in a wealthy family. He has been sensitive and delicate since childhood. From the age of 14, I started my own fan chronicle with my friends and published novels, essays and plays. 1935, he is 26 years old. His short story Retrograde won the first Akutagawa Prize, which is remarkable. Be regarded as a genius writer.
Rogue school is a literary school of Japanese literature. It means that writers have the consciousness of resisting authority, adopt a self-deprecating and masochistic attitude towards life, write only morbid and gloomy things, and tend to be decadent.
The pine nuts in the movie "The Life of Unwanted Pine Nuts" wrote a sentence on the wall of their house: I am sorry for being born a human being. I was very surprised when I first heard this sentence. If you can say such a thing, then this person will regard the qualifications of being a man as extremely solemn, and at the same time, he will hate himself extremely. Later, I knew that the source of this sentence was Osamu Dazai.
1948, Osamu Dazai left a sentence in his suicide note: "I was born a man, I'm sorry", and then committed suicide by drowning. Everyone is not surprised, because this is the fifth time he has committed suicide. He failed four times. This time, he finally succeeded in committing suicide.
Before committing suicide, his autobiographical novel "Human Disqualification" had just been published. In the book, he said: "I want to die, I must die, and living is the seed of evil." Fear of real life, innate sense of nothingness and guilt, degeneration and decadence caused by failure to grasp the meaning of life, and ultimate death are the overall context of Osamu Dazai's literature and his life destination.
Back to the novel itself, this book consists of the author's preface and postscript, and three letters from the protagonist Ye Zang. It describes the tragedy of the protagonist's self-exile, alcoholism, suicide, self-medication and finally self-destruction in order to escape from reality from adolescence to middle age. In the process of self-denial, he also expressed his deep depression and desire for love. ...
"Disqualified in the world" literally means losing the qualification as a "person". The main source of his sadness is the weakness and pessimism of his soul. That kind of "Lu Xun's style" courage and head-on attack to face the bleak life has never been seen in Osamu Dazai's works. Therefore, in Japan, many critics despise Osamu Dazai, saying that his works are pessimistic and world-weary. He is a weak bankrupt, and even many parents are unwilling to let their children see his works.
? Looking at Osamu Dazai's words, I remembered a sentence written by Gide in Narrow Door: "We are not born for happiness."
The protagonist in the novel Disqualification on Earth is Ye Cang, who was born in a wealthy family in rural Japan. His father is a congressman, and there are many brothers and sisters in his family, as well as servants. Ye Cang didn't understand the world since he was a child. After observation, he found that human beings live together deceitfully.
Every day someone cries pain, but it's not crazy if you don't kill it. They call this party a bad guy every day, but they never despair. They complain about how sad their days are, but they stubbornly live every day. Are such people really miserable? People will die if they don't eat, so work is to eat. People must eat! For myself, nothing in this world is more puzzling and unacceptable, and nothing can make me feel so obviously threatened.
The more he thinks about it, the more confused he becomes. What was he born for? Just to eat? His view and understanding of happiness is completely different from that of everyone else in the world, and he can't get along at all. This uneasiness makes him toss and turn every night, and he is going crazy.
The way to resist the inexplicable fear of human beings is to be a clown, because then he won't have to deceive others, and I hope he won't have to deceive himself and be deceived by others. So he thought of a plan-funny. He pretended to be ugly and innocent, and used his own performance to win the happiness of others, thus hiding his true self in his heart.
He used to wear a mask to protect and hide himself since he was a child, but wearing a mask for a long time will naturally form a new "masked personality." Masked personality and true self are natural enemies, and they always quarrel with each other.
Ye Cang worked hard at first. Gradually, acting became his habit and a natural thing.
There is one detail. When I was a child, my father asked me what gift to bring back next time. My father thought he would like lions, but Ye Zang didn't want them. But in order to please his father, he still wrote "lion" on the gift list.
In fact, many adults are not like this at present. They obviously don't like it, but they have to show great joy. Every day is duplicity, just to cater to others and please others. It seems that if others are happy, they are innocent.
The world is full of mutual deception.
His performance is perfect, from elementary school to junior high school, from junior high school to senior high school, from senior high school to university. Although it was almost exposed during the period, it was still dangerous. However, as the day of "stepping into society" approaches, the mask of "dressing up ugly" collapses.
There are three strategies for self-concealment: the best strategy is to keep your mouth shut, and people who use this strategy can keep themselves from revealing flaws and being seen through; The middle strategy is to release smoke and break the glass. People who use this strategy can deliberately show some signs to hide their truth; The worst tactics are deception and disguise. People who use this strategy often take pains to disguise themselves as another person.
Ye Zang's deliberate performance is just a bad idea. This strategy is not so much a trick as a "crime", so it is a bad habit to be mysterious.
The world is full of mutual deception.
His father's friend "flounder", a world used to cheating. Every time Ye Zang sent money from his hometown, he said that the "flounder" was himself, his love for Ye Zang and so on. The elders, like the father who is a member of parliament, have been deceiving Ye Zang, an unconscious child.
Everyone in this world is so roundabout, so evasive, so irresponsible, so subtle and complicated. They always take strict precautions in vain and try their best, which makes me puzzled. In the end, we have to let nature take its course, muddle through in a funny way, or nod silently and let the other party act, that is, adopt a negative attitude of losers.
The most desperate, but also to promote Ye Zang's real self-destruction, was that time Fang was raped. A Fang has a natural trust in people, which is a very valuable quality in Ye Zang's view. Her heart is as pure as her virgin body. It can be said that this is Ye Cang's last salvation. Fang is a genius who trusts others. The bookseller said he wouldn't do anything. In this way, Fang was defiled. The fact that Yuzryha can't swallow is not his wife's chastity, but a question that haunts his mind: Is trust a crime?
What is even more infuriating is that when his best friend Horimu found out that the bookseller raped Afang, he didn't go forward to stop it and did nothing to protect his friend. He just pointed it out to me in a whisper. "The small window in my room is open, and the situation in the room is unobstructed. There are two animals under the lamp. "
Ye Cang finally discovered a cruel fact: in Horimu's heart, he didn't treat me as a real person. The value of "friends" is only to use and be used.
If a person has no friends, theoretically he will be lonely.
People who like loneliness are either animals or gods.
Humans, disqualify!
From then on, I have, is no longer a person!
Everything, everything, has become the past, like a cloud, all gone!
At the end of the book, the author discusses a passage from Crime and Punishment, which is also Dostoevsky's work. Perhaps in Dostoevsky's mind, crime and punishment are not juxtaposed, but opposite. Such as good and bad, right and wrong, crime and punishment. Ye Zang must have committed a crime before, and this brought punishment.
Finally, talk about the layout of the novel "Human Disqualification". This book consists of five parts: the author's preface, three notes by Ye Zang and the author's postscript. The preface must be read, which is equivalent to the introduction of the novel; The postscript must be read, which is the real ending of the novel. The three letters of the text are actually what Ye Zang recorded in his three diaries. This layout is exquisite from the outside to the inside and from the inside out. What's important is that Osamu Dazai has formed a closed loop of Ye Zang's personality from the outside to the inside. If we look at him from outsiders, we can objectively examine the inner world of a person with personality defects.
By the way, if your mind is not clear, you can stop reading this novel.
If you want to read a book, choose a sunny afternoon, read it in one breath, then throw away the book and go out for a walk.