(II) The Story of Fan Zhongyan and Yueyang Tower Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052) was born in Wuxian, Suzhou (now Wuxian, Jiangsu), a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was born in poverty and lost his father in his childhood, and he felt deeply about the sufferings of the lower classes. Song Renzong Tiansheng (1023- 103 1) was appointed as Xixi Salt Officer, and it was suggested to build Hangou weir in Taizhou. Baoyuan served as the deputy envoy of Shaanxi appeasement in the third year (1040), strengthened the defense against Xixia, made meritorious military service repeatedly, and celebrated for three years (. Ten reform measures were put forward. Including the restrictions on "grace" (officials meet Qing, civil servants are in Beijing for more than four years, and Wu Zhi's second and first sons send imperial academy to study for three years, and they will be hired after the expiration. ) to be an official, select effective personnel, strictly implement government decrees, etc. And advocate the construction of water conservancy. Due to the opposition of conservatives, Dengzhou was demoted in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (1045) (that is, dengzhou city, now under the jurisdiction of Nanyang City, Henan Province). At this time, Teng rebuilt Yueyang Tower and wanted to ask Fan Zhongyan to write a note, but Fan Zhongyan was an official in Dengzhou and could not go to Yuezhou in person, so Teng sent a picture of Yueyang Tower to Fan Zhongyan, and Fan drew it according to it. Interesting, isn't it? I didn't expect Fan Zhongyan to be an expert in drawing and composition! How are your painting and writing skills? Just grasp the essence, stick to the main idea, don't moan, write my mouth sincerely, and write an article like killing a dog's ear! Later, I also worked as a satrap in Hangzhou and a satrap in Qingzhou. Later, he died on the way to Yingzhou, and he died after death. This is Fan Wenzheng's public collection. His most influential work is The Story of Yueyang Tower.
The title of this article is "The Story of Yueyang Tower", which is naturally about the scenery of Yueyang Tower, but the author's original intention is to make use of the topic to talk about his due political ambitions and make friends with it. In order to integrate these two aspects, the author uses lyric elements to divide them. The feeling of sadness and joy when the "migrant poet" climbed the building, and finally compared this feeling with the "heart of benevolence", which led to discussion and explained the intention of taking notes.
This thought is reflected in the style of the article, which is a natural combination of narration, scenery description, lyricism and discussion.
(3) The Beauty of Yueyang Tower The Story of Yueyang Tower was written by Fan Zhongyan when he left Beijing to be a local official in the third year (the sixth year of Li Qing). Yueyang Tower is now in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, which is the west gate building of the old county. Its three-story building has a bird's eye view of Dongting Lake. Yueyang Tower was built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in Tengzijing. During the period, it was expanded many times, with a grand scale and spectacular momentum. Beautiful poems with the theme of Yueyang Tower are beautiful. Fan Zhongyan himself said, "What the predecessors said is also ready." Now Fan Zhongyan is invited by a friend to write notes for Yueyang Tower. It is really not easy to write an unprecedented article without failure. So how did he solve this problem?
The first paragraph begins with "Four Years", and points out the character: Teng, and explains the location: Baling County. It tells such a story: I was detained, referring to Teng being demoted to Yuezhou by the king in imperial history. Teng's praise for his achievements is that "next year, the government will be harmonious and everything will flourish." Although it is hard to avoid being praised, according to Baling County Records, he did some good things for the people. He is a very talented official. Then rebuild Yueyang Tower on some foundations. Its newly renovated building must be brightly colored walls, but the author did not describe it in detail. There is only one sentence, "add its old system", which shows that the scale is increased and poems are engraved, which shows that the reconstructed building is interesting and elegant. Judging from the structure of the article, it also paves the way for the later article "Many poets will move here". The last sentence "Remember is a composition" is closely consistent with the meaning of the title, and explains the origin of the composition according to the word "remember" in the title. Referring to Teng's painting "Dongting Late Autumn Map", he sent someone to ask Fan Zhongyan to write the word "remember" with letters and pictures.
"Baling is better than Dongting Lake" not only shows that Dongting Lake is a masterpiece of Yuezhou scenery, but also means that the author's pen and ink mainly focuses on description and smoothly transitions to the description of Dongting's magnificent scenery.
Write down the momentum first "Take the distant mountains and swallow the Yangtze River", Dongting is "title" to the distant mountains and "swallow" to the Yangtze River. The two verbs are superb, giving Dongting a broad atmosphere. The language of concise image not only explains the relationship between lake and mountain, lake and river, but also depicts the image of Dongting giant mouth, injecting static scenery into life and changing static into dynamic. There is a lot of water. "Hao Hao soup". Overlapping languages write a vast and choppy scene. Then, I pushed the pen away, and it was "endless", with no edge in sight and a wide range of boasting. Then write the changing scene. "Sunny in the morning and cloudy in the evening" is different in the morning and evening, with different light and shade, and has its own inexhaustible atmosphere. Finally, it is summarized by a general statement and a general comment: "This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower". The article echoes the "grand view" with "victory" and has a strong texture. After the author picked it up, he dismissed it: "What the predecessors said is ready" shows that this is not the center of the author's pen and ink. Finally, he turned a corner with the word "nature" and went straight to the main idea of this article-attaching feelings to things and creating feelings based on scenes.
The realm of the next section is changeable, so is the author's pen and ink. Carefully ponder, has the following description characteristics:
There is a sense of hierarchy. Two environments, two different moods, draw two levels of structure. Write the scenery first and then the feelings, and draw the level between the scenery and the feelings in each part; Write the day before the night, and draw the landscape level of the landscape writing part. There is a starting point, one is the sky, the sky is raining, and the blue sky is Wan Li; The second is the lake, turbid waves, waterfowl, boats, fish and orchids. The third is human feelings, "poor business travel" and "fishing songs answer". There is a contrast. There is a contrast between light and shade in the landscape. One is the contrast of colors. On rainy days and windy days, the "sun is dotted" hangs over a dim scene, especially at dusk, when the sky and the lake are confused. However, in late spring and March, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the water and the sky are one color, and the fish are sparkling, especially when the moon is empty in the evening, the whole lake is immersed in the moonlight. Bright colors, beautiful and charming. The second is the contrast in atmosphere. The former is full of wind and makes people tremble. Roaring tigers and crying apes make people's hair stand on end. The latter is the free flight of Sha Ou, the leisurely ups and downs of fish, the singing of fishing songs and the pleasant atmosphere. The third is the comparison of states. When the environment is bad, everything is in a dynamic state of drastic changes, with wind as the signal, waves as the action, collapse as the inclination and collapse as the destruction. Wind waves are driven by the wind, which overturns the ship, hinders navigation and turns the Dongting upside down. But when the situation is calm, everything is in a relatively stable state, the lake is rippling, birds can fly and live, and fish can swim in the lake to make it quiet. "Long smoke is empty", and the jade wheel hangs in the east, which can shine thousands of miles on the earth, making it more quiet, while "the static shadow is heavy, and the moonlight is like white jade, which makes it more quiet to write; There is an emotional contrast between sadness and happiness. Seeing "the ape is sobbing in the sharp wind from the vast sky", I feel sad. There are sorrows of leaving Beijing, homesickness, lamentation and fear of destruction. " Those who feel extremely sad "can think about the degree of sadness." When you see the new atmosphere in Wan Li in spring, you can express your feelings on the spot. Putting aside everything, enjoying the spring breeze and drinking wine is a different mood. " This is happy. " Show a happy mood.
The latter two paragraphs are colorful and vivid, combining two different feelings and attitudes towards things, forming a completely different artistic picture, which is completely different from other psychological realms (in fact, the heart is the same). This paragraph seems to be splashed with ink, which seems to be the focus of the full text. In fact, it is to prepare for the following discussion.
"Hey, husband!" Sighed, put aside the above, and turned to sigh, "I want to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or do something different from them." After sighing, I entered the interpretation of the "ancient benevolent heart" that the author regarded as a model. The problem of "he is" has caused the following. "Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself", which shows a different strategy from the above two kinds of people. They will not feel relaxed because of changes in the environment, nor will they feel happy or unhappy because of personal gains and losses. When I became an official in North Korea, I cared about the people. When you leave office, you care about the supreme king. "But when will you be happy?" Then he put forward his optimism with a "natural" turning point: "Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later." Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later. In the end, he said that he must express his unswerving ambition like this kind of people, with rich meaning and sincere tone.
The democracy and feudalism of Yueyang Tower are mutual, and Fan Zhongyan's thought reflects a strong loyalty to the monarch, which is his class limitation and its negative side, but we can't criticize the ancients; However, he is also worried about the people. He put forward the famous saying that "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later", which is valuable even today. Not only that, he also put it into practice. According to "Song History"; He was an honest official and lived a simple life. He did some useful things for the people all his life, so that "when he died, everyone sighed" should be affirmed.
④ Ouyang Xiu and his drunken pavilion Ouyang Xiu were famous essayists and poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. You also know who are the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties [Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su San, Ceng Gong, Wang Anshi]. His Preface to Drunk Pavilion has no strong social significance, which shows Ouyang Xiu's decadent feelings of living in Chuzhou and his leisure thought of drinking in the mountains. This is an obvious ideological limitation, but it can't hide his high artistic achievements at all. This essay is poetic and unique in style, which is really rare in China's ancient literary works.
Beautiful artistic conception. Good prose should be poetry, creating beautiful artistic conception. The so-called artistic conception, including meaning and context, is an artistic picture that permeates the author's subjective feelings. Excellent prose should have picturesque beauty, giving readers a unique aesthetic feeling and pleasing to the eye. The ideological meaning of Zuiwengting is a word "music". The music in "Drunk" is like a colorful line connecting various pictures, while "Drunk means not drinking" and "caring about the scenery". Indulge in trees and mountains is the author's real intention. Based on this "meaning", the author wrote a beautiful "environment", thus achieving the blending of emotion and scenery and the harmony between meaning and environment.
The beauty of mountains and rivers. In the author's pen, the distance of Zuiweng Pavilion is a landscape painting with mountains, springs, forests and pavilions. But the author does not use ink in isolation, but interweaves it together, which is both beautiful and diverse. The "magnificent" Langya Mountain has beautiful scenery and lush greenery. Against this background, the mountains are surrounded by a clear spring, and the forest is deep and winding, and the spring flow is tortuous. "There are pavilions and wings on the spring." Here, surrounded by mountains and waters, the mountain springs are getting clearer and clearer, and pavilions are located above the linquan, which has a unique scenery. In this way, without mountains, the brewing spring is not beautiful; Without spring, Qingshan is lonely. Without pavilions, the mountain springs are eclipsed; With springs, pavilions are more interesting. The mountain springs depend on each other, and the spring pavilions set each other off and become interesting, forming a picturesque and beautiful realm.
The beauty of change at dusk. The author wrote about the beautiful scenery of Zuiweng Pavilion changing in the morning and evening.
"Sunrise flowers in the forest, the clouds return to the cave, and it becomes clear, and sooner or later in the mountains." On Dongshan Mountain, the sun shines directly on the earth. The lush forest was originally shrouded in gauze-like fog and illuminated by the sun. The fog disappeared, showing a fresh green color. In the evening, as the sun sets, the cave is in complete darkness. The author vividly described the different scenery in the morning and evening.
The beauty of changing seasons. The author not only wrote the scenery in the morning and evening, but also further developed the pen and ink with Zuiweng Pavilion as the center, describing the scenery changes of the four seasons. "Wild incense is fragrant, beautiful wood is cloudy, wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water comes out, and it is also in the mountains at all times." It is indeed a vivid pen, and the author has carefully selected the most distinctive scenery here to describe it. The grass is growing, and the fragrance is spring; Tall trees and lush branches and leaves are the scenery in summer; The wind is bleak, the autumn frost paves the way, the water is thin and the stone is dry, and the winter vegetation is dry. With the changes of the four seasons, the scenery is different, and each has its own realm, giving people different aesthetic enjoyment. At the same time, the four seasons set each other off, and the spring scenery is like the sea to welcome the autumn cold; The lush summer sets off the cold winter scenery.
The beauty of dynamic and static contrast. What is the significance of writing landscape environment in prose? What's the point? Ouyang Xiu always pays attention to the dynamic and static changes of things in this essay. Let's talk about the dynamic and static contrast between scenery and scenery first. The majestic Langya Mountain is static. The spring water flowing in the waterfall is dynamic, the mountains are lush and pleasing to the eye, and the sound of the spring is beautiful, which sets each other off. The quietness of the trees and the movement of birds singing match each other and complement each other. Let's talk about the dynamic contrast between scenery and characters. "Sunset in the mountains, the characters are scattered, and the guests are smooth." The setting sun resting on the top of the mountain is its quietness, the figure moves away and returns to dusk one after another is its movement. Comparison between static scenery and dynamic characters. "The loser sings on the way, and the walker rests on the tree", which is full of singing, rest, movement and quietness. The noisy movement of the guests is full of vitality compared with the tranquility of the satrap.
Prose, as the name implies, should be scattered, but it is not irrelevant to be scattered, but to be together.
The main line is beading. The preface to the drunken pavilion looks messy, but it is not messy at all, although sometimes the mountains are covered with cloth and sometimes the paper is noisy. The first reason is that the author has a gold thread in his hand. This money is the author's subjective feeling —— A drunken man's sake is not wine. For this reason, the ups and downs of the author's subjective feelings and experiences are dominated by this line.
Respond well. There is a foreshadowing before, and there is a decision after; The structural layout of Zuiweng Pavilion is characterized by hiding ink at the beginning and showing gaps at the end. The article begins with: "Who's the name? Taishou calls himself. " But the satrap is also "whose name"? If you don't meet the table for the time being, you will plant seeds and urge people to read. It was not until the end of the article that he said, "Tai Shou, Lu Xiu also." Achieve the effect of head-to-tail photo.
[apply what you have learned]
First, compare the reading and answer the questions after the passage.
(1) Win in Baling and live in Dongting Lake. Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a vast soup, boundless; It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by predecessors. But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things very well.
[b] If the husband is in the forest at sunrise, the clouds will return to the cave, and the change will be in the mountains at dusk. The wild fragrance is rich, the wood is beautiful and the shade is beautiful, the wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water is clear, and it is also in the mountains at four o'clock. Returning home in the morning and evening, the scenery at four o'clock is different and the joy is endless.
1. Explain the following words with dots.
(1) connects Wuxia in the north and Xiaoxiang in the south.
(2) the cloud returns to the hole.
2. In paragraph A, "what the predecessors said is prepared", in which "what the predecessors said" refers to the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sentence in the previous section. (original answer)
3. Choose the item () which is different from the seasonal scenery described in "Wild Fragrance" in paragraph B.
A. Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and Shuizhaishan fruit wine is the flag wind.
B. peach blossoms outside the bamboo are three or two, and the spring river warms the duck prophet.
C. Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows away the petals of ten thousand pear trees.
D. flowers are everywhere in the spring city, and the east wind is cold and the willows are oblique.
4. In paragraph A, "Is it unusual to see things?" What are the two aspects of the word "different" related to:
( 1)___________________________________
(2)___________________________________
There is an idiom in paragraph b, please use this idiom to make a sentence:
Idiom:
6. Both paragraphs A and B are scenes. A describes the situation of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. What's the difference between "Le" in paragraph B "Four seasons are different, but the joy is endless" and "Le" in paragraph A's author "Happy after the world"?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Reference answer: This question is relatively novel and difficult.
1. It examines the understanding of specific words. Extreme: to; Di: Dim。
2. What is examined is the understanding of the content of the text. The answer is easy to fill in, Tang xian's modern poetry and prose.
This question is difficult to test. To find an accurate answer from similar poems, we need to understand poems first, so that we can answer them. C.
4. More common. (1) If the scenery outside is good, you will be happy if you get it; (2) The external environment is bad, and the loss is sad.
5. Test the knowledge of idioms, get to the bottom of it and make sentences.
6. The majestic scenery of Dongting Lake and the unique scenery around Zuiweng Pavilion; The difference between them is that A is a general description, and B is a concrete description of the characteristics of the morning and evening and the four seasons.
7. The word "music" in paragraph B not only expresses the author's idea of enjoying the people, but also implies the author's anguish of banishing his feelings. The "music" in paragraph A not only expresses the idea of having fun with the people, but also shows a lofty ideological realm.
Second, read the following to experience the beauty of the rhyme of parallel prose.
A letter to Zhu Yuan
Wu Jun (469-520)
The wind and smoke are clean, and the Tianshan Mountains are colorful. Floating from the stream, anything. From Fuyang to Tonglu, it is unparalleled in the world. The water is blue, and thousands of feet bottoms out. You can swim with the fine stones and look directly at them. If fierce wave is in a hurry, the arrow will fly faster. Cold trees grow on high mountains. Negative potentials compete with each other for high points, with thousands of peaks and mountains, and springs and rocks; Good birds sing, they rhyme. Cicadas are endless, and apes are endless. People flying in the sky, watching the peaks rest; He who is in charge of the affairs of the world looks at the valley and forgets to betray. The horizontal branches are covered, and the day is still faint; The thin strips set each other off, and sometimes the sun shines.
Brief analysis: This is a letter written to a friend by Wu Yun, a writer of Liang Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Described the beautiful natural scenery of Fuchun River with vivid brushstrokes.
Starting from the real feeling of sailing around the river, this paper focuses on describing the mountains and rivers of Fuchun River. Between the lines, the author's interest in mountains and rivers and his yearning for beautiful nature are revealed. At the same time, it also implicitly expresses the irony of those who pursue wealth in the world.
The first seven sentences are always about scenery, which inspires the following. With a parallel prose, "the wind and smoke are all clean, and the sky is one color", the beauty is just around the corner.
The different forms of Fuchun River illustrate the "difference" of water from "water is green and blue ... fierce waves are surging".
From the perspective of "the mountains are close to the coast" ... sometimes see the sun ",describe the scenery of mountains and rivers on both sides of the strait, and highlight the word" strange "as much as possible. The article is not long, but the mountains and rivers are at the bottom of the pen, which shows the author's superb writing skills and has its high artistic characteristics.
This article is a typical parallel prose. It embodies the phonological beauty of parallel prose. Think about it, the beauty of Fuchun River can be imagined. Do you want to go rafting in Fuchun River? Have you ever experienced the vivid beauty of China's excellent ancient essays?
[Synchronization Practice]
Read the following text and answer the questions.
As for the loser who sings on the way, the walker stops at the tree, the former calls, the latter should, (1), and those who keep going back and forth will walk in the Chu River. Lin Xi () (A. Fish B. Fishing), Xi () (A. Qing B. Deep C. Shallow) and Fish gizzard. Brewing spring wine, spring fragrance and wine () (A. Huan B. Fierce C. Fierce), delicacies and game, but the former is the same and also a feast. The joy of a feast is not silk or bamboo. Among the shooters, the player wins, and everyone who sits up is happy. Those pale, white-haired and self-effacing people are too defensive and drunk.
1. Fill in the correct word of (1). ______________
2. Choose the right words from the brackets and fill them in.
Through Ouyang Xiu's description of his outing life to you, can you imagine that your camping life is more interesting than his outing?
Second, have you ever heard of compound sentence? What is a loose sentence? Yueyang Tower has a combination of parallel prose. Can you find it?