Someone talked about Laozi these two days, which aroused my interest. In fact, because I was forced by the old man to recite the Tao Te Ching when I was a child, I have always had a sense of resistance to it from the heart. Although I appreciate this masterpiece very much, I mostly avoid talking about it when writing. This shows the intense psychological "rebellion".

Interestingly, because Laozi's things are deeply rooted and widely accepted, when reading the things of ancient China literati, I will inevitably take this ruler to measure, and I will feel happy as long as I have the heart. It is not only interesting to find the hidden password of Laozi in some poems and decipher the tricky ones; This is very interesting.

It is said that Wang Wei is most influenced by Buddhism, and this is no problem. As we all know, Wang Wei's mother is a disciple of Bei Zongshen embroidery, and she has been a devout Buddhist for more than 30 years. Wang Wei was influenced by such a family since childhood and was deeply influenced by Buddhism in his bones. Therefore, in the seventeenth year of Kaiyuan, when he returned to Chang 'an from Qiqi to worship Daoguang Zen Master to learn Taoism, the blood of this family seemed to continue. The legal system of Daoguang is not very clear, but there are data to prove that the "Dunjiao" secretly awarded by Daoguang to five Buddhist masters is not the same as the Dunjiao of Zen Buddhism spread in the south, which has nothing to do with this article, so leave it alone for the time being.

The purpose of saying the above passage is to show that the Buddhist factors in Wang Wei's poems are deep and have their reasons, which have been demonstrated by a large number of people in ancient and modern times and are also objective facts. Li Tang is Lao Zi's, and they think Lao Zi is their ancestor. Therefore, they once used the state to promote Laozi's theory, and in extreme cases, they destroyed the Buddha because of the disputes between them. Therefore, it is inevitable that Wang Wei's poems are influenced by Laozi. It is interesting to analyze his poems from Laozi's point of view. I have analyzed all his poems and made many notes related to Taoism. Unfortunately, because there are other things that I am more interested in, this problem will go away without a systematic and profound study. But I still left a strong example in my mind, thinking that this poem by Wang Wei is the best annotation to Lao Tzu's theory of "whether there is mutual existence or not".

Looking at the Hanshui River is a famous poem. Through this poem, Wang Wei shows his feelings when he stopped at the Hanshui River with huge images, which makes readers feel shocked and inner strength. The whole poem is as follows: "Three branches in the south reach Chu, and nine streams reach Jingmen. The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no. Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky. These beautiful days in Xiangyang have fascinated my old mountain! . "The beauty of this poem, you can see the relevant interpretation in detail, and we will omit it here.

Just look at this sentence: "This river flows beyond heaven and earth", which is touching and wonderful. The water of the Han River is in front of you. You can see it, it is real; But when you look at it, where did it go? You can't see, and you can't see. You can only use a very vague concept "outside the world" for readers to imagine. This "beyond heaven and earth" is the "nothingness" you can't see, and this nothingness exists in reality. Just "nothingness" relative to your limited vision. What you see and what you can't see are one and two, two and one, an inseparable whole, and "you" and "nothing" constitute a complete existence-Hanshui.

Let's look at another sentence: "Every mountain color is both there and there" is a quiet thing, giving people a confusing feeling. But there is movement in silence. The mountain is motionless, but it will be clear and blurred intermittently because it is far away or covered by clouds. In this sense, it seems to be moving, but it is not moving. This is a very wonderful feeling. Due to the distance and external interference, the color of the mountain is extremely pale, blurred and changeable, just like magic. In human vision, motion and stillness are magically transformed into each other.

In the second chapter, Laozi mentioned the topic of "whether there is mutual existence or not", which can be understood from the following aspects. First, Lao Tzu believes that "everything in the world is born out of nothing"; It is also believed that "opposition, the movement of Tao", that is, everything in the world changes and develops, and finally comes to nothing. There is no rebirth, and there is nothing, and it goes on and on. As for infinity, it is called "existence". (Huang Ruiyun). Second, Tao, including nothingness and existence, is the same as reality but has a different name, which shows the mystery of Tao. ..... "Laozi" illustrates the relationship between the two by "whether there is mutual existence". (Li Zhen). Third, some people think that "whether there is mutual existence" belongs to the metaphysical "device" level. At this level, we can only say "whether they exist with each other", but not "out of nothing". Among them, "existence" is a general noun, which is a complementary relationship of opposites. Very troublesome. Someone wrote a long story about this sentence. Stop looking, I was scared at first sight.

In fact, the more complicated things look simpler. Didn't Zhuangzi say that Tao is drowned in shit, and all truth will eventually be simply used? You can simply understand that "whether there is mutual existence" means that existence and non-existence are contrasted with each other, while * * * exists and sets off each other. In this way, isn't the best footnote of this sentence Wang Wei's poem?

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