Article 1: Eight characteristics that a speech should have

Selected sample essays: Eight characteristics that a speech should have (***2 articles) From ancient times to the present, from the inside to the outside, there are countless Although the speech art of famous orators has its own unique style, they have the same and essential artistic truth, which is the eight characteristics summarized by the author below:

1. The truth of the purpose of speech Sex

People who take the stage to speak are subject to certain motives and induced by certain purposes, which are determined by human behavioral characteristics. However, different people will have different speech purposes from different standpoints and angles. The purpose of a truly successful speech is to praise "truth" and to inspire people to pursue "truth", "goodness" and "beauty", that is, it is full of "truth". The famous philosopher and educator Zhang Dainian believes that: "Truth" is the value of knowledge, that is, having a correct understanding of the objective world and human beings themselves; "goodness" is the value of morality, that is, using moral principles to adjust individuals, individuals and society. , the contradiction between the needs of the country and the nation; "Beauty" is the value of art, that is, things in the objective world, some of which are suitable for human emotions and make people feel happy. Human beings can create some pleasant objects, that is, works of art. Artworks can give people a sense of beauty. The purpose of a successful speech - the pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, is to try to reveal or spread the correct subjective understanding of the objective world instead of promoting fallacies; to vigorously guide people to use moral principles to correctly adjust individuals and individuals, as well as between individuals and The relationship between groups, rather than trying to mislead people's ethics and morals; we must strive to improve our speeches and make our speeches "works of art" that give people a sense of beauty. At the same time, teach people to pursue beauty, appreciate beauty, and create beauty, rather than Let people ignore beauty and ugliness and regard ugliness as beauty. Only when a speech is made for the truth and calls for the truth can it have real vitality, can it withstand the test of time and history, and can it be beneficial to the progress of society and the development of the cause. All "roaring" that goes against the truth will eventually be abandoned by the truth and swept into the garbage heap of history.

2. The personality of the speech image

The temple of speech is not something that anyone can enter at will, and not everyone can do what they say. Successful speaking itself is selective for the speaker. Whether talking about oneself, or expressing others or other things, the speaker must create an image. This image is based on "personalization". The establishment of the speaker's personality image actually forms the speaker's personality charm and magnetism. With this charm and magnetism, the speaker will create a preconceived artistic conception for the success of the speech. The personality of a speaker does not lie in beautiful appearance and luxurious decorations, but in having firm beliefs, good conduct, resoluteness, uprightness, love for the motherland, loyalty to the people, selfless dedication, aboveboardness, seeking truth from facts, adhering to the truth, and being energetic and vigorous. character. This kind of character is also a silent language of speech, which is naturally attractive and contagious. Confucius said: "If you cannot rectify yourself, how can you rectify others?" "If you are righteous, who dares to be unrighteous." Most successful speakers attach great importance to self-cultivation and personality reshaping. People with no personality and bad moral character have no right to speak on the stage. A dwarf in action, a person whose knowledge and actions are inconsistent, can at best only make empty theoretical noises; a person with corrupt conduct and evil intentions, no matter how beautiful the words are, can only be a temporary deception.

3. The appeal of the speech’s viewpoints

Any speech is inseparable from talking about theories and viewpoints. But discussing theories and viewpoints must not be done blindly. While paying attention to the correctness of your point of view, you must attach great importance to the acceptability of the audience. Only when the audience accepts and forms a positive response can success be achieved. The explanation of viewpoints in a speech must take into account the era and occasion where the audience is located. Different viewpoints and language expressions must be selected according to different objects and different levels of audiences, so as to ultimately achieve psychological compatibility between the speaker and the audience and the resonance of viewpoints. Successful speakers often speak words that touch the hearts of the audience, or make the audience nod in agreement, or make the audience excited, or even make the audience unable to control themselves and burst into bursts of laughter and applause. This makes the speaker and the audience blend into one, forming a harmonious voice. This kind of excitement comes from the speaker's ability to grasp the audience's confusion about what they are thinking, thinking, and saying, and to break through it. Successful speakers pay attention to the topic selection of their speeches to make them contemporary; they pay attention to the selection of viewpoints to make them scientific, practical, relevant to the audience, and innovative. It's not okay to talk the same old things; it's not okay to talk nonsense regardless of the target; it's not okay to talk nonsense regardless of the situation.

On the contrary, we should make new arguments, speak according to people, places, and events, so as to achieve the best communication between what the speaker says, what he says, what he feels, what he understands, what he does, and what he does with the audience, and form a The strongest scream.

4. The philosophy of speech thinking

Successful speeches can leave people with unforgettable words, profound thinking and wonderful inspiration for life. This external success is inseparable from internal effort, that is, the speaker's philosophical thinking, forming the quality of philosophical thinking. Whether the speaker has his own or other people's experiences, deeds, lessons, and thoughts, or his evaluation and feelings about things and events, he should think carefully and refine them to make them philosophical. Comrade Li Yanjie pointed out: Philosophy is an artistic summary of life based on profound feelings and observations of reality, in which the author's true knowledge shines. It can inspire and bring wisdom to people, cultivate sentiments, and bring benefits to people. Aesthetic pleasure. To this end, successful speakers must often observe society, gain insights into reality, think about life, engage in rational thinking, deep thinking, and philosophical generalizations. Although it is impossible for the audience to remember every word of the speaker, the philosophical language refined by the speaker can touch the hearts of the audience and give them endless thinking and profound enlightenment.

5. Diversity of speech language

The information exchange between the speaker and the audience is realized through the language of speech. Without language, speech will no longer exist. Speech language is a rich and colorful kingdom: there is both internal language that is beautiful in meaning to touch the heart, and oral language that is beautiful in sound to touch the ears; Recitation also includes the flexible use of famous quotes and aphorisms; there are both cadences and priorities; there are both high-pitched tones and low-pitched voices; there are both serious styles and witty humor, etc. A successful speech is the ability to use these languages ??in a timely, appropriate, emotional, and flexible manner. The comprehensive use of diverse languages ??allows the audience to receive multiple speech stimuli, thereby mobilizing the audience's enthusiasm for "listening", strengthening the theme of the speech, leaving a deep impression on the audience, and serving the success of the speech. It is difficult to achieve success by speaking in poor and boring language and using single and boring words.

Part 2: The qualities and abilities that a speaker should have

The speaker is the subject of the speech. He should have high cultivation and ability, use his own advantages, know his enemies and himself, Exploit strengths and avoid weaknesses

(1) The speaker must have high accomplishments and abilities

In order to achieve the best effect in the speech, the speaker should have good ideological, moral, quality, knowledge and ability. Reaching a certain standard and level, the efforts and cultivation of this is the speaker's self-cultivation. So, what qualities should a speaker have? In a nutshell, it means advanced and scientific ideas, noble moral character and rich and profound knowledge. In short, the speaker should have the comprehensive quality for the all-round development of modern people.

Let’s talk about the cultivation of thoughts, moral character, knowledge and other aspects. The speaker must have the following abilities:

1. Keen observation. Keen observation is reflected in three aspects: when preparing a speech, with keen observation, you can obtain a large amount of material from ordinary life, and through analysis and judgment, discover the essence of life and the mainstream of society; During the speech, with keen observation, you can understand the expressions, psychology and atmosphere changes of the audience, and adjust the content, method and rhythm of the speech in a timely manner; after the speech, with keen observation, you can learn from the surrounding reflections Comprehensively analyze the successes and failures of your speech to make your speech mature.

2. Rich imagination. In speeches, imagination is like the "Alchemy". With it, one can "think for thousands of years and see thousands of miles". Only then can the content of the speech be enriched, novel and colorful, and various things can be combined with the speech. When the topics are skillfully combined, thoughts will flow when speaking, and the concentration, breadth and appeal of the speech will be enhanced. This requires the speaker to work hard to cultivate his curiosity and inquiry ability, to show enthusiasm for serious study of any problem, to have an interest and desire for knowledge in everything, and to gradually increase life experience, which is the basis of imagination.

3. Strong memory.

In the preparation stage before giving a speech, a speaker reads a lot, absorbs a wealth of knowledge, and masters a large amount of materials and information. When writing a speech, he relies on his memory to organize it into the manuscript quickly and accurately, just like taking things from a bag. . In a speech, you also need to rely on your memory to keep the main materials, ideas, examples, etc. of the speech in mind. Only in this way can you speak eloquently and eloquently.

4. Good expression. Speech without oral expression skills is incredible. Speaker ethics must have good oral expression skills. No matter how well-written a speech is, if you can't express it clearly, you still can't be a speaker. Of course, oral expression ability is not innate, it can be cultivated and trained. Generally speaking, through training in reading lectures, you can achieve fluent oral expression with cadence. The so-called reading means silent reading, reading aloud, and fast reading; the so-called speaking means having the courage to speak and practice on any occasion, time, and opportunity, and you will definitely improve over time.

Above we talked about the accomplishments and abilities that speakers should have. In fact, the abilities that a speaker should possess are far more than these. For example, a speaker should have the mind of an entrepreneur; the skills of a propagandist; the tongue and demeanor of a diplomat; the knowledge and analysis, synthesis, and judgment abilities of a theorist; and the narrative and description abilities of a writer. ; It should have the humor of a cross talk master, etc. In a word, the higher and deeper the quality and ability of a speaker are, the greater the probability of a successful speech. Therefore, there is no end to the cultivation of a speaker’s accomplishments and abilities.

(2) Speakers on the stage pay attention to appearance

To make a good speech or impromptu speech, you mainly rely on good language skills, but also supplemented by beautiful speech posture. Stance refers to aspects such as appearance, posture, expression, and movements. It includes standing and sitting, eyes, gestures, body movements, steps, etc. Speaking is a sound language that gives people an auditory image; acting is a silent language that gives people a visual image. As the saying goes: "Flowers are good and green leaves are needed to support them." If spoken language is a red flower, silent language is a green leaf. Just "speaking" without "acting", or just "acting" without "speaking", does not constitute a speech. Only the combination of movement and stillness, and the organic integration of the two, can form a complete speech form. Only when voice, color, posture and emotion complement each other can it be called a superior speech. . The speaker's demeanor, appearance, and demeanor should leave the best impression on the audience.

Part 3: Five characteristics of successful speeches

From ancient times to the present, successful speakers are everywhere, so what characteristics do their speeches have? Now, the author has prepared five characteristics of a successful speech for you.

First, the purpose of a successful speech is very clear, and its purpose has a certain degree of truth. We know that a speech has a certain central idea, and everything said is to achieve or target a certain purpose. Truth means that the goal expressed by the speaker is positive and has positive meaning. In short, a successful speech must promote truth, goodness, and beauty.

Secondly, we often laugh at those people who speak better than they sing but have poor execution ability in actual actions. They are called "giants in thought and dwarfs in action." A successful speaker is often not like this. The person himself adds his own personality charm to the speech. Therefore, one of the characteristics of a successful speech is the speaker's necessary charisma. Charisma is not uniform, it varies from speaker to speaker, but speaking is a verbal art, and generally all successful speakers will not give people the impression of an action dwarf who "talks in vain." Of course, personality charm also includes the speaker's external image. Although the external appearance is not as important as the person's character and morality, it is also the key point, and it may even have a more direct impact on the audience.

Third, a successful speech must be inspiring. Human beings exist as a group animal. Speech, as a kind of fair behavior for human beings, is bound to be inseparable from others. Successful speeches often resonate with the audience. Speech is a kind of communication activity in the form of one-to-many. The speaker and the audience convey information through language carrier. Because it is one-way, can the expressed thoughts resonate with the audience? It is the criterion that distinguishes a successful speech from a failure. If an excellent speaker "plays the piano to a cow", then he must not have the appeal, and of course the speech activity must be a failure.

Fourth, successful speeches possess the philosophy of thinking. The philosophy here is a further sublimation of the truth of the first characteristic purpose. Truth means that the direction of the speech is correct, and philosophical thinking means that it can have a positive impact on the correctness of the purpose of the speech content and cause people to think, and even this thinking rises to the level of the audience. The effect of positive changes in behavior.

The fifth is the richness of speech skills. There are many speaking skills, but the speaking skills of successful speakers must be rich. Richness does not mean that more is better, but that successful speeches often make the right choices, that is, choice is the most important thing. With the first, second, and third points, it means that you have high-quality content. With the fourth point, it means that you have the possibility of producing positive effects. But only by practicing the fifth point can you finally convey excellent speech content to the audience. Speech audience, so the richness of speech skills means the smooth flow of speech channels, and the correct choice of speech skills around the audience is the key.

Part 3: Answers to Assignments 1 to 5 of the "Speech and Eloquence" Form Test

1. Single choice (only one answer is correct, no points will be awarded for multiple choices or incorrect choices (each answer is correct) Question 2 points, ***20 points)) 1. Speech is inseparable from audio language and ( ). (2 points)

A. Gesture movements

B. Body language

C. Eye contact

D. Head movements< /p>

2. From the mid-5th century BC to when Aristotle wrote ( ), it was a period of gradual improvement and formation of speech. (2 points)

A. "On Orators"

B. "The Analects of Confucius"

C. "Speech Studies"

D. "Rhetoric"

3. Lu Xun gave a speech titled () in Guangzhou in 1927, which is a model of academic speech. (2 points)

A. "Metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties"

B. "The relationship between the style and articles of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and medicine and wine"

C. "Wei and Jin Styles"

D. "A Brief History of Chinese Novels"

4. The theme of the speech can only be ( ). (2 points)

A. Four

B. One

C. Two

D. Three

5. Which of the following statements is wrong about the characteristics of economic speeches. ( ) (2 points)

A. Clear language, mainly explanation

B. High degree of reality-seeking

C. Fierce agitation

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D. Pay attention to information and pay attention to strategy

6. The essence of speech activities is the transmission of information and the process of (). (2 points)

A. Evaluation

B. Acceptance

C. Dissemination

D. Feedback

7. The speaker’s language is always ( ). (2 points)

A. Communication style

B. Dialogue style

C. Monologue style

D. Narration style

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8. Speech is a social practice activity with ( ) and artistic qualities. (2 points)

A. Popularity

B. Ideality

C. Reality

D. Sociality

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9. Which of the following options is incorrect? ( ) (2 points)

A. Xunzi said: "It is just expressive words."

B. Confucius said: "Words are wordless, but actions are not far-reaching."

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C. Mencius said: "Don't use words to harm your words, and don't use words to harm your ambition."

D. Mozi said: "The discussion seeks to compare the words of the group." It requires paying attention to various aspects. Comparison of expression methods.

Not marked

10. Which of the following options is incorrect. ( ) (2 points)

A. Speeches cannot spread knowledge.

B. Speech is a powerful weapon in political struggle.

C. Speech is an ideal bargaining chip for economic activities.

D. Speeches are a rallying cry to boost morale.

2. Short answer questions

1. Briefly describe the principles of collecting materials. (10 points)

Answer: 1 Orientation. 2 full. 3 real. 4 fresh. 5 typical. 6 Be specific. 7 Touching

2. How to choose a speech topic? (10 points)

Answer: 1 Experience the spirit of the times and follow the trend of history. 2. Suit the audience’s requirements and the content is targeted. 3. In line with your own identity, you might as well: "be familiar with it". 4. Pay attention to the occasion of the speech and consider the scheduled time.

3. Briefly describe the social function of the speech. (10 points)

Answer: 1 A powerful weapon in political struggle. 2. An ideological bargaining chip for economic activities. 4. An effective way to spread knowledge. 6. An important criterion for talent assessment. , Briefly describe the characteristics of speech. (10 points)

Answer: 1 Speech is a realistic and artistic social practice activity

2 Speech must be in a specific time and space environment.

3 Speech is inseparable from vocal language and body language

3. Explanation of terms

1. Moral speech: (5 points)

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It is a kind of speech for the purpose of ideological and moral education.

2. Speech: (5 points)

It refers to the use of audio language in a specific time and space environment. It is a direct artistic social practice that uses body language and body language as a means to openly convey information, express opinions, clarify matters, and express emotions. > 4. Writing questions

1. On May 4th Youth Day, the school organized a speech event with the theme of praising the spirit of May 4th. Please write a speech with a word count of 800~1000. Between words. Score points: (1) The theme is clear (5 points) (2) The structure is complete (5 points) (3) The material is substantial (5 points) (4) Well-founded (5 points) (5) The sentences are smooth ( 5 points) (6) The topic is profound and rich in literary talent (5 points) (30 points)

"Speech and Eloquence" Form Test Task 2

1. Single choice (only one answer is correct, no points will be awarded for multiple or incorrect choices (2 points for each question, maximum 20 points))

1. Regarding the role of speech drafts, which of the following statements is incorrect ( ). (2 points)

A. It can test the practicality of the material selection and outline to further ensure the perfection of the content.

B. Avoid thinking about words and sentences on the spot and enhance the appeal of the language.

C. Ensure smooth flow of ideas and help eliminate stage fright.

D. Limit speech thinking and make the speech unsmooth.

2. Which of the following options. It is not a characteristic of impromptu speech ( ) (2 points)

A. Presence

B. Agility

C. Conciseness

D. Preparation

3. Regarding the beginning of the speech, which of the following options is wrong () (2 points)

A. "Those who are good at starting are. Half the battle is over. ”

B. The beginning needs to firmly capture the audience’s interest.

C. A good beginning is half the battle.

D. The beginning is not important .

4. Regarding the structure of the speech, which of the following is not an integral part of the speech.

( ) (2 points)

A. Preface

B. Beginning

C. Middle

D. End

5. Impromptu speaking requires repeated training. There are two training methods: ( ) (2 points)

A. Pay attention to accumulating materials and strengthen thinking ability training

B. Pay attention Accumulate materials and learn well to remember

C. Strengthen thinking ability training and improve psychological quality

D. Improve psychological quality and accumulate materials

6. Lu Xun in In the speech "Before Genius", he said: "Once, Napoleon crossed the Alps and said: 'I am higher than the Alps!' How majestic this is! However, don't forget that there are many soldiers behind him; if not A soldier can only be caught or driven back by the enemy on the other side of the mountain. If his actions and words deviate from the boundaries of a hero, he will be classified as a lunatic. Therefore, I think that before asking for the emergence of genius, we should. Ask first for the people who can make genius grow. "This way of speaking is a () skill. (2 points)

A. Attract suspense, respond in response

B. Play hard to get, win by surprise

C. Take the initiative, take the lead

D. Euphemistic and funny, winding paths lead to tranquility

7. In the process of revising the speech, revising the material is an important step. There are three main methods: "add", "deletion" and "()" . (2 points)

A. Supplement

B. Add

C. Replace

D. Correct

8. "Today I brought you a special gift. (Holds up a small copper box)?" Which form of opening of a speech does this expression belong to? ( ) (2 points)

A. Expressive expression

B. Demonstrative expression

C. Reference expression

D. Questioning format

9. "The Yangtze River is crying and the Yellow River is wailing. In the vast land of China, how many people are displaced and their wives and children are separated?" This way of expression belongs to the ( ) word pattern. (2 points)

A. Metaphor

B. Comparison

C. Contrast

D. Exaggeration

10. In a speech, ( ) is the soul that dominates the entire speech. (2 points)

A. Theme

B. The beginning

C. The middle

D. The end

2. Short answer (short answer questions, and analysis and explanation (10 points for each question, maximum 40 points))

1. What are the strategies and techniques for speaking? (10 points)

Answer: 1. Play hard to get and win by surprise. 2. Suspense attracts and responds accordingly. 3. Take the initiative and take the lead. 4. The fun is not over yet, and the winding paths lead to secluded places.

2. What forms can be used at the beginning of a speech? (10 points)

Answer: (1) Starting with a question type

(2) Starting with a narrative type

(3) Starting with a problem solving type

(4) The beginning of the expressive style

(5) The beginning of the lyrical style

(6) The beginning of the demonstrative style

3. Brief description of improvisation Characteristics of speech. (10 points)

Answer: (1) Presence

(2) Agility

(3) Conciseness

< p>　4. How to modify the speech? (10 points)

Answer: (1) Correct the point of view. (2) Add or delete materials. (3) Adjust the structure. (4) Change techniques. (5) Modification language.

3. Explanation of nouns (please give a brief explanation of each noun. (5 points for each question, ***10 points))

1. Figures of speech: (5 points)

Figures of speech are rhetorical methods used to express certain ideological content, have special rhetorical effects and a certain language form.

2. Horizontal combination structure: (5 points)

Horizontal combination structure refers to the expansion according to the components of things, or the expansion according to the spatial distribution, or according to the properties of things. The structural form of relationship unfolding.

IV. Writing (writing question (30 points))

1. On the "May 4th" Youth Day, the school organized a speech event with the theme of praising the spirit of the May 4th. Please write a speech about this. (30 points)

Regarding youth, everyone has their own story, their own sad or secretly happy thoughts.

Just like now, I am standing here, standing in my university, standing in the place where I have wanted to study and live countless times, but I find that I miss my high school time more and more... .

That year, I was still standing in front of the college entrance examination with my head down and chewing books. Now, I am fighting against laziness for the upcoming exam;

That year, I was still able to read books as soon as I opened my eyes. Seeing the snow-white ceiling on the small bed, I memorized the words that were about to be dictated. Now, I am always sitting on the floor

Typing on the keyboard and typing words under the mosquito net;

That year, I still fantasized about how much freedom I would have when I went to college, but now I am fighting for my own future in freedom;

That year, there was only one way in front of me - college. I could concentrate on it without any distractions. Nowadays, there are many roads in front of me, but I don’t know how to take the next step;

That year, I could talk to myself on the way to school in the early morning and recall the comprehensive content I reviewed the night before. Now , but I didn’t want to get up so early after finishing my morning run;

That year, I could shout that I was underage to stimulate a group of 20-year-olds who claimed to be “old”. Now, , but I also became them.

Two years later, there is no more my dad waking me up in the morning, no more milk boiled for me late at night by my mother and her concerned eyes, no more excitement of hiding under the quilt and reading novels in the middle of the night, no more No more the sense of accomplishment of staying up until early in the morning, no more the nervousness of watching TV while my mother went shopping for groceries, no more the drive and enthusiasm to write papers like crazy, no more leisurely chatting with my parents after dinner every day, no more reading classes every morning The writing skills of copying answers to homework assignments are as fast as flying. There are no more frequent exams, and there are no small notes that keep pace with the times and never disappear. Tests, and no more the resentment of secretly making up one's mind to take the exam to the top ten schools in Jiangnan after the report card is issued. No more, all of this is gone...

In fact, it is only a year or two. , why I seem to have stepped out of my original life and entered a different world. Every day I can play with the computer I dreamed of before, and even have my own laptop. I walk around the school every day as a walk. I can have lunch before 12 o'clock, and I don't have to wait until 7 o'clock to get home to eat. For dinner, I need to do my own laundry and worry about what to wear tomorrow so that I don’t get too hot or cold. I need to buy fruits and daily necessities from time to time. I realize that money is something that is not easily spent. Do I need to remind myself to work hard for my GPA? Me I must have grown up. Although I still often lose my temper willfully, and I still read books without restraint and watch videos halfway through, but it’s time for me to grow up.

Two years are not enough to change anything, but it seems that everything has changed. The years are too long to bear, and I can only carve my life on the parallel lines of the passing years. Maybe, one day in the future, I will look through these memories and reminisce about these stories of youth. By then, what earth-shaking changes will there be?

Sometimes when I think about my future life, I can’t help but worry about my current situation.

Should I take the postgraduate entrance examination, go abroad, find a job or take the civil service examination? Should I go to the big four, banks, foreign companies or courts...? Faced with so many choices, I will suddenly feel at a loss, confused and hesitant! Shanghai is so big, where is my destination? Can I find an ideal job with my current abilities and experience? These questions one after another often make me, who was once heartless, unable to sleep for a long time...

So some people choose to degenerate and give up on themselves, and there are also many people who resolutely follow their choice. Keep going, strive to grow, and have hope!

Yes, we will feel confused, but who has not been confused in their youth? Whose youth is not full of unknowns?

Youth is our biggest bet. With it, we can passionately pursue everything we yearn for, but please remember: we can be confused, but we should never be lost!

Thank you everyone!