Wen Yi, a model teaching plan for the protection of geographical biodiversity in senior high schools in 2020
Section IV Biodiversity Protection
Class schedule: 1 class hour
Teaching purpose: 1. Understand the level of biodiversity, the number and distribution of species on the earth.
2. Understand the natural and man-made causes of species extinction.
3. Understand the significance of biological species resources to human beings, and gradually establish the consciousness of loving and protecting nature.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
Key points: 1,
Difficulties: Natural and Man-made Causes of Species Extinction
Teaching aid preparation: multimedia pictures
Teaching methods: lectures, case analysis, inquiry teaching, etc.
Teaching process:
Introduction: "Unequal polymorphism is the source of happiness." It is Russell's pursuit of the existence, communication and harmonious coexistence of all groups, races, multiculturalism and lifestyles in human society. But today, the reality of our pursuit of sawtooth polymorphism may be more transferred to the natural environment on which human beings depend. ? Due to the negative impact of human activities on forests, grasslands and wetlands, the biodiversity loss caused by species extinction on the earth is becoming more and more serious. Biodiversity protection has become an important part of ecological environment protection.
First, the cause of species extinction-natural factors
1, the relationship between biodiversity and species extinction:
Biodiversity includes genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity, and species extinction is a concrete manifestation of biodiversity reduction.
Q: Is extinction and endangerment the same thing?
Embrace: The difference between species extinction and species endangerment is that they are at different stages of the extinction process of a particular species. The object of species diversity protection is endangered species rather than extinct species.
Question: Can students give some examples of species extinction?
For example, (1) 245 million years ago, 95% of all animals, almost the whole animal kingdom, vanished into thin air, which is considered as the most horrible extinction event in history.
(2) An article published in National Geographic pointed out that in the past 600 years, at least 44,000 kinds of insects have disappeared from the earth. What is even more surprising is that the trend of mass extinction will worsen year by year. It is predicted that hundreds of thousands of insects may become extinct in the next 50 years.
Question: Is extinction just an accidental misfortune?
Hug: The answer is no. A species, like its individual, has a process of occurrence, development and extinction.
? Please read the last two paragraphs of the textbook P 107 and the reading materials on page P 108, so as to realize that species extinction is not an accident. Prompt students to compare from three aspects: quantity, distribution and life span.
Hugging: Through the above comparison, we can see that species extinction is a normal natural phenomenon.
2. Species extinction is a normal natural phenomenon.
Q: So what natural factors are related to species extinction?
Hugging: The extinction of species may be caused by volcanic eruption, meteorite impact on the earth and climate change.
Transition: Although species extinction is a normal natural phenomenon, contemporary people are increasingly worried about the speed of the disappearance of animal and plant species in the world today. Scientists warn that life on earth is dying out faster than ever before. According to Nature magazine, more than 1 10,000 species of terrestrial life will disappear from the earth within 50 years. With the rapid growth of population, global warming and the deterioration of natural environment, the creatures on the earth experienced the sixth extinction in history.
Second, human activities have accelerated the extinction of species.
1, the correlation between population and species extinction;
Read Figure 4. 13 and analyze the following problems:
(1). What is the changing trend of the world population in the past 300 years?
(2) What is the trend of global species extinction in recent 300 years?
(3) What is the correlation between the world population and the number of species extinction?
(4). What conclusions or inferences have you drawn from this?
Direction: the population is increasing; The number of species extinction is also increasing → the increase of world population is positively related to the number of species extinction. Human activities have accelerated species extinction.
2. The relationship between human activities and species extinction in different periods:
Question: What is the difference between human activities and species extinction in different periods?
Hugging: The early hunting and gathering of human beings aggravated the extinction of species, but now it is accelerated by pollution and the destruction of ecosystems.
3, the impact of human activities on species extinction rate:
Read the case and supplementary materials on page P 109 of the textbook, so that students can realize that the speed of species extinction caused by human activities is accelerating.
Supplementary materials:
Every hour, a species goes extinct and the earth is labeled as dead.
Every hour, a species will be extinct from the earth forever. It is hard to imagine that a species that has survived thousands of years of natural selection will end its powerful evolutionary history within an hour. This is just a microcosm of wild animals being wiped out by human beings.
The development history of human society can be said to be the history of continuous development of human utilization of wildlife resources. However, in the nearly 200 years since the industrial revolution, with the expansion of population and the rapid development of economy, the species and quantity of wild animals and plants have been surprising.
The speed of people decreases. According to scientists' estimation, due to the strong interference of human activities, the rate of species loss in modern times is 1 10,000 times faster than natural extinction and 1 10,000 times faster than formation, and the rate of species loss is accelerated from 1 species per day to 1 species per hour. According to the World Red Book, 1 10 species and subspecies of mammals and 139 species and subspecies of birds disappeared from the earth in the 20th century. Since16th century, about 150 species of birds, 95 species of mammals and 80 species of amphibians and reptiles have become extinct on the earth. At present, 593 species of birds, more than 400 species of animals, 209 species of amphibians and reptiles and more than 20,000 species of higher plants are on the verge of extinction.
In addition to irresistible natural history and natural disasters, human activities are the main cause of species extinction, especially the predatory utilization of wildlife resources by human beings caused by commercial trade, which is an important factor for species endangered or even extinct. At present, the scale of illegal wildlife smuggling in the world has reached an alarming level, becoming the third largest illegal trade after weapons and drugs smuggling. 1 The trained falcon is worth 5000 to 20000 dollars; 1 parrot is worth about 4000 to 40000 dollars; 1 kg musk is worth $50000; 1 Tibetan antelope cashmere scarf is worth $35000; 1 orchids can also cost as much as $2,000; 1 candelabra cactus can reach 7000 dollars. All these have a monetary scale of at least $6 billion.
Wen Er, a model teaching plan for the protection of geographical biodiversity in senior high schools in 2020
biodiversity protection
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Thinking and Exploration: What kind of environmental problems are reflected in today's pictures? What is the reason?
Tip: Biodiversity is destroyed. The reason is the destruction of forests, grasslands, environmental pollution and the massive killing of wild animals by human beings, which leads to the extinction or endangered of many rare biological populations.
———————— Remember the basics.
1. Is extinction normal?
1. Biodiversity level
Genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
2. Characteristics of Earth species
(1) Quantity: 5 million to 50 million species.
(2) Distribution: Mainly distributed in tropical areas, with the most abundant species living in tropical rain forests and coral reefs.
3. Evolution
There are processes of occurrence, development and extinction, and species extinction is a normal natural phenomenon.
Second, human activities have accelerated the extinction of species.
It shows that hunting, gathering, pollution and ecological destruction have accelerated the extinction of species, most of which are plants and insects.
———————————————— Grasp the key and difficult points ————————————————————————————————————————————————————.
First, the causes of species extinction
Species extinction is a normal natural phenomenon, and the unreasonable production and life of human beings have accelerated the speed of species extinction.
The reason shows that the average life span of natural species is about 5 million years. In the last 200 million years in the history of the earth,1./kloc-0 has been extinct once a year on average. The original reason is that in the early days of human society, people made a living by hunting and gathering, which aggravated the extinction of species. The hunting history of 3 million years is one of the reasons why wild animals in many areas are on the verge of extinction. ① Large-scale felling, burning and reclamation of forests, overgrazing and reclamation of grasslands, and the development of industry, cities and transportation occupy a lot of land, which leads to the destruction and loss of the living environment of wild animals, and the rest is fragmented, which has a devastating impact on wild species. (2) High-intensity hunting and collecting species make it difficult for wild species to reproduce normally; (3) The introduction or invasion of a large number of alien species has seriously threatened the original species; (4) Soil, water and air pollution are harmful to forests, especially to relatively closed aquatic ecosystems.
Second, protect biodiversity.
Measures to protect biodiversity mainly include in-situ conservation and ex-situ conservation, as follows:
1. Establish a nature reserve to protect the ecosystem.
2. Move some endangered species out of their original habitat and enter an appropriate environment for special protection and management, such as establishing animal and botanical gardens and endangered animal breeding centers.
3. Establish seed banks of endangered species, such as plant seed banks and animal sperm banks, to protect genetic resources.
4. The state promulgates relevant laws and regulations.
[Extension and popularization]
The value of biodiversity
(1) Ecological value: maintaining energy flow, purifying environment, improving soil, conserving water and regulating microclimate. Colorful creatures and their environment together constitute the ecosystem on which human beings depend.
(2) Economic value: providing food and important industrial products such as wood, fiber, oil and rubber. In the final analysis, human survival and development depend on all kinds of creatures in nature.
(3) Edible value: Many wild creatures are nutritious and delicious, and they are excellent foods.
(4) Medicinal value: Many wild creatures can provide important medicinal materials for human beings.
(5) Scientific research value: both bionics and improvement of animal and plant varieties need wild animals.
(6) Social value: All kinds of creatures give people beautiful enjoyment and are the source of artistic creation and scientific invention. The diversity of human culture largely comes from the diversity of organisms and their environment.
————— Application experience is indispensable—
1. (National Volume II) Read the material and answer the questions.
Chinese merganser is a first-class protected bird in China. At present, there are only about 1 000 birds in the world. Chinese merganser lives in wetlands such as rivers and small lakes, and mainly feeds on freshwater fish and shrimp. The population of merganser in China, which takes a river in Changbai Mountain as its breeding ground, is more than 50 in spring, and the number increases to about 200 in autumn. However, only nearly 100 of them reached the wintering ground in northeast Jiangxi, and only more than 50 returned to the breeding ground in the following spring.
This paper analyzes the possible reasons for the continuous death of Chinese merganser during migration, which leads to the decrease of its population, and puts forward some protection countermeasures.
Analysis: The possible reasons for the continuous death of Chinese merganser during migration should be analyzed from the aspects of lack of rest and foraging places on the migration route, eating contaminated food by mistake, hunting people or animals and so on. We should analyze the protection countermeasures from the aspects of restoring wetlands, controlling pollution, prohibiting hunting, observing and protecting, and doing a good job in publicity.
Answer: possible reasons: lack of rest and foraging places on the migration route, such as wetlands, fatigue and hunger lead to death; Eating contaminated fish and shrimp; Hunting of people, animals, etc.
Protection countermeasures: build and restore wetlands on the migration route so that the distance between wetlands is less than the migration distance of one day; Control water pollution; No hunting; Establish observation points on the migration route and organize volunteers to observe and protect; Do a good job in protecting Chinese merganser.
2. (Hainan College Entrance Examination) The expressway is a fully enclosed man-made belt structure, which has a great impact on wildlife when crossing the nature reserve. This paper discusses the adverse effects of expressways on wildlife in nature reserves, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions to reduce their adverse effects.
Analysis: The expressway is completely closed. When it passes through the nature reserve, it will cut off the migration route of wild animals and narrow the range of activities of wild animals. At the same time, passing vehicles will have a great impact on the lives of wild animals. Therefore, when the expressway passes through the nature reserve, attention should be paid to the construction of wildlife passages or the use of viaducts.
A: Adverse effects: the habitat and food sources of wild animals are reduced, the migration passage is blocked, and the activity area is reduced. Noise interferes with the life of animals. Interfere with animal behaviors such as mate selection, calving and breastfeeding.
Suggestion: build ecological corridor or biological channel; Tunnels, bridges, etc. It should be adopted. (as long as the answer is reasonable)
Eq avs4al([ textbook question prompt])
P67 Thinking Tips 1. Increase rapidly.
2. grow up.
3. There is a positive correlation between the world population growth and the number of species extinction.
4. The large increase of population makes people kill species excessively, and environmental pollution and ecological destruction accelerate species extinction. People must protect natural resources, protect the natural environment and strengthen the protection of biodiversity.
P69 Thinking Tips 1. Many tropical rain forest species have disappeared from the earth before human beings know their value, which will greatly reduce human ability to resist the crisis and face the threat of survival. Humans must strengthen the study of tropical rain forest species and protect the tropical rain forest.
3. Wild creatures live with us in the natural environment. We should not eat wild animals, but should protect their living environment.
2020 senior high school geography biodiversity protection teaching plan model Wensan
1. Biodiversity level, number and distribution of species on the earth.
2. Natural and man-made causes of species extinction.
3. Through case analysis, the measures to protect biodiversity are put forward.
1. Is extinction normal?
1. Three levels of biodiversity
Genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
2. Earth species
(1) Quantity: 5 million to 50 million species.
(2) Distribution: 3/4 live in the tropics.
(3) Life span: about 5 million years on average.
(4) Natural extinction: A species is extinct once a year on average1./kloc-0.
Second, human activities have accelerated the extinction of species.
1. The rate of species extinction: increase.
2. Species extinction: mainly plants and insects.
3. The role of species
It is also impossible to estimate the value of human beings and their role in the ecosystem.
4. Human measures
Reverse the trend of accelerated extinction of species and strengthen biodiversity protection.
1. Species extinction is a normal phenomenon. (√)
2. The destruction of forests, grasslands, wetlands and other ecosystems by human activities will not lead to the reduction of biodiversity. (×)
3. With the accelerated growth of population, species extinction tends to accelerate. (√)
In order to protect biodiversity, we should transfer all endangered animals and plants from their original habitats to animal and plant parks for special management and protection. (×)
China has found a large area of wild soybean population in the Yellow River Delta, and the relevant state departments have ordered vigorous protection. The main reasons for protecting wild soybean population are (a)
A. protect biodiversity, from which useful biological genes can be obtained.
B. wild soybean is a first-class feed with high economic value.
C. the role of wild soybean in soil and water conservation is stronger than that of other vegetation.
D. Wild soybean is a common landscaping plant.
Knowledge Point Species Extinction and Biodiversity Protection [Problem Exploration]
Read the textbook P67 Figure 4. 13 and explore the following questions.
(1) As can be seen from the figure, in recent 300 years, the world population has shown a trend of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the number of species extinction in the world has shown a trend of _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and there is a correlation between them.
(2) What conclusions or inferences have you drawn from this?
(3) What measures should human beings take to protect biodiversity?
Answer: (1) rises to positive.
(2) Human activities (population increase) have accelerated species extinction.
(3) Establish nature reserves-in-situ protection, move endangered species into suitable environment-ex situ protection, establish endangered species and seed bank-in vitro protection, and promulgate corresponding laws and regulations.
[Summary and deepening]
1. Causes of species extinction
Species extinction is a normal natural phenomenon, and the unreasonable production and life of human beings have accelerated the speed of species extinction.
The reason shows that the average life span of natural species is about 5 million years. Since the last 200 million years in the history of the earth, one species has become extinct on average 1. 1 year. Early human society made a living by hunting and gathering, which aggravated species extinction. The hunting history of 3 million years is one of the reasons why wild animals in many areas are on the verge of extinction.
Large-scale logging, burning and reclamation of forests, overgrazing and reclamation of grasslands, industrial, urban and transportation development occupy a large amount of land, which leads to the destruction and loss of the living environment of wild animals, and the rest is fragmented, which has a devastating impact on wild species; High-intensity hunting and collecting species make it difficult for wild species to reproduce normally; The introduction or invasion of a large number of alien species has seriously threatened the original species; Soil, water and air pollution have damaged forests, especially relatively closed aquatic ecosystems. 2. Protect biodiversity.
Biodiversity is the basis of human survival and development, but it is decreasing because human activities are accelerating the extinction of species. There are two measures to protect biodiversity: in-situ protection and ex-situ protection. The specific measures are as follows: (1) Establish nature reserves to protect the ecosystem; (2) Move some endangered species out of their original habitat and enter an appropriate environment for special protection and management, such as establishing an animal and botanical garden and an endangered animal breeding center; (3) Establish seed banks of endangered species, such as plant seed banks and animal sperm banks, to protect genetic resources. In addition, relevant laws and regulations should be promulgated.
[Learning Guidance] Understand the levels of biodiversity and the causes of species extinction and biodiversity reduction by graphic methods.
[Peer-to-Peer Practice]
1. Read the material and answer related questions.
Chinese merganser is a first-class protected bird in China. At present, there are only about 1 000 birds in the world. Chinese merganser lives in wetlands such as rivers and small lakes, and mainly feeds on freshwater fish and shrimp. The population of merganser in China, which takes a river in Changbai Mountain as its breeding ground, is more than 50 in spring, and the number increases to about 200 in autumn. However, only nearly 100 arrived in the wintering area in northeast Jiangxi, and only 50 returned to the breeding ground in the next spring.
This paper analyzes the possible reasons for the continuous death of Chinese merganser during migration, which leads to the decrease of its population, and puts forward some protection countermeasures.
Analysis: The possible reasons for the continuous death and decrease of Chinese merganser in the migration process should be analyzed from the aspects of lack of rest and foraging places on the migration route, eating contaminated food by mistake, being hunted by people or animals and so on. We should analyze the protection countermeasures from the aspects of restoring wetlands, controlling pollution, prohibiting hunting, observing and protecting, and doing a good job in publicity.
Answer: possible reasons: lack of rest and foraging places on the migration route, such as wetlands, fatigue and hunger lead to death; Eating contaminated fish and shrimp; Hunting of people, animals, etc.
Protection countermeasures: build and restore wetlands on the migration route so that the distance between wetlands is less than the migration distance of one day; Control water pollution; No hunting; Establish observation points on the migration route and organize volunteers to observe and protect; Do a good job in protecting Chinese merganser.
2. Read the material and answer the following questions.
Materials-Black-crowned gibbon is the main experimental animal in zoology, psychology, anthropology and sociology, which is only distributed in Hainan Island and Xishuangbanna. Due to human hunting, there are only about 30 black-crowned gibbons left in Hainan Island, mainly living in Bawangling forest area.
Material 2 According to the data reprinted by the French magazine Science and Future, the number of endangered animals and plants in the world has reached 10954, including 5423 species of animals and 553 species of plants. Take animals for example. One third of fish, one quarter of mammals and reptiles in the world are in danger of extinction. In addition, compared with the statistics of 1996, the number of threatened birds increased from 2059 to 2 1.33, that of mammals increased from 1.978 to 2 1.33, and that of reptiles increased from 407 to 454.
Material 3 The picture below shows the reasons for the extinction of mammals and birds.
What are the ecological problems reflected in the above materials?
(2) What are the main reasons for the extinction of mammalian species?
(3) Why do humans try their best to protect the diversity of biological species?
Analysis: Question (1), through the data provided by the materials, it shows that the world's biodiversity is decreasing and species extinction is accelerating. Question (2): According to the information in Figure 3, there are two main reasons why mammals are threatened: poaching and habitat loss. Question (3), protecting the diversity of biological species is not only conducive to protecting the living environment of human beings, but also can make full use of the various values of organisms.
Answer: (1) Biodiversity decreases and species extinction accelerates.
(2) Poaching and habitat loss.
(3) First, in order to maintain ecological balance, protect the living environment of human beings and leave a broad living space for future generations; Second, the utilization value of many creatures has yet to be studied, developed and utilized by human beings.
Biodiversity is the result of the development and evolution of life on earth after billions of years, and it is the material basis for human survival. 1992 At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, the then capital of Brazil, 153 countries signed the Convention on Biological Diversity. Answer the question accordingly 1 ~ 2.
1. Biodiversity does not include ()
A.b. species diversity
C. Ecological environment diversity D. Ecosystem diversity
2. The following statement about species extinction is true ()
A. Species extinction is a normal natural phenomenon, and there is nothing human beings can do about it.
The number of species is so huge that we don't have to worry about it.
C. Mass extinction of species can greatly reduce biodiversity in a short time, but after the disaster, new species are produced, which makes biodiversity increase again.
D The number of newly discovered species exceeds the number of extinct or endangered species, so we should be optimistic about biodiversity.
Analysis: 1. C 2。 C topic 1, biodiversity includes genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. Question 2: Although species extinction is a normal natural phenomenon, human activities can accelerate or delay its extinction. Species extinction will reduce biodiversity, but after species extinction will produce new species and increase biodiversity.
3. The species in the world are mainly distributed in ()
A. Tropical region B. Temperate region
C. Alpine areas D. Cold areas
Analysis: It is estimated that there are 5 million to 50 million species on the earth, of which 3/4 live in the tropics, and the species living in tropical rainforests and coral reefs are the most abundant.
4. The following statement about the impact of human activities on species extinction is wrong ()
A. human hunting and gathering activities have accelerated the speed of species extinction.
B. Industrial pollution and ecological destruction caused by human activities have accelerated species extinction.
C. At present, the acceleration of species extinction is mainly caused by changes in the natural environment.
D. the number of people is related to the speed of species extinction.
Analysis: unreasonable human activities are the main reason for the acceleration of species extinction at present.
5. Some lawless elements poach Tibetan antelopes in the northern Tibetan plateau in China, and the possible environmental problem is ()
A. the land is therefore barren, leading to desertification.
B. Intensified soil erosion
C. The carcasses of Tibetan antelopes rot and pollute the atmosphere.
D. Loss of biodiversity
Analysis: Tibetan antelopes are now few in number and close to extinction. If it is not protected, Tibetan antelopes may become extinct due to small population and human hunting, thus reducing biodiversity.
6. The picture below shows the world extinction trend. Read the pictures and materials and answer the following questions.
Nature reserves are typical areas chosen by human beings to protect species diversity and ecological environment, and the cause of nature reserves in China has flourished from scratch. Since 1956 established the first nature reserve, 1 757 nature reserves have been established, with a total area of about 13.2%, including 188 national nature reserves. Twenty-two nature reserves have been included in the United Nations "Man and Biosphere Plan".
(1) In the last 400 years, the rate of species extinction on the earth has shown a trend of _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Try to analyze the natural and man-made causes of species extinction.
Natural reasons: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Man-made reasons: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _