Now, perhaps not many people know that there was an extremely tragic battle to defend Beijing more than 540 years ago. Under the shadow of swords and swords, the man who saved the nation and saved the day is a weak scholar. Although the bonfire of war has gone away with history, we can't forget Yu Qian, a national hero who has made great achievements, an honest and clean official, and a tragic figure who went to the execution ground. & gt Yu Qian is an important minister in history. His mission is to save the destiny of the nation and the country. His life is worthy of the praise of "a loyal man, winning glory with the sun and the moon" in the history of the Ming Dynasty. His fate is closely related to two major events in the middle period (the change of civil engineering and the change of seizing the door), but the situation before and after is completely opposite, which can be described as two days of sadness and joy, which makes people sigh. & gt Yu Qian, whose real name is Ting Yi, was born in Qiantang, Zhejiang Province in the 31st year of Hongwu (1398). When he was young, he showed extraordinary temperament. It is said that when Yu Qian was seven years old, a monk saw him and thought that the child would make great achievements in the future, asserting that he was the future "prime minister to save the time". Young Yu Qian, witty, can write poetry. When he was eight years old, he used to wear red clothes and ride a horse to play. The old man next door thought it was very interesting. In the play, he said, "Hon Hai Er, ride a dark horse to swim the streets." Yu Qian replied, "Chi Di, it's right to kill the white snake. The bottom line is not only neat, but also shows his extraordinary momentum. & gt In the 19th year of Yongle (142 1), Yu Qianzhong was a scholar at the age of 24. In the first year of Xuande (1426), Hanwang Zhu took advantage of the unstable succession of the new king and rebelled in Le 'an County. Yu Qian accompanied Xuanzong to the war in person. Hanwang surrendered without fighting, and Xuanzong ordered money for several crimes. Yu Qian best decission, voice lang lang, Zhu prone on the ground, shivering. Xuanzong appreciated Yu Qian's eloquence very much. Under the arrangement of Xuanzong, Yu Qian, as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, took the title of Governor of Shanxi, Henan Province, and made great achievements. In the 13th year of orthodoxy (1448), Yu Qian entered Beijing. If there were no earth-shattering events in the second year, Yu Qian might have been a conscientious bureaucrat in the Ming court all his life. This great event pushed Yu Qian to the political front, achieved extraordinary career, and seemed to fulfill the predictions of early monks. Therefore, Yu Qian left his soul-stirring figure in the historical corridor. & gt In July of the 14th year of the Orthodox Church (1449), the leader of the Mongolian Vara Department also led fighters to invade the south in four ways. Zhu Qizhen, the young king of England, was bewitched by eunuch Wang Zhen. He dreamed of entering Mobei to build brilliant military achievements like his great-grandfather Judy, so he rashly made a personal expedition regardless of the dissuasion of ministers. On August 15, hundreds of thousands of troops of Ming Dynasty were defeated by Mongolian army in topped soil, and Yingzong became the first prisoner, which was called "the Chinese Revolution" in history. The change of civil engineering has far-reaching influence. It marks that the Ming Dynasty lost its superiority over Mongolian military power, and it is also a watershed for the Ming Dynasty to turn from prosperity to decline. > The changes in civil engineering made the situation facing the Ming Dynasty extremely dangerous. Zong Wei was also the first to be captured, and the Ming Dynasty fell into a dilemma without a monarch. At the same time, Yingzong became a bargaining chip in Xian Ye's hands, and he could blackmail Mingting for a price anytime and anywhere. First, he held Yingzong hostage, took advantage of the new victory of civil engineering, and led the people straight to Beijing, hoping to capture the capital of the Ming Dynasty in one fell swoop. However, hundreds of thousands of Ming troops were defeated in the battle of Civil Fort, and the defenders in Beijing were empty and the situation was in jeopardy. & gt At that time, people in Beijing were in panic, and many large families fled to the south. Up and down the court, ministers were surprised and at a loss. The Empress Dowager and Empress Yingzong looted all the treasures in the palace and carried them to Ye Xianying with eight healthy horses, hoping to exchange them for Yingzong's freedom. Of course, this kind of woman's opinion will have no practical effect. & gt It is at this critical juncture that concerns the survival of the country and the safety of the nation that a group of loyal and righteous ministers, represented by Yu Qian, quickly and decisively took a series of measures to completely smash Xian Ye's plot and stabilize the overall situation. Yu Qian stepped forward at the moment and became the leader of the resistance. He decisively took the following measures to save the country from danger. & gt First, the discussion on the prohibition of moving south. Faced with the grim situation that the army is directly attacking Beijing, ministers have great differences on whether to fight or defend. Chenɡ· Kun, an assistant lecturer, is good at astrology. He said that astrology has changed and the court should move south. In this regard, Yu Qian has a clear understanding and resolutely opposes moving south. He snapped, "Whoever moves south can be beheaded. Capital is the foundation of the world. If you move, you will lose everything. I don't think Song is alone! " Zhu Qiyu, the supervisor of the state (chenɡ π), supports Yu Qian's view. As a result, the discussion of moving south was abandoned and the strategy of defending Beijing was decided. & gt Yu Qian's statement that those who move south can be beheaded is by no means sensational, but a well-thought-out and correct suggestion. Imagine that although the Ming Dynasty implemented the South Beijing system with Nanjing as its capital, once it moved south, Beijing fell, and the north of the Yangtze River was not owned by the Ming Dynasty court. History is a lesson. When Song Huizong and Qin Shihuang were captured, Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and lost most of their land, so they had to find a corner. If we really accept Xu Kun's idea, I'm afraid the history of China will repeat the scene of local security in the Southern Song Dynasty. & gt Deshengmen, the main battlefield of "Beijing defense war" in Ming Dynasty > Secondly, besides Wang Zhen, there is Dang Yu. Eunuch Wang Zhen can be said to be the direct person in charge of civil engineering reform. It was he who, regardless of public opinion, instigated the British Sect to make personal expedition. In the process of marching, he wanted to ask the emperor to pray for his hometown. Later, considering that the army would trample on the crops in his hometown, he diverted to declare to the government, delaying the opportunity, and the Ming army was surrounded by civil castles. The folk castle is short of water and won't last long. After being besieged for a few days, Wang Zhen ordered to move the camp, and the Walla army was besieged on all sides. Ming army chaos, heavy casualties, Wang Zhen himself died in chaos. Although Wang Zhen is dead, his comrades in Korea still exist. & gt In the Ming Dynasty, eunuch autocracy began in Wang Zhen. It is said that in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang once set up iron coupons in the palace to prohibit eunuchs from interfering in politics. He also has strict control over eunuchs. Because of this, in the battle of Jingnan, many officials fled to Judy's army and told the truth about North Korea. After Judy ascended the throne, the eunuch's status was promoted, and he was no longer only allowed to clean the affairs of the palace. Wang Zhen was a scholar and entered the palace during Yongle period. Because he had a certain cultural background, he quickly emerged, and later took charge of the ritual prison and became the "inner phase." Yingzong respected him very much, calling him "sir" instead of calling him by his first name, and was obedient to him. Therefore, many people in North Korea have taken refuge in his door. & gt After the news of the civil defeat and the capture of Yingzong reached Beijing, officials were furious and asked Wang Zhen to be the head of the family. At this time, Wang Zhen's figurehead, the Royal Guards, ordered Ma Shun to come forward to reprimand and expel the courtiers. Everyone has long been disgusted with Ma Shunping's behavior of relying on Wang Zhen every day, and now he is still arrogant. All the grievances that insult the teacher and the country point to Ma Shun. Ministers were outraged, regardless of the minister's decency, swarmed, punched and kicked, and even killed Zuo Shun's goalkeeper Ma Shun. Later, they took Wang Zhen's remaining party eunuchs Mao Gui and Changshui Wang out of the inner palace, beat them to death with their fists, and hung their bodies outside Dong 'anmen. Wang Xi, the king of prison, had never seen such a scene, panicked and wanted to retreat. At this time, Yu Qian stopped Wang and asked him to declare Ma Shun and others dead, and all the ministers involved in beating and killing people were innocent. The situation has just stabilized. When everyone left Zuo Shunmen, Wang Zhi, the official minister, shook Yu Qian's hand and sighed, "The country is counting on you. Today's situation, even if there are a hundred Wang Zhi, can't be handled well. It was at the time of national disaster that Yu Qian stepped forward and took national security as his own responsibility, which was relied on by officials. & gt Third, establish the Ming and Jing Emperor. At present, the country has no monarch, and Prince Zhu Jianshen is only three years old, so he can't shoulder the heavy responsibility of restoring the country. Yu Qian and other ministers requested Empress Dowager Cixi to make Xi Emperor Qiyu of Wang Zhu. King Zhu Qiyu of Xi is the younger brother of Yingzong. Yingzong ordered him to supervise the country before his personal expedition. At this time, he was 22 years old, only one year younger than Yingzong, and he was in his prime. In the Ming Dynasty, the eldest son succeeded to the throne. At present, King Zhu Qiyu of Xi is not qualified to succeed to the throne. However, under the special circumstances at that time, what the new emperor valued most was not his birthright, but his ability to lead officials to eliminate disasters. Therefore, King Zhu Qiyu of Xi is more suitable than Prince Zhu Jianshen. & gt When King Zhu Qiyu of Xi learned that his ministers asked him to be emperor, he was surprised, thanked him again, and even retired to Wang Fu to express his unwillingness to be emperor. This is because he is worried that his birthright is wrong, Yingzong is still alive, and Prince Zhu Jianshen will grow up, which is inevitable. In addition, Mongolian fighters Enemy at the Gates had unexpected good or bad luck. In this case, Yu Qian played a key role. He pointed out to King Zhu Qiyu of Xi, "As courtiers, we support you for the country, not for personal interests." These words made the young Zhu Qiyu realize the great responsibility he shouldered, so he stopped giving in and ascended the throne surrounded by ministers, and was named Jingtai, known as Jingdi in history. He quickly threw himself into a new role, advocating the war of resistance and opposing the southward migration, and appointed Yu Qian to be in charge of Beijing's defense. These measures laid the foundation for the final victory. Tan Qian fully affirmed Jingdi's achievements in Guoque: "After Taizu, who didn't know that the emperor who made contributions was Chengzu?" Who doesn't know that a virtuous emperor is filial piety? However, there is also a Jingdi. After the civil revolution, if there were no Jingdi, we would all be slaves under foreign rule. What are the virtues of Jingdi? One is that he is good at knowing people, and the other is that he knows how to protect people. The so-called "knowing people" mainly refers to reusing Yu Qian, appointing him as the minister of war, and winning the battle for Beijing. & gt Fourth, defend Beijing. The battle to defend Beijing is difficult and painful. On the second day of Yu Qian's appointment, he immediately invited South Beijing Henan Reserve Army, Shandong Nanjing Coastal Reserve Japanese Army and Grain Transportation Force to join the garrison capital, and the people's hearts gradually stabilized. At this point, the food problem surfaced again. Tongzhou is the barrier of Beijing and the storage place of Beijing's grain. With the advance of the enemy, it is difficult to preserve Tongzhou city, and the grain will fall into the hands of the enemy and will be used by the enemy. But in a short time, it was difficult for the Ming court to concentrate a lot of manpower and material resources to transport grain to Beijing. In order to prevent the grain in Tongzhou from falling into Xian Ye's hands, Yu Qian came up with a brilliant idea. He asked the emperor to allow the loyalists to advance the grain storage in Tongzhou, which was self-invited and gave material rewards to those who could transport more. As a result, Tongzhou's grain was quickly transported to Beijing. & gt How to guard Beijing? Persistence or initiative? There are different opinions on the strategy of attack and defense. Chengshan Hou Wang Tong suggested digging a city to repel Mongolian cavalry; Company commanders Wu Qingbo and Shi Heng advocated persistence; Yu Qian believes that if you don't persist, you will be weak. With the support of Jingdi, he sent his generals and soldiers out of the nine gates of Beijing at a speed of 220,000 people to bid for the armored army in Shi Heng. Shi Heng array in Deshengmen, commander-in-chief Tao Jin array in Andingmen, Guangning array in Dongzhimen, Wujin array in Chaoyangmen, commander-in-chief Liu Ju array in Xizhimen, deputy commander-in-chief Gu Xingzu array in Fuchengmen, commander-in-chief Li Duan array in Zhengyangmen, commander-in-chief in Chongwenmen and commander-in-chief in Xuanwu Gate. So Yu Qian entrusted the Ministry of War to Ning Wu, the assistant minister, and ordered the nine gates to be closed to show his determination to retreat if he did not advance. & gt I was surprised to find that the Ming army in front of me was very different from the Ming army that was easily defeated by myself in the civil fortress. He thought that the Ming army was vulnerable and Beijing could attack every day. Now he saw that the Ming army was ready for battle, with strict military discipline, and his spirit was greatly frustrated. & gt also sent several riders to Deshengmen to peek. Yu Qian laid an ambush in an empty house on the roadside in advance, and then sent a small number of cavalry to fight and retreat to lure the enemy deeper. Tens of thousands of navarre cavalry chased after him, and Yu Qian ordered the Shenji camp to raise their guns and ware. At the same time, ambushes were everywhere, and the Walla army was defeated. My brother was shot and killed, and Valla soldiers suffered heavy casualties. Then, the Walla army was defeated in Xizhimen and Zhangyimen. After five days of fierce fighting, the Walla army was defeated many times. At this time, Wang Bing, a frequent passer-by in the Ming Dynasty, approached. He dared not cut off his way home first and went north overnight, thus winning the battle of defending Beijing led by Yu Qian. & gt The Battle of Beijing occupies an important position in the history of Ming Dynasty and even in the history of China. Defending Beijing ensured the safety of Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty, and avoided the recurrence of the tragedy of crossing the south in the Song Dynasty. Having shattered the attempt to plot the Central Plains first, it is difficult for Mongolia to organize a large-scale military invasion again. At the same time, Beijing, as the most important fortress against Mongolia, still plays an important role, forming an overall defense system with Beijing as the center and Fu Xuan, Datong and Juyongguan as barriers, effectively resisting the invasion of Mongolian troops and ensuring the normal production and life of the people in the mainland. & gt defending Beijing is a feat and a highlight of Yu Qian's life. Therefore, Yu Qian became one of the most famous national heroes in the history of China. & gt