A trip to the avenue is also a trip to the avenue. The world is for the public, choose talents and talents, (2) entrust repair. (3) Therefore, (16) people are not only (17) relatives (18), but also children. (3) The old are strong and useful, the young have their own strengths, and the (guān), the widowed, the lonely, the lonely and the disabled all support them. ⑦ If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself; What you hate is not OBE, and it is not necessarily for yourself. Pet-name ruby seeks a kiss but fails to prosper, and pet-name ruby steals a thief but fails to do it, so an outsider does not kiss, which is called great harmony.
To annotate ...
(1) from the book of rites liu yun. The Book of Rites, one of the Confucian classics, is a compilation of various etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 49 articles. Li Yun is a book written by Confucian scholars at the end of the Warring States Period or the Qin and Han Dynasties, and its title is The Book of Rites. Avenue refers to the highest political ideal in ancient times. Good: implementation. (2)[ Choose the virtuous and (j incarnation) be able to] select people with high moral character and capable people. And, by "mentioning", recommending and voting. (3) Emphasize honesty and cultivate harmony (atmosphere). Repair: cultivation. (4) [pro] conation usage, take ... as a professional player and raise. The first "zi" after "zi" is also a verb. (5) 【 pity (guān), widowed, lonely, alone, disabled 】 pity, widowed old man. Unfortunately, pass the gun. A lonely old man without a husband. A lonely young man without a father. A lonely old man without children. Disabled, disabled. ⑥ 【 Men have points (fè n) 】 Men have positions. Division and post refer to occupation and responsibility. All landowners [women have a home] means that women have a home. Regression refers to a woman's marriage. People hate throwing things on the ground, but they don't have to hide themselves. Evil (w), hate. Hide: possess. Pet-name ruby 【 not for yourself, not for yourself 】 refers to people hate not to contribute to public labor behavior, but not necessarily for their own personal gain. Attending 【 seek closure instead of prosperity 】 sinister plan will not happen. Xing, happen. ⑾ Theft, rebellion and injury will not happen. Chaos means rebellion. Thief refers to harm. Work, get up. ⑿ [outdoor] refers to the gate. [13][ Close] Insert the door with a bolt. [14] Datong refers to an ideal society. Use means peace. ⒂ [not an only child]: treat other people's children as your own children. Son, take ... (17) Independence: Independence. (18) Pro: nouns, relatives, parents. (19) Support: Support. Note: 1. Avenue and Datong are special concepts: Avenue, the highest political ideal, refers to the universal truth or truth, which can be interpreted in many ways; "Great Harmony" refers to the highest stage of Confucian ideal society or human society, and it can also be interpreted in many ways. This kind of words can't be translated and can't be translated well. Second, some words often have special meanings in certain contexts. For example, "Hui" means that women get married, but in this sentence, "men have points and women have Hui" means "timely marriage"; "Pro" means closeness, but "Pro" and "Zi Zi" are opposites. The former means "nurturing", while the latter refers to parents. 3. All sentences that can be translated literally are translated literally, but some places also use free translation.
Edit the translation of this paragraph.
The road is implemented, and the world belongs to people. Select people with high moral character and talent (doing things for people), stress honesty and cultivate harmony (atmosphere). Therefore, people should not only support their parents, but also their children, so that the elderly can live all their lives, the middle-aged can serve the society, the young children can grow up healthily, and the elderly who have lost their wives, husbands, fathers, children and disabled people can be supported. Men have jobs and women have homes. For wealth, (people) hate the act of throwing wealth on the ground, (but) they don't have to hide (enjoy) themselves; People are willing to do their best for public affairs, not necessarily for their own selfish interests. So evil plot will not happen, theft, rebellion and injury will not happen, so there is no need to close the door. This is an ideal society.
Edit the relevant questions and answers in this paragraph.
1. What are the meanings of "Avenue" and "Datong" mentioned in the article respectively, and how should we understand and recognize them? A: The "avenue" in this article refers to the highest criterion for governing society, and its governance effect is the ideal state of the country's prosperity and people's security. "Great Harmony" can be understood as the ideal society of Confucianism or the highest stage of human society. "Avenue" and "Great Harmony" were both ideal realms in people's minds at that time, and the two words had obvious ideal colors, which pinned people's beautiful yearning for future life. 2. From which three aspects does this article explain the basic characteristics of "Datong" society? A: ① Everyone can get the care of the whole society; ② Everyone can live and work in peace and contentment; (3) make the best use of everything and make the best use of people. 3. How to understand Confucius' thought about "Great Harmony" society? A: "Datong" society is a social form before the summer. There used to be a saying that Confucius regarded the world of five emperors as great harmony. It can be seen that "Datong" society is an ideal social model based on the legend of "five emperors under the heaven". Confucius' original intention is to establish a reasonable society and eliminate the dark phenomena and unreasonable places in the real society. Therefore, Confucius' ideal society of "Great Harmony" originated from "Five Emperors in the World" and was higher than "Five Emperors in the World". 4. "Old friends are both relatives and only children, so that the old will have a home, the strong will have a place to use, the young will have a support point, and the embarrassed, widowed, lonely and disabled will have a dependence. Men have points, and women will pay them back. "Which famous saying of Mencius has the same effect? A: "I am old, and people are old; Young people, young people, young people. "5. What thoughts and feelings does the article express? A: This article expresses the author's desire for a peaceful and prosperous life. Write a sentence stating that everyone can care about others, everyone can be cared for by others, and everyone can live and work in peace and contentment? (3) Therefore, the relationship between (16) people and their relatives (18) is not only (17) relatives, but also children. (13) will help them to have a sense of security in their old age, be strong and useful, and the teenagers have their own strengths, and the lonely have a sense of security (65438).
Edit related idioms in this paragraph.
The whole world is a community.
The idiom "the world is public" is pronounced as Ti ā n xi à w é i g 33ng. The original intention is that the world is public, and the position of the son of heaven is passed on to sages rather than descendants, which later became the political ideal of a beautiful society. The source "Book of Rites Li Yun": "The trip to the avenue is also, and many people are also." For example, "Book of Rites Li Yun": "The trip to the avenue is also business." This industry will continue. ★ Chen Yi's "Introduction to Huhai Poetry Society" synonyms: the antonym of the world is one: the grammar of the world is one: subject-predicate type; As predicate and attribute; Used of people.
general situation
Interpretation: the world belongs to people, everyone has it, and the position of the son of heaven is passed on to sages and not to future generations. Only by realizing that the world is public and thoroughly eradicating the social disadvantages brought by the private world can society be full of light and people be happy. Later it became the political ideal of a better society. Source: The Book of Rites Li Yun by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty: "The trip to the Avenue is also different from the English of the three generations. You don't catch the hills, but aim at the four directions. When the avenue prevails, a public spirit will rule the world. Choose talents and abilities, practice beliefs and cultivate mutual understanding. An old friend is not only a relative, but also an only son. Let the old end, be strong and useful, be young and strong, and care for the lonely, the sick and the disabled. Men get points and women get rewards. Goods, abandon it to the ground, don't hide it in yourself; Force, evil is not out of the body, not for yourself. It is to seek harmony without prosperity, but not to steal. Therefore, going out without closing the door is called Datong. This avenue is hidden ... "
original text
Zhong Ni and Yu Lubin. When I finished, I traveled on the scenery and sighed. Sigh, cover sigh Lu also. Yan Yan stood by and said, "Why do gentlemen sigh?" Confucius said, "The trip to the Avenue is also different from that of three generations of English. You are ambitious and can't catch it. When the avenue prevails, a public spirit will rule the world. Choose talents and abilities, practice beliefs and cultivate mutual understanding. An old friend is not only a relative, but also an only son. Let the old age end, be strong, be useful, be strong, and provide for the elderly, the sick and the disabled. Men share, women want to return. Goods, abandon it to the ground, don't hide it in yourself; Force, evil is not out of the body, not for yourself. It is to seek harmony without prosperity, and thieves do not do it. Therefore, the outside door was not closed. It means Datong. This avenue is hidden, and the world is home. Everyone is his own relative, and every son is his son. Goods, give yourself strength. Adults and the world think that courtesy, Guo Cheng ditch pool that solid, etiquette that discipline; It is necessary to establish a system of honesty, friendship and brothers, harmony with husband and wife, establishment of fields, wisdom and courage as the first priority, and merit as the first priority. Therefore, the purpose is to work, soldiers are from this point, and Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, and all choose from this point. None of the six gentlemen is unwilling to be polite. Take its meaning and test its letter. There have been works, and there are benevolent policies in punishment, which shows that the people have often. If someone doesn't come from here, they will go, and everyone will feel pain. It means well-off.
translate
Once upon a time, a wax figure of Lu was sacrificed. After the memorial service, he came out to visit the balcony outside the ancestral temple and was deeply touched. Confucius' exclamation is probably about the present situation of Lu. Yan Yan asked: "Why does the coach sigh?" Confucius said,' I, Kong Qiu, failed to catch up with the implementation of the Avenue, and I yearned for it when Xia, Shang and Zhou Xianwang were in power. "Avenue era, the world is * * *. People who choose talents and appoint people to govern the world, and people pay attention to credit and live in harmony. Therefore, people not only treat their relatives as relatives, but also treat their children as children, so that the elderly can enjoy their old age, the young can receive a good education, and the elderly and disabled without spouses, fathers and children can be supported. Men do their jobs and women have their in-laws. People don't want property to be abandoned in useless places, but it doesn't have to be in their own homes. People worry that their strength is not good, but it may not be suitable for them. Therefore, the intrigue is suppressed and cannot be realized, and the bad things of robbing, stealing, killing and stealing will not appear, so even the door outside the house can be opened. Such a society is called the Great Harmony World. " Now the avenue has disappeared and the world has become a family property. People treat their relatives as relatives, children as children and property as labor; Are all private. The power of the prince and the emperor became hereditary, it became a well-founded ritual system, and Guo Cheng Gully was built into a solid defense. As a discipline, making etiquette is used to determine the relationship between monarch and minister, make the relationship between father and son honest, make the relationship between brothers harmonious, make the relationship between husband and wife harmonious, establish various systems, divide fields and houses, and respect brave and intelligent people; Make a contribution to yourself. So intrigue appeared and war was born. Yu Xia, Shang Tang, Zhou Wenwang, Zhou Wuwang, Zhou Chengwang and Zhou Gongdan became outstanding figures of three generations. None of the six gentlemen carelessly observed the etiquette system. They show the connotation of the regular etiquette system, which is used to examine people's credit, expose mistakes, set a model of etiquette and show people etiquette. If there is any deviant abnormal behavior, the powerful people will also stay away, and the people regard it as a scourge. This kind of society is called a well-off society. "example: a thousand years of work, a device. (Chen Yi's Introduction to Huhai Poetry Society) Usage as predicate and attribute; Used of people.
The world is public.
Serving the public is an important norm of Chinese traditional virtue. It is not only the key to personal cultivation, but also the highest principle of social morality. It requires caring for others, helping those in need, "providing for the old" and "caring for the young"; Pursue equality and justice, and regard the public interest above everything else. Its highest state is to attach importance to righteousness, pay equal attention to righteousness and benefit, and even forget the public interest and make selfless self-sacrifice under the conflict of righteousness and benefit. As early as Historical Records, Zuo Zhuan and other ancient books, there were normative requirements of "destroying private interests with public interests" and "knowing the benefits of public interests without forgetting the country". Confucius has always advocated "loyalty and forgiveness". After Confucius, Mohism advocated "upholding justice and opening up private grievances", Legalism emphasized "selflessness" and "betrayal of self-interest", and Taoism put forward that "saints are unintentional and take the people's hearts as the heart". Confucianism, on the other hand, attaches great importance to public loyalty, advocates "being happy and worrying about the world" and "being loyal to the public", and carries forward the idea of "the world is public" and "forgetting private interests". Wang Fuzhi, a democratic enlightenment thinker in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, criticized the feudal system with the weapon of "the world is public" in "Continuing to govern as a mirror" and put forward the idea that "the world is not private". Huang Zongxi, another enlightenment thinker at that time, also advocated that "the world is for the public and the monarch is the guest", pointing out: "The chaos in the world is not the rise and fall of a surname, but the sorrow and joy of all people." Gu Geng, a thinker who is as famous as Wang and Huang, further pointed out that "Guo" is a surname. And the "world" belongs to ordinary people. In modern times, Liang Qichao summarized Gu's thought as "every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world", and transformed the moral ideal of "the world is public" into personal moral requirements, which inspired countless people with lofty ideals in later generations to fight for the rise and fall of the Chinese nation. 19 At the end of the 20th century, Kang Youwei put forward the idea of political reform and reform in view of the unprecedented serious national crisis and social crisis of the Chinese nation. In the book of Great Harmony, he once again outlined an ideal society of "the world is public, the world is public, there is no class, and everyone is equal". Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of the democratic revolution, inherited the traditional moral and ethical thoughts of our country and put forward the moral norms of "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, faithfulness and harmony", but he never forgot the traditional thought of "the world is for the public". I often copy a whole paragraph of "Datong" in Li Yun to my friends. According to statistics, in Sun Yat-sen's inscription, there are 32 cases in which the recipient's surname is "the public of the world". Some are for Feng Yuxiang and some are for Zhang Xueliang. 1924, in a famous speech entitled "Three People's Principles", Sun Yat-sen said, "The real Three People's Principles are the world of great harmony that Confucius hoped for", that is, the ideal society described in "Book of Rites" and "Li Yun": "The road trip is also for the public" and the world is for the public. "The world is public", that is, the world belongs to the world. He said: "Our Three People's Principles are for the people, by the people and for the people. By the people, by the people, and for the people means that the country is owned by the people, the government is governed by the people, and the benefits are enjoyed by the people. Maybe it's his ideal. His goal and the basic spirit of his ideological system are all condensed in the words "the world is for the public". The moral and ethical thought of "the world is public" is an important part of China's traditional virtue thought. There is no doubt that Marxist scientific socialism and productism are also put forward on the basis of inheriting all outstanding ideological and cultural achievements of mankind, including "the world is for the public" Therefore, the education of serving the public should be combined with the education of * * *.
Old people can have a suitable home.
The idiom "get old" is pronounced l m:o yǒu suǒzhūng, which means that the elderly can have a suitable home. The source "Book of Rites" says: "An old friend is both a relative and an only son, so that the old will have an end, the young will be useful, the young will have a strong point, and the young will be raised alone." For example, The Book of Rites: "An old friend is both a relative and an only child, so that the old will have an end, the young will be useful, the young will be strong and lonely, and the disabled will be supported."
Poor (widowed) loneliness
The idiom Xi (Kun) is lonely. Pronunciation is guān(guān)guǐdú. Interpretation generally refers to people who have no labor force and no relatives to support them. Let the old have a place to live, the young have something to use, the young have education, and the widowed and disabled have the right to be supported. This is the so-called "Great Harmony World" envisaged by Confucianism. ) Source "Book of Rites Li Yun": "Lonely people, sick people, all raise them."
Edit the relevant introduction of this paragraph
This article is a passage at the beginning of the Book of Rites, aiming at clarifying the basic characteristics of the Confucian social ideal of "great harmony". There is also a passage in the original text describing the reason why Confucius said these words (this article is about the book Confucius Answers and Questions in the late Warring States Period or the Qin and Han Dynasties), which is recorded as follows: I traveled with Yu Wabin (attending the ceremony held by the monarch at the end of the year and reading zhà) afterwards (reading guān, the balconies on both sides of the palace gate), feeling ashamed and sighing. Sigh for Gailu (meaning that Lu has lost his ancient gift). Yan Yan (Zi You, a student of Confucius) said aside, "Why do gentlemen sigh?" Confucius said, "The trip to the Avenue is also different from that of the three generations of Yingzong (Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties). We didn't catch up in autumn (because we were born late, we couldn't catch up), so we aim high." Once upon a time, Confucius attended the year-end ceremony held by the monarch. After the ceremony, he toured the balcony outside the ancestral temple, filled with emotion. Confucius' exclamation is probably a sigh of Lu's loss of ancient etiquette. Yan Yan asked: "Why does the teacher sigh?" Confucius replied: "The era when Avenue was implemented did not catch up with the era when Emperor Yingming of Xia, Shang and Zhou was in power. I am eager for them. " It can be seen from this passage that Confucius said these words because he lived in the chaotic end of the Spring and Autumn Period and longed for a peaceful and prosperous life.