In daily study, work and life, it is inevitable for everyone to come into contact with or use ancient poetry. Ancient poetry can be divided into two categories: ancient poetry and modern poetry. In fact, many friends are not sure what kind of ancient poems are good ancient poems. The following are the original ancient poems of "Li Shangyin's Poems" that I have collected for you. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
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Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his morning dream, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart with cuckoos.
The bright moon in the sea has tears, and the warm sun in Lantian produces smoke.
This feeling can be recalled later, but it was already at a loss.
Poetry explanation
Why does Jinse have fifty strings? Every string and column reminds me of my youth. Zhuang Zhou once dreamed that he had transformed into a butterfly, and the Emperor Wang's homesickness was entrusted to the cuckoo's cry. Tears under the moonlight turned into pearls, and the beautiful jade in the blue field seemed to give off hazy smoke in the warm sun. These feelings can still be recalled today, but at the time they made people feel melancholy and confused.
Word explanation
Jinse: According to legend, the ancient se has fifty strings.
Lantian: The name of a mountain in today’s Shaanxi Province that produces beautiful jade.
Beautiful patterned sesame. The poet used "jin" to describe it, which may be the same as the poet used "Yaoqin" to refer to the qin, which is based on the gorgeousness of its literal meaning. "Unprovoked" means without reason or reason. "Fifty-stringed zither", "Historical Records·Fengchan Shu" records that "the emperor made plain women play the fifty-stringed zither". In later generations, twenty-five strings were the most common instrument. In Li Shangyin's poems, "fifty strings" is a common general term for writing harems, such as "Because of the order of fifty strings, the middle road divides the palace and conquers", "The rain hits the Xiangling fifty strings" and so on. "Fifty" is an ancient system, which may imply many. The harp originally had so many strings, but the poet wanted to complain about it: Jinse, why do you have so many strings for no reason! This is the poet's "idiot", which seems unreasonable and expresses an unexpressed emotion. Every string and verse makes people nostalgic for the good old days.
At the end of the zither, each string is supported by a columnar object that can be moved to adjust the pitch of the string, called a "column." "One string and one pillar" means one note and one verse, referring to each sound of the piano. A harp with dozens of strings must have a complicated sound when played, and such a melody is always easy to make the listener emotional. The poet couldn't help but sigh: Every string and every stanza make people nostalgic for the beautiful years. Perhaps it was precisely because the psalm made the poet have so many thoughts and he couldn't control himself that he complained that it had too many strings. From here we can see that the poet uses the number of strings to express his feelings. Whether it is the passing of the good years, or the joys and sorrows of life, frustration and wasted time, the poet's emotions are too many and deep, and music is just an inducement.
Zhuangzi's dawn dream is obsessed with butterflies, and the emperor's spring heart is filled with cuckoos.
These two sentences mean that the poet's heart is like Zhuangzi, who is confused by the butterfly's dawn dream; and like the emperor who has turned into a cuckoo, expressing his sorrow in his spring heart. .
The first sentence of this couplet uses an allusion from "Zhuangzi·Equality of Things". Zhuangzi once dreamed that he turned into a butterfly, flying freely. When he woke up, he asked himself, "Is it Zhuangzhou who dreamed that he became a butterfly, or did the butterfly dream that he became Zhuangzhou?" "Xiaomeng", a dream in the early morning, means that the dream is short-lived. The allusion of the latter sentence comes from the "Book of Shu", which says that Du Yu, the king of Shu, unfortunately died in the country. After his death, his soul turned into a cuckoo. Because he missed his homeland, he whined bitterly every late spring, even crying blood from his mouth. "Wang Di" is Du Yu. "Spring Heart" refers to the sadness caused by the scenery of spring.
The bright moon in the sea has tears, and the warm sun in Lantian produces smoke
The first sentence of this couplet combines several allusions: In ancient times, it was believed that clam beads in the sea became round with the waxing and waning of the moon. There is a lack of change, so "moonlight" and "beads" are connected; it is also said that pearls are transformed from the tears of the sea sharks (mermaids in mythology), so "beads" and "tears" are connected; another There is an idiom about "a hidden pearl in the ocean" that refers to burying talents.
The usage of the latter sentence has different meanings. One word "Lantian" refers to Lantian Mountain, also known as Yushan. In today's Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, it is a famous jade producing area. The ancients believed that the place where the jade was buried had a "qi" that was invisible to the naked eye. This mountain is illuminated by the warm sun, and the jade energy contained in it rises slowly. However, the essence of the beautiful jade appears to be there from a distance, but is not seen up close. This represents a beautiful ideal scene, but it is ungraspable and inaccessible. Another theory is that it comes from the Wei and Jin novel "Lu Yi Zhuan", which tells a very poignant love story. The youngest daughter of King Wu Fu Chai was named Yu, and she fell in love with a young man named Han Chong. However, King Wu was angry and refused, and Xiao Yu died of depression. One day, someone suddenly saw Xiaoyu dressing up in front of the mirror. Fu Chai went up to hug her, but Xiaoyu disappeared like smoke.
This couplet and the first couplet use four allusions to present us with different artistic conceptions and emotions. Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies represents the trance and confusion of life; Wang Di's spring heart contains the persistence of hard pursuit; Shark's tears in the ocean have a vast loneliness; the warm day in Lantian conveys warm and hazy joy.
The images extracted from the allusions by the poet are so magical and ethereal. His soul slowly opens to us, and the beauty of the years and the feelings of life are all integrated into it, but it can only be understood but cannot be expressed.
These are also the four most difficult sentences in the poem "Jin Se". The poet combined four seemingly unrelated allusions in a peculiar way. His writing style was light and flexible, and he used virtuality to control reality, without revealing the deep meaning of the allusions. Dai Shulun, a poet of the mid-Tang Dynasty, said: "The scenery of a poet is like the warm sun in Lantian and the smoke in fine jade. It can be expected but cannot be placed in front of one's eyebrows." This describes the beauty and elusiveness of the artistic conception of poetry. This poem is exactly like that. Precisely because it is elusive, all attempts to use concrete facts to confirm the meaning of the poet's allusion have ultimately failed. Whether it is "mourning theory", "music theory" or other theories, no matter how fully the discussion is, compared with the feelings that the poem itself gives us, it always makes people feel that it is not enough.
This feeling can be remembered later, but it was already lost at the time
These two sentences echo the two sentences at the beginning and end the whole poem, which means that these things happened at the time they happened. It has already caused me so much sadness that I couldn’t wait until today to remember it again. When I experience it, I feel that life is like a dream, and when I reminisce about it, I feel that dreams are like life. This dual sense of illusion conveys the poet's melancholy and sentimentality very deeply. It can only turn into endless wails like the cuckoo holding the body of Emperor Wang. "Yes", right?
Appreciation of "Jin Se"
"Jin Se" is the representative work of Li Shangyin. All poetry lovers love Taoism and recital. It is the most famous; however, it is also the most difficult to explain. A difficult poem. Some people say that it is a love poem written to a maid named "Jin Se" of the Chu family of Linghu; some say that it is a mourning poem written for his late wife Wang; some people think that the four lines in the middle of the poem can be compared with Se. The four voices and emotions of "suitability", "resentment", "qing", and "he" are consistent, so it is inferred that it is a poem describing music; in addition, there are many other theories such as allusion to politics and self-narrative poetry creation. For thousands of years, there have been many different opinions, and generally speaking, most people say "mourning death" and "self-injury".
The poet borrows a lot of allusions from Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies, cuckoos crying blood, tears in the sea, smoke from fertile fields, etc., using the metaphorical technique, using association and imagination, to transform the auditory feelings into visual images, using fragmentary images The combination creates a hazy realm, thereby conveying its sincere, intense and profound thoughts with the help of visible and perceptible poetic images.
The title of the poem "Jinse" uses the first two characters of the sentence. According to the old theory, it was originally considered to be a poem about things, but commentators seem to maintain that this poem has nothing to do with the poem, and is actually an "untitled" work that uses the poem to hide the theme.
The first couplet "There are fifty strings on the brocade harp for no reason, each string and one column reminds me of my good years." Unprovoked, without reason, it is just like this from birth. As a musical instrument, the qin has three and five strings; the zither has 13 strings; and the "harp" has fifty strings. How sad it would be to use so many strings to express complex emotions. There is an ancient allusion between the Tai Emperor and the Su Nu, which is extremely sad. The poet uses this allusion as a metaphor to imply that poets are different. Others only have three or five strings, but the poet's zither has as many as fifty strings. What a gifted talent. It implies that he is extremely talented, sentimental, and sensitive. What a brilliant use of Bixing. The next sentence, one string and one column, recalls the years of youthful love. The first couplet leads to the following, which is all about recalling the beautiful youth. But the beautiful scenery does not last long, which makes people feel disappointed and melancholy.
The first sentence of the couplet uses an allusion from "Zhuangzi". It tells the story of Zhuangzhou dreaming that he turned into a butterfly and flew vividly, forgetting that he was "Zhuangzhou". Later, when I woke up from the dream, I was still Zhuang Zhou, and I didn’t know where the butterfly had gone. The Wangdi in the next sentence is the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired. Unfortunately, the country was destroyed and the body died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. In late spring, it cried bitterly, and the mouth bleeds. The sound was sad and sad, touching the heart, and was named cuckoo. The two sentences in this couplet are about a beautiful lady. A complex piece of string music awakens the poet from his dream and makes him unable to sleep again. Mi contains the meanings of getting lost, leaving, and not arriving. It vaguely contains a beautiful situation, but it is also an illusory dream. The brocade strings and mournful music arouse the poet's infinite sadness and unspeakable resentment, just like hearing the sad sound of the cuckoo sending spring home. The word "tuo" not only describes Du Yu's entrusting his spring heart to the cuckoo, but also describes the beautiful woman's entrusting her spring heart to the brocade sesame, waving her hands and seeing the flowers falling in the water. The poet's wonderful writing has reached a climax here.
As soon as the rhythmic poem passes through the couplet, after "starting" and "carrying on", it is time to "turn" the pen. At this point, the previous text has probably reached a small pause, which seems to be a knot but not a knot. , the meaning is yet to be applied. Below this, I clicked the pen and dropped the ink, as if it was "starting" again. The writing style may be like a strange peak protruding, or like a lotus root being broken and connected, or pushing the pen to spread out, or being light, slow, and dark. The techniques can be different, but the spiritual context has twists and turns but is always focused. On this occasion, the poet wrote the famous saying "The moon in the sea has tears".
The first sentence of the neck couplet combines several allusions. Pearls are born from clams, and clams live in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and the night is quiet, the clam opens to the moon to nourish its pearls, and the pearls get the moonlight. , began to shine brightly. This is a beautiful folk tradition. Tears are symbolized by beads, which has been the case since ancient times. When a shark weeps, the tears turn into beads, which is also a strange scene in the sea. In this way, the bright moon sets in the sea, and the pearl bathes in the boundary of tears. In the poet's writing, it has formed an indistinguishable wonderful scene.
It is rare to see such a rich connotation and wonderful associations in one stroke.
The last sentence about the vast sea of ??Lantian is not groundless. Sikong Tu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun, who preceded him: "Poetry's beautiful scenery, such as the warm sun in Lantian and the smoke in good jade, can be expected but not placed in front of the eyebrows." The eight words used in this metaphor are , are exactly the same as the seven characters in the next sentence of this poem's neck couplet, which shows that this metaphor has another origin. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost and it is difficult to find the source again. It is difficult to say whether the explanation given by Dai Dai is appropriate. Lu Ji, a writer of the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "The mountains are shining with stone and jade, and the river is beautiful with pearls in the water." Lantian, the name of the mountain, is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi today. This mountain is illuminated by the sun, and the jade energy contained in it (the ancients believed that treasures have a kind of light energy that cannot be seen with ordinary eyesight) is slowly rising up. However, the essence of the beautiful jade appears to be there from a distance, but is not there when looking up close, so it can be seen It is impossible to look forward to it, which represents an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it cannot be grasped and cannot be approached. This sentence in the poem is inspired by and associated with "the glory of Yunyu Mountain, the beauty of pearls and rivers", and uses the warm sun in Lantian to contrast the bright moon in the sea in the previous sentence, creating a very sharp and strong contrast. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to Canghai, because the original meaning of the character Cang is cyan. The poet's exquisiteness in diction can also show his talent and skill.
For poets, the state of moonlight in the vast sea has a special posthumous emotion. Once, because he was ill, he was unable to attend the "Le Ying Chi Jiu" meeting with He Dong Gong, so he wrote "Only the moon in the sea, the high pressure of Chicheng Xia" ("I heard that He Dong Gong Le Ying Chi Jiu Kou Zhan sent it") ) sentence. From this point of view, he admired this scene very much for its high openness and purity, and on the other hand he was very sentimental for its desolation and loneliness: a complex and unspeakable feeling of melancholy that could not be expressed in words.
This couplet and the first couplet use four allusions to present different artistic conceptions and emotions. Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies represents the trance and confusion of life; Wang Di's spring heart contains the persistence of hard pursuit; Shark's tears in the ocean have a vast loneliness; The warm day in Lantian conveys warm and hazy joy. The images extracted from the allusions by the poet are so magical and ethereal. His soul slowly opens up to the readers, and the beauty of the years and the feelings of life are all integrated into it, but they can only be understood but cannot be expressed.
The concluding couplet ties up the whole article, clearly mentioning the word "this feeling", which echoes the "Hua Nian" at the beginning, and the writing style does not escape. The poem says: With such feelings, how can I feel endless regret when I recall it now? Even at that time, it was already so confusing. For ordinary people, when they reach old age, they often reflect on the past: they deeply regret that youth is easy to pass away, achievements are not accomplished, time is wasted, and they are inactive and regret endlessly. But poets who are talented and intelligent have already foreseen what happened at the beginning, but they are helpless and feel infinitely confused. This is the poet Li Shangyin, who used Jinse to express himself.
Li Shangyin experienced ups and downs in his life, with unspeakable pain and extremely painful emotions. He was depressed and turned into poems. His sadness was so deep that he lingered back and forth, deeply affecting others. One of his farewell poems said: "Yu Xin was born with many emotions, and Yang Zhu died with emotion; a woman's harp is in danger, and Jia is cold and misses her husband's zither!" ("Sending Thousand Niu General Li to the Palace of Fifty Rhymes"), the zither is The music is often related to the deep emotion and bitterness of life and death, which can be imagined. If it is said that there is hatred of separation between life and death in Jinse's poems, I am afraid it cannot be said to be entirely conjecture.
"Mawei" original text, translation, appreciation
"Mawei"
Author: Li Shangyin
Overseas disciples heard about Jiuzhou, His life is uncertain.
In the sky, I heard that the tiger travels to announce the night watchman, but there is no more chicken man to announce the dawn.
On this day, the six armies were stationed together, and the Chinese Valentine's Day was laughing and showing off the cows.
How can the emperor of the Fourth Century be inferior to the Lu family?
Translation of "Mawei"
There is no need to sing about the joys and sorrows of the emperor's concubines; there is also a Milky Way in the world, which separated thousands of couples.
There are countless couples saying goodbye like that in Shihao Village, and the tears of the common people are much more than the few shed on the Palace of Eternal Life.
Comments on "Mawei"
Mawei: Mawei slope, located in the west of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province. During the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Xuanzong fled here, and under the coercion of the soldiers accompanying him, he strangled Concubine Yang to death
Song of Everlasting Sorrow: a poem written by Bai Juyi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, about the political tragedy caused by Tang Xuanzong's favoring of Concubine Yang. and love tragedy.
Galaxy: Tianhe. According to myths and legends, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl were separated by the Milky Way and were not allowed to meet together.
Shihao Village: Two lines from "Shihao Village": The Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu's poem "Shihao Officials" was written during the Anshi Rebellion. Officials recruited soldiers and conscripts, resulting in the tragic death of an elderly couple in Shihao Village. other situations.
Palace of Eternal Life: Palace of Eternal Life: its former site is in the Huaqing Palace in Lishan, Shaanxi.
Appreciation of "Mawei"
This poem begins with the word "overseas", which refers to the fact that after Yang Yuhuan's death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the alchemists to go overseas to search for his soul and meet him in the overseas fairy mountains. After marrying her, Yang gave her a tin-alloy hairpin and made a promise to her for life. The poet envisioned it in the mood of Xuanzong, and said that the nine states were changing, the four seas were turbulent, overseas people were lamenting in vain, and the promise of "other lives" was difficult to realize.
Three or four sentences are written on top. "Kongwen" and "Xiaowan" mean that "Xiaowan" has not been heard; "wufu" and "xiaoxiao" mean that there is no need to "announce the dawn". This all inherits the meaning of "only heard" and "uncertain" from the previous two sentences, implying that Yang Yuhuan was hanged in Mawei. Five or six sentences turn to the actual situation. "This day" refers to the day when the imperial concubine gave her death, and "that time" refers to the time when we met on the Chinese Valentine's Day. "The six armies were stationed together" refers to the mutiny of the imperial army. The love between Li and Yang was also stationed together, and their disillusionment was shattered. "Chinese Valentine's Day laughs at the morning glory", which means that on the night of the Chinese Valentine's Day, the two people in the Palace of Eternal Life once laughed and made a secret appointment, and laughed at the short time that the Morning Bull and the Weaver Girl met each other once a year; "at that time" they had "laughed" at others, but now they are not as happy as the Morning Bull and the Weaver Girl. Falling in love for a long time; in comparison, it is pitiable and ridiculous. The poet contrasts the indignation of the Sixth Army with the secret oath of the Changsheng Palace, with profound discussion and sharp writing. Seven or eight sentences conclude with a rhetorical tone. It is said that you are the emperor, but it is not as sweet as the love and happiness of the people. The poet uses "Mo Chou" to express his feelings. Replying to the question with "how" implies accusation.
This is a political satire poem, directed at Tang Xuanzong, the former emperor of Li Tang Dynasty. At the beginning, there is a mixture of narrative and discussion. The story of "overseas" and "gengjiuzhou" is used to summarize the legend that the alchemist found Yang Fei overseas, and then "only heard" is used to deny it. "Hearing only" means hearing in vain. It means: Xuanzong heard from the alchemist that Concubine Yang still remembered the oath of "wish to be husband and wife in the world" on the fairy mountain, and was "very sad", but what is the use of this? The matter of "his birth" as a husband and wife is vague and "uncertain"; The relationship between husband and wife in this life is clearly over. How it ended will naturally lead to the following.
The second couplet uses the "chicken man announcing the dawn" in the palace to contrast Maweiyi's "tiger traveling in the evening and calling the night watchman", and the different situations and moods of past joy and present pain, past peace and present danger are vividly displayed on the page. The meaning of "Tiger Brigade Mingxiao Watch" is that the life of a refugee is very uncomfortable. It contrasts with "the chicken man announces the dawn", implying that the protagonist is eager to regain the peace and happiness of the past, which is another layer of meaning. Then use "empty news" and "wuyi" to echo each other to show that hope has been disillusioned and to build momentum for the tail couplet. This is the third level of meaning. "Tiger Brigade Mingxiao Watch" was originally intended for patrolling and guarding, but if it is called "empty news", the meaning is counterproductive. Judging from the composition, "Kong Wen" carries the meaning of "I will rest in this life" and "Six armies stationed together at the same time". The meaning is: Although the "Tiger Brigade" is "ringing watch", it is not to protect the safety of the emperor and the noble concubine, but to launch a mutiny.
Because of this, "there are no more chickens to announce the dawn", and it is no longer possible for Li and Yang to enjoy a comfortable palace life.
In the third couplet: "This day" refers to the day of Concubine Yang's death. "The six armies are stationed on the same horse" agrees with "The six armies are helpless if they don't send out their troops" in Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", but "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" immediately writes "the horse dies in front of the crooked eyebrows", and "this day" reverses the writing direction to recall "at that time". "At that time" and "this day" are compared and supplemented. Not only are the meanings self-explanatory, but the writing is also jumping-off and rich in content. This is called the "reversal method". Xuanzong "at that time" on Qixi Festival and Concubine Yang "secretly vowed to each other" and ridiculed that Morning Glory and Weaver Girl could only meet once a year, while the two of them would "be husband and wife for the rest of their lives" and never be separated, but when they met "Sixth "When the army does not send out", what will be the result? With the two contrasting, the ending of Concubine Yang's death is not difficult to understand, and Xuanzong's hypocritical and selfish mental outlook is also exposed. At the same time, "The Chinese Valentine's Day laughs at the morning glory" is a typical summary of Xuanzong's obsession with women and his neglect of political affairs. When compared with "Six armies stationed on the same horse", it shows the causal relationship between the two. Without the debauchery of "that time", there would be no separation of "this day". However, when Xuanzong indulged in sensuality "at that time", he never considered "this day" when he "sent death" to his beloved concubine. At this point in the writing, the last line of the couplet is already on the string.
The last couplet also contains strong contrast. On the one hand, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who had been emperor for more than 40 years, could not keep his beloved concubine; on the other hand, as ordinary people, the Lu family could keep his wife Mochou, who could both "weave silk" and "pick mulberry trees". The poet thus issued a stern question: Why is Tang Xuanzong, the emperor who has been emperor for more than 40 years, not as good as ordinary people who can keep their wives? The first six lines of the poem are all directed at Tang Xuanzong. It ends with a question that requires a lot of exploration to give a comprehensive answer, which enriches the content of the criticism.