Four books
Four Books are the classic works of China Confucianism. Four Books, also called Four Books, refer to The Analects of Confucius? Mencius, University, the Doctrine of the Mean. University was originally an article in the Book of Rites. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu inherited Cheng Zhu's thought, and took The Great Learning out of The Book of Rites, because The Great Learning was a suicide note left by Confucius and his disciples, and it was an introductory reading of Confucianism. So, what did Zhu list it as one of the "four books"? First of all. The doctrine of the mean is also an article in the Book of Rites. It is generally believed that it originated from the thoughts of Confucius' grandson, and Zhu inherited the thoughts of Cheng Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty, so he extracted the Doctrine of the Mean from the Book of Rites? . The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. It involves many aspects such as philosophy, politics, economy, education, literature and art, and its content is very rich, which is the top priority of Confucianism. Classic. Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his disciples, and it is the successor of Confucius' theory. By the time of filial piety in the Southern Song Dynasty, four books compiled by Zhu were included in Mencius, which officially raised Mencius to a very high position. ?
Five Classics
Is the Five Classics a Book of Songs or a History Book? , Book of Rites, Zhouyi, Spring and Autumn Period. In the pre-Qin era, Jing was not only a Confucian work, but also not necessarily written by Confucius. Later, the word "Jing" became mysterious, and all religious classics were called "Jing" Jing Yue, one of the six classics of Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites and Music, Yijing and Chunqiu, has long since passed away, and the other five books are collectively called the Five Classics.
Laozi
According to legend, Laozi left a book of about 5,000 words. As for the author of this book, the traditional view is that it was written by Laozi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period since the Han Dynasty and by people at the end of the Warring States Period since the early years of the Republic of China. Under the guise of Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period, scholars such as Qian Mu, Gu Jiegang and Feng Youlan hold this view. According to the statistics of UNESCO, the circulation of Tao Te Ching translated into foreign languages is second only to the Bible.
Mozi
Mozi is divided into two parts: one part records Mozi's words and deeds, expounds Mozi's thoughts, and mainly reflects the early Mohist thoughts; On the other hand, Shang Jing, Xia Jing, Jing Shuo Shang, Jing Shuo Xia, Daqu and Xiaoqu, generally called Mo Bian or Mo Jing, embody Mohist epistemology and logical thought, and also contain many natural science contents, reflecting Mohist thought in the later period. ?
Zhuangzi
The book Zhuangzi is divided into three parts: internal, external and miscellaneous, which gradually spread, mixed and benefited from the middle and late Warring States period and took shape at the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty. But the version that was circulated at that time has been lost today. At present, there are 33 Zhuangzi compiled by Guo Xiang, and the titles and chapters are also different from those of the Han Dynasty. ?
xunzi
Xunzi is good at reasoning, with long articles, full play, beautiful logical structure, multi-purpose parallelism and sonorous tone. The content is "emphasizing quality but still using", which closely combines literature and politics; Rich vocabulary and metaphors. ?
Han Fei
This book is the treatise of Han Fei, a representative thinker of the pre-Qin Legalists in China. It is the representative work of legalist thought, which is related to Han Fei's thinking on various fields of society. The unified interpretation of political and strategic position, comprehensive policy design expression and in-depth exploration of ruling technology are full of criticism and reference to the multi-school views of pre-Qin philosophers, because Han Fei learns from Xunzi of Confucianism and Laozi's thoughts, which is the first comment on Tao Te Ching in China history? This book is the representative work of various legalist schools. ?
The rest also includes the first four histories, the Warring States policy, and the history of capital and governance.
Poems and essays include Chuci, Selected Works, Li Taibai's Collection, Du Gongbu's Collection, Han Changli's Collection, Liuhe Dong's Collection and Baixiangshan Collection.