Translation:
Ah! How steep and high! The Shu Road is even harder to walk, even harder than the sky.
The two kings and yufu of Shu state, how vague their founding is.
After that, it took 48,000 years to get in touch with the people of Qin. The Taibai mountain is blocked, and there is only a bird path. Birds can cross the top of Mount Emei.
It was not until the earth sank and the mountain collapsed that all the strong men were crushed to death that the ladder was connected with the stone pile.
There is the highest peak where even the six dragons pulling carts have to bend around, and below it is a wave vortex that is high and splashing.
The flying yellow crane still can't fly over, and the ape wants to go over, fearing that there is no place to climb.
Ni Qingshan twists and turns, and there are many bends in a short journey, winding around the summit.
Hold your breath, reach out and touch the stars, touch your chest and sigh. When will you come back from your westward journey? Terrible road, steep rocks are hard to climb.
I saw birds screaming and moaning in the ancient forest, and females and males flying around in the forest.
Listening to the cuckoo crow on a moonlit night is sad.
It is sad to hear that Shu Dao is harder to walk than Heaven Dao.
The continuous peaks are less than a foot from the sky, and the withered pine trees hang upside down on the steep cliffs.
The rapids and waterfalls rushed down noisily and hit the cliff, making the stones roll and make a thunderous sound.
A close call. Why did you come here?
Jiange is steep, rugged and steep. One person keeps the pass, but ten thousand people cannot open it.
If the gatekeeper is unreliable, he becomes a jackal in power.
Avoid tigers in the morning and snakes at night.
Bite one's teeth and suck human blood. The number of people killed is unknown.
Although Jincheng is a happy place, it is better to go home.
The Shu road is harder to walk, even harder than the sky. I turned to the west and let out a long sigh.
Pipa tour
Translation:
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he was demoted to Sima of Jiujiang County. The following autumn, I sent my guests to Songpukou. At night, I heard a pipa player on the boat, listening to the sound of pipa, jingling, with the charm of Beijing dialect. The man who plays the pipa turned out to be a geisha in Chang 'an. He studied under two masters, Mu and Cao. He was old and frail, and married a businessman. I ordered my men to set the wine and let her play some music happily. After the play, her face was sad. She told the story of her happy life when she was young, saying that now she is wandering, suffering and wandering around. I went out to Beijing to be an official for two years, and I lived very calmly and comfortably. I was moved by her words and felt the humiliation of being an official that night. So I wrote this seven-character poem, recited it to her and gave it to her. The whole poem is 6 16 words, entitled Pipa Travel.
One night in autumn, I sent my friend to Xunyang River.
Maple leaves and reed flowers are ringing in the autumn wind.
My friend and I got off the horse and boarded the ship that was about to travel.
Raise a glass and drink, but unfortunately there is no geisha around.
Drunk, still not fun, so sad when leaving,
I saw the rising moon immersed in the boundless river.
Suddenly, the pipa sounded on the river.
Forgetting to go home, my friend is not in the mood to sail.
We explored where the pipa sound came from and asked in a low voice who played it.
The pipa stopped, but the player tried to say it but didn't answer.
We rowed in a hurry and invited the pipa players to meet each other.
Fill up the wine, turn on the lights, and have a feast again.
After waiting for a long time, the pipa girl came shyly.
He held the pipa and covered half of her face.
She turned the spindle and gently tried it three or two times.
Before it became a tune, it revealed infinite affection.
She played a low and melancholy tone with hidden fingering,
Her voice was sad and thoughtful, as if telling her life's misfortunes.
She is natural and graceful, writes freely and plays constantly.
It seems that the infinite pain buried deep inside comes out.
She tapped the strings, manipulated them slowly, wiped them skillfully and fiddled with them.
Play the famous song "Colorful Feather" first, and then the dance music "Six Yao".
The big strings are noisy, and the sound is heavy and long, like a shower.
Small strings cut, the voice is urgent and thin, like a whisper.
It was she who alternately plucked the big string and the small string,
The sound is round and clear, just like large and small beads falling on a jade plate.
The tone is light and smooth, like an oriole crowing among flowers.
Suddenly become painful and closed, just like Koizumi stuck under the ice.
The tone is getting deeper and deeper, and the strings seem to condense and cut off.
It was cold and quiet around, and all the sounds stopped for a while.
Pipa girl once again poured out a piece of resentment hidden in her heart.
Although there is no sound at this time, it is better than sound.
Suddenly, the strings played quickly, making a crisp and majestic sound.
Like a silver bottle broken, water slurry splashed, like an iron horse galloping, a sword whistling.
When the music was finished, I suddenly scratched in the middle of the pipa groove with my pick.
The four strings chime, as sharp and clear as a tear.
The people around the big and small ships were silent, and they were fascinated.
Only the autumn moon on the river is exceptionally bright.
Pipa girl is full of worries, awkward and puts the plectrum on the string.
Dressed up, stood up and restrained the excited expression on her face.
She said, I am a singer in Beijing.
I live near Qujiang, Chang 'an District, Ling Ran.
I learned to play the pipa when I was thirteen.
My name is in the first part of Jiao Fang.
Playing a tune often makes the pipa master admire him deeply.
Dressing up is always inevitable for beautiful women to be jealous.
Grandson, scrambling to give me property and gifts,
A piece of music won numerous red prizes.
Hair combs inlaid with gold and jade are often broken by the time of singing and beating.
Red skirts are often stained by wine spilled at parties.
Year after year, time slipped away in laughter,
So much for the good old days.
Later, my brother joined the army and my sister died unfortunately.
As time goes on, I get older and look worse.
Since then, no one cares about the door, and the prince and grandson rarely come.
When I am old, I have no choice but to marry a businessman.
Businessmen love money like life, but they don't know the pain of husband and wife leaving.
Last month, I went to Fuliang to buy tea.
He left, leaving me alone with an empty bow,
Only the bright moon covers the hull, and the cold river is accompanied by sorrow.
I suddenly dreamed of that incident in the middle of the night.
Cry in dreams, tears wash flour.
Listening to her play the pipa made me sigh.
I was deeply moved by her story.
She and I are strangers living in this world,
If you meet by chance, you can speak your mind, then why have you known each other for a long time?
I left Chang 'an Dijing last year,
I am sick and live in the ancient city of Xunyang.
Xunyang is a remote place, and there is no music appreciation.
I haven't heard orchestral strings all year round.
My home is beside the Ganjiang River, and the ground is wet.
Reed and bitter bamboo are everywhere around the house.
What did you hear there day and night?
Only crying cuckoos and apes.
Whenever there is a beautiful morning and night in Chunjiang and Qiuhe,
I often take out my wine and pour myself a glass.
Folk songs and flutes came from time to time.
But it's messy and complicated, and it's ugly.
Hearing your pipa music tonight,
As if listening to Yue Xian's words, my ears suddenly became bright.
Please don't refuse, sit down and play another song for me.
I will write a lyric Pipa for you according to the tune.
She was deeply moved by my words and stood for a long time without saying anything.
Sit back and tighten the strings, and the melody becomes more complicated and urgent.
I feel sad and sad, which is very different from what I just played.
Everyone around us is very sad, they are Lacrimosa.
If you ask who shed the most tears in the middle,
Jiangzhou Sima, tears are wet.
I am loyal to my country.
Translation:
The gentleman said: learning can't stop.
Indigo is extracted from bluegrass and bluer than bluegrass. Ice is solidified by water, which is cooler than water. The wood is straight and conforms to the chalk line. If it is bent into a wheel, the curvature of wood meets the standard of roundness. No matter how dry it is, it won't be straight, because it has been processed like this. Therefore, wood can be straightened after being measured with ink lines, and metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being ground on a millstone. A gentleman reads widely and checks himself every day, then he will be wise and wise, and his behavior will not be wrong.
I used to think about it all day, but I didn't learn much in an instant. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but it was better to climb high and look far. Climb high and wave, the arm is not longer than before, but others can see it in the distance; Call with the wind, the voice is not as loud as before, but the listener can hear clearly. People with chariots and horses can walk Wan Li Road if they don't walk fast, and people with boats can swim across the river without swimming. The essence of a gentleman is no different from ordinary people, but he is good at using foreign things.
Earth and stone pile up into mountains, and the wind and rain start from here; Water flows into the abyss, and dragons are born from it; Accumulate good deeds and cultivate noble character, then you will reach a high degree of wisdom and you will have the spiritual realm of a saint. Therefore, without the accumulation of half a step, there is no way to reach thousands of miles away; Without the accumulation of tiny flowing water, there is no way to merge into the rivers and seas. The horse jumped less than ten paces; A bad horse can walk for ten days, and its success lies in its constant walking. If it stops after a while, the rotten wood will continue to be carved. Stick to carving and the stone will be carved successfully. Earthworms have no sharp claws and teeth and strong bones and muscles, but they can eat dirt and drink spring water because they are single-minded. A crab has eight feet and two big claws. If there were no caves for snakes and crickets, it would have nowhere to live. This is because of impetuousness.
On Qin dynasty
Qin Xiaogong occupies the dangerous terrain of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan, and has the land of Yongzhou. The monarch and the minister are firmly together, seeking the right of the Zhou royal family, and have the ambition to sweep the world, control the world and annex all countries. At that time, Shang Yang assisted him to establish internal laws and regulations, devoted himself to agriculture and textiles, and built defensive and offensive equipment. Lian Heng's strategy was adopted abroad, which made the governors to the east of Xiaoshan fight with each other. As a result, the Qin people easily seized the land outside the west of the Yellow River.
After Xiao Gong's death, Huiwen Wang and Hehe successively inherited the existing inheritance and followed the strategy of the previous generation, taking Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the west, cutting fertile fields in the east and occupying very important areas in the north. Frightened, the princes gathered in an alliance and tried to weaken Qin. Don't be stingy with rare and precious utensils and fertile land to recruit talents from all over the world, and adopt the strategy of vertical integration to conclude a Covenant, help each other and become one. At this time, there were Qi, Zhao, Chu, Chun Shenjun and Wei, Xin Lingjun. These four monarchs are wise, resourceful, sincere and trustworthy, generous to others, and have great respect for talented people. They broke Qin Lian Heng's plan by contract, and formed the allied forces of Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan. At this time, the scholars of the six countries were Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Doukhi and others to advise, Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen Yi, Zhao Liu, Lou Slow, Zhai Jing, Su Li, Le Yi and others to communicate, and Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Tian Ji, Lian Po, Zhao She and others commanded their respective armies. They once attacked the pass of Qin with ten times the land of Qin and millions of troops. The National People's Congress of Qin opened its doors wide and led the enemy deep, but the troops of the nine countries hesitated and dared not enter the customs. The Qin people didn't spend a single soldier, and the princes in the world were already in panic. As a result, the vertical agreement failed, and the vassal States scrambled to cede territory and bribe Qin. The state of Qin has the spare capacity to subdue them when they are sleepy and pursue the defeated troops of the nine countries. Millions of defeated soldiers are lying dead on the road, with rivers of blood and big shields floating. In this favorable situation, Qin cut off all the land in the world and re-divided the land of mountains and rivers. The powerful countries surrendered voluntarily, and the weak countries went to Qin to worship on time.
When King Xiaowen and King Zhuangxiang took turns to succeed to the throne, their rule was not long, and nothing important happened in the State of Qin. By the time of the first emperor, he developed the legacy of the Sixth World, ruled all countries by force, wiped out the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty and all the vassal States, ascended the throne to control the world, enslaved the people all over the world with severe punishments and severe laws, and shocked the world. Taking Baiyue's land to the south and dividing it into Guilin County and Xiang Jun County, Baiyue's monarch bowed his head and tied a rope around his neck, leaving his life to the lower officials of Qin. So he sent Meng Tian north to build the Great Wall and guard the border, so that the Huns retreated more than 700 miles; Hu people (again) dare not come to the south to graze, and warriors dare not bow and shoot arrows for revenge. Then he abolished the ancient emperors' way of governing the country and burned hundreds of works in order to make the people ignorant; Destroy tall walls and kill heroes; Collect all the weapons in the world, concentrate them in Xianyang, destroy sharp swords and arrows, cast twelve bronze men, and weaken the resistance of the people. Then take Huashan as the city and the Yellow River as the pool moat, occupy Huashan and face the Yellow River, which is considered to be a dangerous and solid terrain. Excellent generals guard the key points with strong crossbows, and reliable officials and elite foot soldiers question passers-by with sharp weapons. The world is set, and the first emperor thought that relying on the dangerous terrain in Guanzhong and the solid Yugoslav capital of Fiona Fang, the imperial inheritance of later generations could be realized.
After the death of Qin Shihuang, his afterglow still shocked remote areas. However, Chen She was just a poor boy. He used a broken urn as a window and tied the door panel with a straw rope. He was a lower class man, and later he became a soldier who was transferred to the frontier. Talent is inferior to ordinary people, virtue is inferior to Confucius and Mozi, and wealth is inferior to Tao Zhugong and Eton. He joined the garrison, suddenly rose from the field, led tired soldiers, commanded a team of hundreds of people, turned around and attacked the State of Qin, broke branches as weapons, held bamboo poles as flags, and heroes all over the world responded and gathered. Many people followed him with food on their backs. Heroes and heroes east of Xiaoshan revolted together to destroy Qin.
Besides, the Qin dynasty, which ruled the country, has not been weakened, and the topography of Yongzhou, the dangers and solidity of Xiaoshan and Hanguguan are still the same as before. Chen She's position is not higher than that of Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Song, Wei and Zhong Shan. Hoe stick is not sharper than hook spear; The fighting capacity of the soldiers who fought in the frontier is not comparable to that of the nine armies; Chen She's strategy of leading troops is not as good as that of the military commanders and advisers of the nine countries. But those with good conditions failed, those with poor conditions succeeded, and their achievements were completely opposite. Why? If we compare the eastern countries with Chen She and measure their strength, it will be a world of difference. However, due to its small size, the State of Qin developed into a national situation, which attracted the return of eight states and made six princes appear before the court for more than 100 years. After that, I will own the world, with Lushan Mountain and Hanguguan as the inner palace. A garrison soldier attacked the country and died. All the grandchildren died at the hands of others and were laughed at by the whole world. What is the reason? Without benevolence and righteousness, the offensive and defensive situation will be different.
Teacher theory
translate
People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher is a person who teaches truth, studies and solves difficult problems. People are not born to understand reason, who can have no doubts? If you have doubts but don't learn from the teacher, his doubts will never be solved. People born before me knew the truth earlier than I did, so I followed him and worshipped him as a teacher. If the person born after me understands the truth before me, I will learn from him and regard him as a teacher. I'm learning the truth. Who cares if he is older or younger than me? Therefore, regardless of status or age, the place where truth exists is the place where teachers exist.
Alas! The fashion of learning from teachers has not spread for a long time, and it is hard for people not to doubt it! Ancient saints who far exceeded the average person even followed the teacher and asked for advice from the teacher; Nowadays, ordinary people are far from saints, but they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. This is probably why saints become saints and fools become fools!
People love their children and choose teachers to educate them; They are ashamed to learn from their teachers. It's really stupid! Children's teachers, who teach them to read and learn the sentences in books, are not what I call teachers who teach people truth and dispel doubts. If they don't understand sentences, their doubts can't be solved. Some learn from the teacher, and some don't ask for advice (meaning that those who don't understand sentences should learn from the teacher, and those who can't solve problems should not). They learn from small aspects and give up on big ones. I don't see their wisdom. Doctors, musicians and craftsmen of all kinds are not ashamed to learn from each other. If someone calls others teachers and students, these people will get together and laugh at him. Ask the scoffer (the reason for laughing at him) and they will say, "That person is about the same age as someone, and his cultivation and studies are similar." How can you call him a teacher? It is shameful to bring a teacher with a low position, and it is flattering to call a teacher with a high position. "ah! The fashion of learning from teachers can't be restored, so we can know. Doctors, musicians, craftsmen, scholars and the like all disdain to associate with them, but now scholars are not as smart as them. Is that weird?
A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius used to learn from Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. People like Tan Zi are (of course) inferior to Confucius in moral ability. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, there must be a teacher." So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than apprentices. After hearing the truth, they have their own main direction in learning and skills, just like this.
Seventeen-year-old Li Pan likes classical Chinese. He has generally studied the scriptures and biographies of the Six Classics. He is free from worldly restrictions and learns from me. I praised him for following the ancient fashion of learning from teachers, and specially wrote this book "Teacher's Theory" as a gift for him.