Therefore, middle school students can also make their language shine by learning to write epigrams.
The following three articles are all about failures and setbacks, so you might as well read them comparatively.
Face failure
No one can escape setbacks and failures in one's life. Because of failure, some people may be devastated, sighing and frowning all day long, and the tea and rice are tasteless, and finally they are ruined by failure; Some people may blame others. Blame failure on fate or society; Some people will calm down, ask themselves to find out the key to their failure, and then accept the failure frankly and turn it into a driving force for progress.
There is a proverb to the effect that if you are not afraid of falling, you are afraid that you will not be able to stand up if you fall. Many of us can understand this adage, but how many people can do it? Failure is actually a mirror to test our strength and fragility, and a catalyst to make us mature. It is a cloud and fog in our life, and it is also a stone to temper our strong will.
Facing failure means facing our thoughts. We should keep a clear head in the face of sudden failure. We must not be knocked down by failure, lose our fighting spirit and give up on ourselves.
Facing failure directly means that we cover the scars of our hearts with a smile. We smile because our fighting spirit is immortal; We smile because our youth is full of enthusiasm; We smile because we know that there are not only flowers and applause, but also swamps and traps on the road of life.
If you face failure, you can stop from the brink, change your wrong choice, re-select your goals, re-adjust your orientation, and make another struggle with our strength and perseverance and the future.
Face up to failure, drive away the clouds and fog that pervades our hearts, wipe away the sadness we wrote on our faces, and then sing Zheng Zhihua's song: He said that in the rain/this pain is nothing/don't be afraid to dry your tears/at least we still have dreams, and continue to drive our way.
let's face failure, face ups and downs, and despise the stumbling block in life!
example 2 failed
(1) Chu and Han contended, and there were hundreds of battles, and Liu Bang was defeated repeatedly, so that he rode alone in times of crisis. However, in the end, Liu Bang forced Xiang Yu to commit suicide in Wujiang River. Although later generations have a lot of complaints about this emperor, I think he can learn from repeated failures, become more and more brave, and finally become an emperor's career, which is a generation of outstanding people. -failure is a kind of growth.
(2) "If you work hard, the sky will pay off, and you will eat your guts, and 3, more armour can swallow Wu." To what extent did Gou Jian, the King of Yue, fail to drive for Fu Cha and be a groom! However, he was able to bear the burden of humiliation. After returning to China, he made people sing outside the palace gate: "Gou Jian! Don't you forget the shame? "
It was this determination that made him defeat the State of Wu and dominate the party. -failure is a kind of refusal.
(3) There is an old man, 53 years old, and the government already thinks he is old, so he sent the maintenance money early. His business failed, he was down and out, and his wife was divorced and miserable. However, instead of dropping his hands, he clenched his fist, raised his hand and said in a strong posture, "I am not willing!" " Then he started a fast food restaurant with a pension, and he is the founder of the world-famous KFC chain store today. -failure is a declaration of entrepreneurship.
(4) I lost my name in Sun Shan and took a boat. Thinking of years of hardships in the cold window, I ended up lonely and returning home. When I went to Gusu, I came to Hanshan Temple, and I realized life, put down my shadow, but raised a vigorous poetic sentiment-speaking of which, as you already know, I am talking about Zhang Jihe's "A Night Sleeping in a Maple Grove". -Failure is an eternal swan song.
(5) I am reminded of Su Dongpo, a great celebrity who was once famous for a while, and he was full of talents, and he was praised by others.
When he fell from the peak of "success" to Chibi, Huangzhou, he made a slight adjustment, and announced the success of his "cultural breakthrough" to the world with Nian Nujiao Chibi Nostalgia and before and after Chibi Fu! -Failure is the only way from superficial success to substantial success.
(6) The towering Mount Everest is majestic, because it buries the bones of countless worshippers; Armstrong's small step is of great significance because of the fall of Challenger. The passage across the Pacific Ocean is majestic, because it drowns countless explorers crossing the sea. -failure is the foil of success.
(7) Ruins are also a kind of beauty-a kind of incomplete beauty, which indicates failure and inspires success.
Therefore, Yuanmingyuan inspires the struggle of the Chinese nation; The "wailing wall" in Jerusalem inspired the struggle of the Jewish nation. -failure is a spur.
In the face of these failures, these regrettable and great failures, we should have a quiet and thoughtful examination: Can our "failure" still be called "failure" and should we mark it "discouragement"?
Example 3 is as calm as gold
The bird's wings crossed the sky, and the traces of peace remained in the sky;
The fish's tail shook into the water grass, leaving a trail of peace at the bottom of the water;
Three stories came into my eyes, and traces of peace remained in my mind:
(1) Brahma held flowers to offer sacrifices to Buddha, and the Buddha said, "Let it go." Brahma put down the flower of his left hand. The Buddha added, "Put it down." Brahma put down the flower of his right hand again. The Buddha still said, "Put it down." Brahma said, "The flowers in my hand have been put down. What else can I put down?" Buddha said, "Put down your six external dusts, six internal dusts and six secondary knowledge, and give them up until there is no place to give them up. It is where you put your life." This is a Zen saying. The original intention is to say that the calmer the mind, the more simple and natural it is, and the easier it is to achieve a positive result and realize it.
I often imagine seeing the Buddha like a Brahma, only holding "success" in my right hand and "failure" in my left hand. Think that when I let go of success or failure, let go of the external six dusts, internal six roots and secondary six knowledge, the flower of success will surely bloom in my heart.
Gu Long said: "People who are more afraid of death tend to die more easily; The more people who are not afraid of death, the more often they will not die. " The more afraid of failure and eager for success, the easier it may be for people to miss success.
(2) One day in the winter of 1914, a big fire burned Edison's laboratory, which undoubtedly meant that many research achievements he had worked hard all his life would be reduced to ashes in the ruthless fire. When the fire was the worst, Edison's son went crazy looking for his father in the thick smoke. What did he see? Edison, 67, was watching the fire calmly, letting his white hair fly in the cold wind. He said to his son very calmly, "Quick! Go and call your mother, I'm afraid she'll never see such a scene. "
reading this story, I feel shocked: peace is a kind of courage.
Only a calm mind can have the courage to face setbacks and regard disappointment as a "spice of life", so as to withstand the blow of life and enjoy life to the fullest.
Fan Zhongyan said, "Don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself." It is precisely because he has a calm mind.
the courage born in peace is so magnificent.
(3) Zhu Gekongming was chased by Sima Zhong Da, so he opened the city gate and played the piano on the top of the city. The counselor advised Zhong Da to go straight to Huanglong. On Zhong Da Day, he said, "Listen to the sound of Kongming's piano, and it is as long as a mountain, and your heart is like a mountain. You must rely on it. Retreat! " As a result, the army came and went in a hurry, and Kong Ming escaped.
"mind is like a mountain", in other words, "calm as water". It can be seen that peace is also a kind of wisdom.
when you attack, your mind is calm, so you can seize the opportunity and hit it with one blow. "Xiao Li flying knife" is an idealized image.
when defending, the mind is calm, so that the enemy can be fascinated and the fighter can be captured. "The empty city of Kong Ming retreats from Zhong Da" is an idealized example. In reality, behind many successful examples, there must be a calm, carefree mind and wisdom born of peace.
All three articles are argumentative, but their writing methods are different. After raising the topic of discussion, Example L began to explain how to face setbacks and failures from all angles. Or quote, or metaphor, or use causal sentences, or use parallelism sentences, and make an incisive exposition from the aspects of the correct method and function of dealing with setbacks and failures, which can be described as accurate and thorough everywhere.
Example 2 adopts the unique form of "footnote", and the full text consists of seven cases, each of which is an epigram, which reveals the function of "failure" from different angles, either from the function of failure itself or from the relationship between failure and success. And all this is paving the way for the end, and finally the argument is completed from the distribution to the total. Whether from the structural form or from the writing of epigrams, it is worth learning and imitating.
although example 3 is also an argumentative paper, it is more of a visual narrative, which is a special writing method that replaces rational views with concrete statements and turns abstraction into images.
After the three stories, there is a comment composed of epigrams, which is different from the first two articles. It is a combination of quotations and expounds the role of calmness in victory and defeat. The second one is vivid and concrete.
Several expressions of epigrams:
1. Comprehensive epigrams
It refers to sentences that can summarize many facts or complicated truths in very concise and powerful sentences. Because of its strong generality and comprehensiveness, it can leave readers with profound enlightenment.
this kind of epigram is often used at the end of a paragraph, a layer or an article. It is not only a summary of the above theme, but also can arouse readers' association, deepen their thinking on the essence of things and make people realize more profound meanings from it. Footnote Failure and Calm as Gold are all written in this way.
2. epigrams with philosophical views
To make epigrams profound and incisive, we should consciously use philosophical views to summarize what we have written. Philosophical viewpoints such as phenomenon and essence, quantitative change and qualitative change, development and stillness, principal contradiction and secondary contradiction, and the unity of opposites and transformation of contradictions can reveal the essential attributes of the development and change of things. Once the article takes the philosophical viewpoint as the commander-in-chief, it will spark generate's thoughts, be full of speculative colors, and make the language full of philosophical significance. For example,
failure is a pity, but it can lead to success; Although success is gratifying, it is easy to become failure. There is no constant failure, and there must be no eternal success. Therefore, we should not lose our upward confidence in failure, and we should not lose our vigilance in success.
This passage uses the philosophical viewpoint of contradictory unity of opposites and transformation, which makes the relationship between success and failure extremely incisive and dialectical, giving people profound enlightenment.
3. Borrowing epigrams from other rhetorical devices
Rhetoric devices such as metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration and contrast can inspire readers' imagination, so using them to write epigrams can arouse readers' thinking and deepen their understanding of things. For example, metaphor, because there must be similarities between ontology and vehicle, can lead to similar associations; Because it is expressed by analogy, it can make the profound and complicated truth vivid. Since it is a vivid statement, it will leave a deep impression on people. And because it can arouse readers' association and imagination, it can inspire readers to think by analogy, so that readers can be deeply inspired. For example:
When your heart is a lamp, the world is very big; When your heart is the sun, the world becomes smaller.
The "light" and "sun" here are both metaphors and comparisons. However, the two different results brought by these two different mentalities can lead to various thoughts, such as when we are misunderstood and need to be tolerant of others, when we ask for and give, when the breadth of our knowledge affects our cognitive vision ... Different life experiences can lead to our own thoughts.
4. Seemingly contradictory epigrams
Some epigrams seem to be self-contradictory literally, but when you think about it carefully, they are not contradictory, but they are also very meaningful. This kind of epigram, which students are most familiar with, should belong to Cang Kejia's Some People:
Some people are alive, but he is dead: some people are dead, and he is still alive.
It seems contradictory that the living are dead, but the dead are alive. But when you think about it carefully, those who betray the country for glory, those who cheat the people with fish, and those who are corrupt and degenerate against the interests of the people are dead, but they are dead. Those who have devoted their lives to the motherland, the people, the revolution and the cause, their achievements will last forever, their careers will last forever, and their spirit will last forever. Although they are still alive, they are still alive in the mouth and heart of the people.
This kind of epigram, because of its literal contradiction, readers have to think hard, so it can deepen readers' thinking. Let's look at a few more examples:
① A person's greatest bankruptcy is despair, and his greatest asset is hope.
② When you were born, you were crying and people around you were laughing; When you passed away, you were smiling and everyone around you was crying!
③ Those who sow with tears will surely reap with a smile.
④ No one is rich enough to need help from others, and no one is poor enough to help others in some way.
⑤ The carved fence made of jade should still be there. On the wall of ancient civilization, the word "demolition" is written in modern paint. It has a bright white, but I see the darkness.
⑥ Good people often warn others with bad results, while bad people often cheat others with good excuses.
⑦ consciousness can turn hell into heaven, or turn heaven into hell.
The antonyms in the above sentences are unity of opposites and complementary to each other, which makes the meaning of the sentence more profound, thought-provoking, intriguing and philosophical. Students may wish to imitate this language form to write epigrams. However, it should be noted that this kind of epigram must be "true and not contradictory", otherwise it will lead to ambiguity. On the contrary, painting a tiger will not be an anti-dog. Reveal the dialectical relationship of unity of opposites