A, "the first philosophical meditation"
"I think, therefore I am" —— Introduction to the first philosophical meditation
Descartes is a famous French philosopher, mathematician and scientist. Descartes is usually regarded as the "father of modern western philosophy" and the founder of rationalism philosophy in continental Europe, because he tried to get rid of the philosophical tradition of his time and make philosophy get a new start. Meditation on the First Philosophy is one of Descartes' most important philosophical works and is regarded as the cornerstone of modern western philosophy. In this book, Descartes tries to make the mind get rid of the senses and acquire some knowledge through pure reason by the method of universal doubt. Starting from the famous proposition of "I think, therefore I am", he deduced the existence of God and external things, and re-established the reliability of concepts such as mind, God and things. Descartes' view of nature, dualism of body and mind, the supremacy of reason and the pursuit of certainty of knowledge in his book directly triggered the rationalist trend of thought in continental Europe and had a far-reaching impact on later philosophy.
Descartes was born in a noble family in the city of Durham Raai, France. His father is a senator of the Bredin Provincial Assembly and a judge of the local court. Descartes was sickly when he was young, but his intelligence matured earlier, and he was curious about things around him very early.
Second, The Complete Works of Descartes
Rene descartes (1596 ~ 1650), the name has echoed in the hall of philosophy for more than 300 years. People have always regarded him as the ancestor of modern European philosophy and the pioneer of rationalism. His philosophy not only shows a new viewpoint and conclusion, but also brings a new era. "Descartes' philosophy has an extraordinary complexity, which is so rich that people can find the source of all modern philosophy from it. /kloc-Metaphysics masters (Maleblanche, Spinoza, Leibniz) established their system by reflecting on Descartes' philosophy. ..... Locke, Becker, Hume and others all have the source of Descartes in their philosophical analysis. Kant's famous Copernican revolution, in a sense, is only the supreme resurrection of Descartes, who is thinking about all the objects being thought about. Hegel considered Descartes a hero. Recently, Husserl named one of his books "Descartes' Meditation". "
Descartes philosophy is the unity of many spirits. As a methodology of Descartes philosophy, it emphasizes that the only thing we can trust is rational proof. As a scientific Descartes, it regards the existence of our thoughts as the most certain thing. Descartes' achievements in simple philosophy are enough to shock the world, but his research field is far beyond the scope of philosophy. He founded analytic geometry, "the theory of reflection and reflex arc", discovered the law of refraction of light, and expressed brilliant ideas such as the immortality of matter, the conservation of motion and the evolution of cosmic nebulae. Any of these achievements can make him a giant in history.
About the author:1Kloc-0 was born in Turanellai, Andel-Loire, France (now renamed Descartes to commemorate this great man) on March 3, 596, and died in Stockholm, Sweden on February1/Kloc-0. Descartes is a famous French philosopher, physicist, mathematician and theologian. He made an important contribution to the development of modern mathematics, because he formulated the geometric coordinate system and was known as the father of analytic geometry. He is the representative of dualist idealism, leaving a famous saying that I think, therefore I am; Thinking is the only definite existence. He put forward the idea of universal doubt and was one of the founders of modern European bourgeois philosophy. Hegel called him the father of modern philosophy. His philosophical thoughts deeply influenced later Europeans and opened up the so-called European rationalism philosophy. Descartes is a self-contained system, which combines materialism and idealism and has a far-reaching influence in the history of philosophy. At the same time, he is a scientist who dares to explore, and his analytic geometry is of epoch-making significance in the history of mathematics. Descartes is one of the most influential masters in European philosophy and science in the17th century, and is known as the originator of modern science.