Bai Juyi
Famous sentence: Hum, whisper-and then mix them together, just like pouring pearls, big and small, into a plate of jade.
We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? !
Guide reading
Pipa Travel was written in the 10th year of Yuanhe (8 15), and Bai Juyi was demoted as Sima of Jiujiang County. Jiujiang was a lonely place at that time, and Sima was an idle minister without authority, which was the most frustrating period in the poet's career. One autumn night, he happened to meet the pipa girl by the river. The superb skills and wandering life experience of the pipa girl aroused the poet's strong singing voice. So, full of resentment, he wrote this immortal narrative poem like a river that burst its banks. Hong Mai, a Song Dynasty man, thought that the night encounter between the author and the pipa girl was not credible, and the author expressed his hatred of the "end of the world" through fictional plots, which can also be used for reference.
Original poem
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he moved to Sima and Jiujiang County. Next autumn, I will see you off in Pukou (3), those who smell boats, those who play the pipa at midnight, and those who hear the voice of Kyoto (4). Ask the man, Ben Chang 'an advocates women ⑤, learns pipa from Mu and Cao Ershan ⑤, and is old enough to be Jia's wife ⑤. He ordered the wine to be drunk so that he could play some music quickly. When I finished singing my song, I felt sorry for myself. I tell myself happy things when I was a child. Now wandering and haggard, fighting in the rivers and lakes. I have been an official for two years. 13, I feel at ease. 14. As people say, I feel that I have the intention to move at night. Because of the long sentence ○ 16, Gegei ○ 17, and every 6 12 words ○ 18, it is called Pipa Xing ○ 19.
At night, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.
I, the host, have dismounted, and my guest has boarded his ship 02. We raise our cups and hope to drink-but, alas, there is no music 023.
Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. We were leaving each other. In 024, the river mysteriously widened towards the full moon.
We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home, and the guest had to go his way.
Where do we follow the melody and ask the player's name? The voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered 27.
We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us 28, summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again 29;
However, before she started walking towards us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar 030.
... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings. We could feel her feelings, even before she played 32.
Every string is meditation, and every note is deep thinking, as if telling us the pain of her life.
She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.
She brushed the strings, slowly twisted, swept and dialed 037, first the air in the rainbow skirt, then the six small 038 s.
The big string hummed 039 like rain, and the small string whispered 040 like a secret.
Humming, whispering-and then mixing together 4 1, just like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade 42.
Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, and the throat spring is difficult to flow under the ice.
Cold and astringent strings of ice springs froze. 04, as if can't pass; And notes, fade away.
To the depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness 45, tell the voice 46 in silence.
A silver vase suddenly burst, a stream of water 47, jumping out of armored horses and weapons, conflicts and blows 48.
Before she put down the pick, she only played it once, and the four strings made a sound, just like spinning.
The east ship is quiet, and the west ship is quiet 5 1. We see the white autumn moon entering the center of the river 52.
She thoughtfully dialed the plucked string to "53", then got up and smoothed her clothes, and formally and politely dialed "54".
Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital, 05, and lived under her parents' house, 056 Toad Hill.
She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians 057.
Try to teach something good before you accept it. Her beauty is the envy of all major dancers. 59.
Wuling teenagers are rich and competitive, with a song of sixty red silks.
The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm 6 1, and the color of blood was stained by the stain of wine 62.
Season after season, joy followed joy, autumn moon and spring breeze passed, but she didn't pay attention to 063.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.
There were fewer and fewer cars and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman.
Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her, and a month ago, went to Fuliang to buy tea.
She has been taking care of an empty boat in Hekou 069, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.
Sometimes in the middle of the night, she will dream of her victory and be awakened from her dream by hot tears.
Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.
We were all unhappy-until the end of the day at 72, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? !
A year ago, I left the capital 073 and came here. Now I am a sick exile in Jiujiang 074.
Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music 075, neither string nor bamboo sound 076 for a whole year.
My residence is near the riverside town, which is low and humid. The house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? 79? The cuckoo bleeds and the ape whimpers.
I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight.
Of course, there are folk songs and village bagpipes, but they are rough and harsh and buzzing in my ears.
Tonight, when I heard you play guitar 084, I felt as if my hearing was illuminated by fairy tale music 085.
Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. 086, I will write a Long song about guitar. 087.
... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Although the tune is different from what she played 90 years ago, the diners are all listening, covering their faces 9 1.
But which of them cried the most? 92? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.
To annotate ...
① Yuanhe Decade: Yuanhe is the year number of Tang Xianzong Spring Calendar (806-820), and Yuanhe Decade is 8 15. 2 give: the same as "Yu", 1. Move left: demote, demote officials. Jiujiang County: formerly known as Jiangzhou, located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Jiujiang County, Xunyang City and Jiangzhou mentioned in the poem all refer to Jiujiang. Sima: Official name, deputy of the secretariat. (3) Pukou (pén): The ferry crossing the Yangtze River is called Pukou, also known as Gankou. (4)zhēnɡ): ("Zheng Zheng") is an onomatopoeic word that describes the sound of metal collision. It is used here to describe the crisp sound of playing pipa. Kyoto sound: a musical sound popular in the capital Chang 'an. ⑤ Advocating women: Advocating "prostitution", which refers to girls who sing. 6 taste: once. A gifted scholar: the Tang Dynasty's name for a musician with superb skills. 7 Aging: When you get older, your face will age. Commitment: entrust yourself to others. In feudal society, women had no independent economic status, so marrying men was called commitment. Be Jia's wife: be a businessman's wife. 8: So. Order wine: order a banquet. 9. Play a few songs quickly: Play a few happy songs. Attending sympathy: a sad look. ○ 1 drifting: drifting. ○ 12 migration (xǐ): moving from one place to another. ○ 13 official: reduced from Beijing official to local official. ○ 14 Tian (tián) Ran: Calm and quiet. ○ 15 secretary: this person refers to the pipa girl. Relocation (zhé) means that it is unpleasant to be demoted and move out. ○ 16 is a long sentence: write a seven-character ancient poem. Tang people used to call seven-character ancient poems long sentences. ○ 17 song: chanting, reciting. Refers to the pipa girl. ○ 18 where: always means * * *. 6 12: 6 12. The whole poem is actually 6 16, and the word "two" should be handed down by later generations. ○ 19 Life: Give things a title. Line: the fusion of Yuefu songs and words is similar to "songs" and is generally called line songs. ○20 Xunyang River: refers to the nickname of the Yangtze River flowing through the northern section of Jiujiang City. ○2 1 rustling: the sound made by the wind blowing vegetation. ○2 Owner: the author claims to be. G: It refers to a friend sent by the author. The author dismounted and came to the ship where the guest was. ○23 Orchestral music: orchestral music and stringed instruments, generally referring to music. ○24 Drunkenness leads to unhappiness: Although you drink too much wine, there is no joy. ○25 The guest does not send: the guest does not sail. ○26 Seeking sound: Seeking by sound. Ask quietly: ask quietly. ○27 I want to talk late: I want to talk but hesitate. ○28 Move the ship closer: move the passenger ship closer to the pipa female ship. ○29 Turn off the light: Turn on the light. Jude: Yes. Half-covering face: covering half of the face. ○3 1 axis: there are four axes at the upper end of the pipa, which are used to tie the strings, and the rotation axis can determine the tightness of the strings. ○32 unfinished melody: it means that "plucking the strings three times and two times" in the previous sentence is not a melody. ○3 masking: refers to the low and melancholy tone that pops up. Thinking: thoughts and feelings. ○34 seems to be complaining: it seems to be telling. Unsuccessful: Being "dissatisfied". ○35 low eyebrows: bow your head. Letter hand: handy. ○36 "Tell Everything" sentence: By playing the pipa, I told all the infinite sad things that have accumulated in my heart for a long time. ○37 Gather, twist, wipe and pick: all fingering of playing pipa. ○38: Start playing "Colorful Feathers". The last Six Yao (yāo): The last one was Six Yao, and then the word "Six Yao" was typed, and the word "Wei" was omitted. Dance music popular in Tang Dynasty. ○39 Noisy: describes the heavy and comfortable sound. ○40 Seriously: Describe the urgency of music. ○4 1 miscellaneous: two or more things are mixed together, which means that two sounds are confused. ○42 "Big Pearl" sentence: Describe the sound made by the crisscross of big and small strings, like the sound of big and small pearls falling together in a jade plate. ○43 sadness: crying in a low voice. Here, the sound is described as weak and nonchalant. Difficult: it can be described as sluggish and not smooth. "Difficult under the ice" can also be solved by "underwater beach". ○4 Ice spring is cold and astringent: It describes music as stagnant as spring water under ice. Cold and astringent: the feeling of suffocation. The strings are frozen: The strings seem to be frozen. Solidification: freezing. ○45 Sorrow and resentment: sadness and resentment hidden in the bottom of my heart. ○46 wins (Shè n π): More than. A "complex" ○47 silver bottle: an instrument for pumping water. At first: suddenly. Bènɡ: spray. ○48 fighters (wearing real armor): elite cavalry. ○49 plucking: plucking, playing the pipa as a plucking tool. Be careful in painting: draw four strings in the center of the pipa with a pick, which is a common method to draw at the end of the song: a technique of playing the pipa, also called "sweeping". ○50 like tearing: the sound is sharp, like tearing silk. ○5 1 boat (fǐ nɡ): boat. ○52 Look only: Look only. ○53 thoughtful: full of worries, hesitant. ○54 convergence: show a serious and respectful appearance. ○5 soliloquize: introduce yourself. ○56 Frog Mausoleum: formerly known as "Ma Xialing", near Qujiang in the southeast of Chang 'an City (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, where Ge Ji lived. ○57 Jiao Fang: An official institution in the Tang Dynasty that taught singing and dancing skills. ○58 Clothing: Admire and praise. ○59 Qiuniang: Most famous geisha in the Tang Dynasty were called Qiuniang, such as Xie Qiuniang and Du Qiuniang. Generally refers to the beautiful geisha in Chang 'an at that time. ○60 Wuling Young: refers to the rich children in Chang 'an. Five Mausoleums: refers to the tombs of the five emperors in the Han Dynasty. Head-binding: In the Tang Dynasty, whenever a geisha finished performing, the silk or property presented by the guests was called head-binding. Xiāo: a fine light red silk fabric. ○6 1 ○ (diàn) silver grate (b ○): hair grate with golden flowers and precious stones at both ends. Silver: A "cloud". Clap your hands: beat the time. ○62 blood color: bright red is blood color. Dirt: dye. ○63 Autumn Moon Spring Breeze: refers to youth. Aunt 64: the leader of the singer in the teaching workshop. ○65 color reason: face aging. So, the meaning of aging. ○6 sparse chariots and horses: it means that there are fewer VIPs looking for her to play. Chariots and horses: A "pommel horse". Boss: Old people. ○68 Fuliang: the county name of the Tang Dynasty, located in the northern part of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, is rich in tea and is an important tea distribution center in the Tang Dynasty. ○69 Come and go: "Go" means that the businessman has left. "Lai" is an auxiliary word with no practical significance. ○70 Dream crying: a sad cry in a dream. Makeup tears: there are tears on the face of makeup powder. Red: face powder. Dry: describe tears. ○7 1 double chirp: sigh more. ○72 Tianya: Tianya refers to the world. ○73 Imperial Capital: the capital where the emperor lived, referring to Chang 'an. ○74: demotion. ○75 Remote: The place is remote. ○76 years old: all year round. Four books: refers to stringed instruments and bamboo wind instruments, here generally refers to music. ○7 Ganjiang: catch up with the water. ○78 Huang Wei: Reed. Bitter bamboo: a kind of bamboo, which has green or lavender flowers in April and May, and raw bamboo shoots taste bitter. ○79 in the meantime: in which, it refers to the author's residential area. ○80 Du Fu: The bird name is said to be the soul of the ancient Shu emperor Du Yu, hence the name Du Fu or Du Yu; Legend has it that when it crows, its mouth will bleed, so ancient poets often use "weeping blood" to describe its harsh voice. ○8 1 Chunjiang Flower Dynasty: a spring morning. ○82 single tilt: pour wine alone. ○ 83 "ugh" (zhā o) "○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○9 Pipa: refers to the pipa she plays. ○85 The ears are temporarily lit up: the ears are refreshing for a while. ○86 Sit more: Sit again. ○87 Translation: Write lyrics according to the tune. ○8 Standing for a long time: Standing for a long time. ○89 But sit: Go back to your original seat. Lift the strings: twist the strings tighter and adjust the tone higher. ○90 Sad: Sad. ○9 1 Repetition: Repetition. Hide your face and cry. ○92 seats: among those present. ○93 Jiangzhou Sima: The author calls himself. Blue: The official dress of blue. In ancient times, the color of official uniforms depended on the level, while in the Tang Dynasty, the official position was low and blue. At that time, Bai Juyi dropped from five to nine, so she wore cyan.
Translate poetry
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, he was demoted to Jiujiang Sima. One night in the second autumn, I went to Songpukou to bid farewell to a friend, and suddenly I heard someone playing the pipa on the boat. Pipa clank, with the charm of Beijing. Ask that person, only to know that she was a geisha in Chang 'an. He studied pipa with two famous artists, Cao and Mu. Later, when she was old, her beauty declined and she married a businessman. I ordered the wine and set it up, so that she could play a few more songs happily. After the fight, she was very sad and described the happy scene when she was young. But now I am wandering and haggard, so I have to wander in the rivers and lakes!
It has been two years since I was demoted to Beijing, and I am very calm and content with the status quo. That night, after listening to her words, I felt the taste of being relegated, so I wrote this long poem for her, with a total of 6 12 words (in fact, the whole poem is 6 16 words), called Pipa Xing.
Seeing friends off in the autumn night by Xunyang River,
The west wind rustled the maple leaves.
The host got off the horse and went into the guest's cabin.
Drinking without listening to music.
Drunk and unhappy, two people will leave sadly,
I saw a bright moon reflected on the boundless river.
Suddenly, the pipa sounded on the river.
The host forgot to go home and the guests didn't sail.
Quietly ask who is the bomber in the voice.
The pipa stopped. She wanted to speak, but she didn't.
Move the boat closer, invite the bombers out to meet,
Light the boat lights and hold the banquet again.
It was a long time before she came out,
He also covered half his face with a pipa.
She turned the piano shaft and fiddled with the strings only two or three times.
This piece of music is full of emotion before it is played.
Every string is sighing and mourning,
It seems to be telling the bleak life of frustration.
She kept playing with her head down,
I want to express my infinite sadness.
Close it gently, pick it slowly,
First "dress up" and then "six splendors" keep changing.
The sound of big strings is like a storm,
The string sounds like a whisper.
The noise is loud and clear,
Like pearls, large and small, full of jade plates.
Sometimes the music is crisp and melodious, like an oriole flying under the flowers.
Sometimes music is as hard as spring water at the bottom of ice.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, as if the strings were broken.
When the strings are broken, the sound of the piano gradually fades.
At this time, a feeling of sadness and hatred was revealed.
Silence is a hundred times better than sound.
Suddenly music burst like a silver bottle and water poured out.
It's like a group of soldiers rushing out of chaos and meeting each other with swords and guns.
Finally, she crossed the center with a pick.
The sound of four strings at the same time is like torn satin.
Ships in the east and west are quiet and silent.
I saw a bright moon in the middle of the river.
She hesitated to insert the plectrum into the strings,
The whole dress looks serious and peaceful.
Claiming to have grown up in Beijing,
My family lives next to the frog tomb.
I learned to play the pipa when I was thirteen.
The names are listed in the first class of the teaching workshop.
Musicians often marvel after playing music.
After dressing up, I often make Qiu Niang jealous.
Rich children in Wuling area compete to give away real estate.
It is difficult to count the red points you get by playing a song.
The gold and silver jewelry on the head was broken.
The red skirt has been stained with alcohol for countless times.
This year's laughter will continue into next year.
Autumn moon and spring breeze become illusory year after year.
My brother went out to join the army and my aunt died.
Ruthless time makes aging climb on the face.
There are fewer and fewer cars and horses in front of the door.
Finally married a businessman and lived alone.
Businessmen value profit over affection.
I went to Fuliang to buy tea two months ago and never came back.
Leave me alone with an empty boat at the mouth of the river,
Only the cold river and the moon surround the empty boat.
Late at night, I often dream of my happiness when I was young.
Crying in my dream messed up the red makeup on my face.
I sighed for a long time after listening to the pipa.
After listening to these words, I feel even more sad.
We are all vagrants,
Why do we have to have a previous relationship when we meet?
I left the capital Chang 'an last year,
After being demoted, he has been recuperating in Xunyang, a small town.
There is no music in the remote Xunyang city.
I can't hear the sound of silk and bamboo all the year round.
Living by the Ganjiang River, the terrain is low and humid.
Yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around the house.
What will be heard here sooner or later?
Only the cries of apes and cuckoos.
Whether it's the morning when the spring flowers are blooming or the night when the autumn moon is bright,
It's all about letting go of loneliness and melancholy.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes here?
It's too hoarse and noisy to enjoy.
After listening to your pipa tonight,
It's like hearing Yue Xian.
Please don't leave, sit down and play another song.
I want to write a poem for you.
She stood for a long time after listening to my words.
Stand back, sit down and play the strings quickly and loudly.
The sound of the piano is sad, unlike the sound just now.
The full house was filled with tears.
Ask the people in the seat who shed the most tears.
Jiangzhou Sima's tears have soaked the blue.
Make an appreciative comment
Pipa Travel is a well-known masterpiece of realism, and many of its poems are timeless masterpieces engraved in people's hearts and widely circulated among the people. The story it tells is tortuous and touching, and the emotion it expresses can arouse people's voices. The language is beautiful but not flashy, refined but not obscure, the content is close to life and has a wide range of sociality. It is a masterpiece in ancient narrative poetry.
As a long narrative poem, this poem is rigorous and meticulous in structure, with twists and turns in plot and ups and downs. The first part is about seeing Fujian crossing the river and suddenly hearing the sound of pipa, in order to explain it to the pipa girl. The second part describes the pipa girl and the pipa music she plays, and reveals the inner world of the pipa girl concretely and vividly. The third part writes the story of pipa girl. The fourth part is the poet's deep feelings, pointing out the theme of the poem: "We are all unhappy-at the end of the day, we meet. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? In the fifth part, the pipa girl played the pipa again and moved the audience. The full text takes the characters as clues, not only writing the life experience of the pipa girl, but also writing the poet's feelings, and then meeting in the second sentence of "We are all unhappy-to the end of the day". The singer's tragic experience is very specific and can be regarded as a bright line; The poet's feelings permeate between the lines, and with the constant changes of the music played by the pipa girl and her life experience, it can be regarded as a dark line. This one is bright and dark, one is real and one is empty, which makes the plot ups and downs.
The most commendable thing about this poem is the description of pipa music. From "the big strings are buzzing like rain" to "before she put down the pick, she finished with a blow", abstract and imperceptible music is simulated by vivid metaphors, which have both auditory and visual images. After reading it, people feel lingering and memorable. Among them, "pearls are like a jade plate" and "mourning in a boudoir, silence is better than sound" have become classic poems for writing music. A series of subtle metaphors, such as "Urgent Rain", "Whispering", "Greeting", "Spring Flow", "Beads Falling on a Jade Plate", "Riding a Knife" and "Tearing a Silk", are unique and unparalleled. This music description ranks alongside Han Yu's Listening to the Spiritual Master Playing the Piano, Li He's Poems by Li Ping and Xin Li's Listening to Dongda Playing Hu Chuan's A Message as a classical music Four Great Classical Novels. However, because of its plain and appropriate metaphor, fluent language and rich emotions, it is more widely circulated and more famous than the other three articles.