"Humble Chamber Inscription"
If the mountain is not high, it will be famous if there are immortals. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains. There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no idle people when coming and going. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There are no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi. Confucius said: "What's so bad about it?
Translation:
Mountains don't depend on their height. Having gods will make them famous. Waters don't depend on their depth. Having dragons will make them famous. Aura. This is a simple house, but it doesn't feel simple because of my noble character. Traces of moss creep up the steps, and the color of the green grass reflects into the bamboo curtains, and people are talking and laughing here. They are all knowledgeable and virtuous people, and those who associate with me have no knowledge. The sound of music disturbs the ears, and the absence of official documents makes people tired. (My humble house is really comparable to) Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage in Nanyang and the pavilion of Yangziyun in Xishu. Confucius said: "(There are gentlemen living in it). What's so simple about it? "
Some test questions:
1. The article titled "Inscription on a Humble Room" does not write "Inscription" at the beginning. Instead, it writes water and mountains first, and then leads to the Humble Room. What is this? How to write?
Answer: Use water as an analogy to describe a shabby house, use "mountain is not high" and "water is not deep" to set off "shame", use "immortal" and "dragon" to set off "virtue", and use "name" and "spirit" To set off "Xin", it implies that the shabby room is not shabby.
2. "Confucius said: Why is there shabbyness?" "What is the function of this sentence?
Answer: It reflects the author's ideological realm based on the ancient sages' self-expression. It quotes Confucius as the finishing touch and summarizes the full text. It echoes "Weiwu Dexin" and expresses that the author is willing to live in a humble house and does not think that
3. (1) The main reason why a shabby house is not shabby is——
(2) The sentence about the quiet environment of a shabby house is——
(3) The sentence that describes a humble house that is not disturbed by secular officialdom is——
Answer: (1) I am virtuous; (2) The moss marks on the steps are green, and the grass is green in the curtain; (3) ) No traces of silk and bamboo, no traces of documents.
4. What is the object of this article, and what is the purpose of it?
Answer: The object - the humble room. (Description of the environment and the daily life of the owner)
Expression of ambition - expressing the author's noble and proud sentiments and the taste of poverty and happiness
5. From the text, the "humble room" written by Liu Yuxi Is it a shabby house, and why?
Answer: "The moss marks on the steps are green, and the grass is as green as a curtain" refers to the beautiful natural environment of the shabby house. > "There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no white people who come and go" is a description of the refinement of guests coming and going in a humble room.
"Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi." Confucius said: What is so shameful? "This is an example cited by the author from Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty. The famous saying of Confucius, a great educator, strongly proves that "this is a humble house, but I am virtuous."
6. Imagine the environment around the humble house.
Answer: It is neither crowded nor inaccessible. There is a tacit understanding between man and nature, and the vegetation is lush and green.
7. Based on the article, imagine what the author often does in his humble room. What is the author’s ambition?
Answer: The owner is elegant and proficient in music, chess, calligraphy and painting, and the people he associates with are more knowledgeable. p>Characters: Author, Wang Shuyuan, Liu Zongyuan
Ambition: Elegance and indifference, open-minded and optimistic, not seeking fame and fortune, pursuing noble personal character and moral peace and optimism
8. The title of the article is "Inscription on a Shabby House", and the article also says "Why is it so bad?" Are these contradictions?
Answer: No. The "shabby" in the title refers to the shape of the house, and the "shabby" in the last sentence. "Shao" means "vulgar" and refers to the "virtue and kindness" of the owner of the house, who is not vulgar.
9. What rhetorical method is used in "The moss marks are green on the steps, and the grass is as green as a curtain"? What are the benefits of using "up" and "in" here, and what characteristics of the environment are highlighted?
Answer: Duality; the words "up" and "in" are vivid and expressive, turning static into movement, making the scenery lively, and revealing the author's love for the scenery. The environment is characterized by tranquility, Tasteful.
10. Liu Yuxi compares himself to Zhuge Liang and Yang Xiong. What are the biggest similarities between them?
Answer: They all have the style of a gentleman who loves poverty and is indifferent to fame and wealth. They are elegant, refined and talented.
"The Theory of Love and Lotus"
The flowers of water, land and vegetation are very lovely. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums. Since Li Tang, people have loved peonies very much. I only love the lotus that emerges from the mud but is not stained; it is clear in the ripples without being demonic; it is straight in the middle and straight in the outside; it does not creep or branch; its fragrance becomes clearer from a distance; its pavilion is clean and planted; it can be viewed from a distance but not played with.
I say chrysanthemum, the flower that represents seclusion; peony, the flower that represents wealth; lotus, the flower that represents the gentleman. Alas! The love of chrysanthemums is rarely heard of after Tao; the love of lotus, who can share it? The love of peonies is suitable for everyone.
Translation:
There are many lovely flowers of various grasses and trees on the water and on land. Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums. Since the Tang Dynasty, people around the world have loved peonies very much. I only love the lotus. It grows out of the mud but is not polluted. It has been washed in clear water but does not look charming. Its stems are straight in the middle and straight in appearance. They are not involved or branchy. The fragrance spreads far away, and becomes even more fragrant. It stands there straight and clean. You can watch it from a distance, but you can't get close and play with it lightly.
I believe that the chrysanthemum is the hermit among flowers; the peony is the precious one among flowers; and the lotus is the gentleman among flowers. well! Tao Yuanming rarely heard of his hobby of chrysanthemums. Who else is interested in lotuses like me? Of course, there are many people who are interested in peonies.
Notes after class
① Ailian said: Selected from "Collection of Zhou Yuan Gong". He is the author of "Taijitu Shuo", "Tongshu" and other "Shuo", which is a genre of ancient argumentative essays that can explain things and discuss principles.
②胃 (fán): many.
③Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty loved chrysanthemums alone: ??Tao Yuanming (365-427), a Qian with the courtesy name Yuanliang, was born in Xunyang (now Jiujiang County, Jiangxi Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was a famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He only loved chrysanthemums, and often sang about them in his poems, such as "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountains" in the poem "Drinking Drinking", which has always been known as a famous line.
④ Since the Tang Dynasty, people have loved peonies very much: Since the Tang Dynasty, people have loved peonies very much. Li Tang refers to the Tang Dynasty. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty was named Li, so he was called "Li Tang". People in the world, ordinary people in society. People in the Tang Dynasty loved peonies, and there are many records in ancient books. For example, "Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty" written by Li Zhao of the Tang Dynasty said: "Peony is highly valued when traveling in the capital... Every spring and evening, the horses and carriages are crazy... Planting for profit, one day This (one plant) is worth tens of thousands (referring to money)"
⑤ I only love the lotus that emerges from the mud and remains unsullied: I only like the lotus, and I like it to be untainted. Born in the mud but not contaminated. To, me. Silt, sludge accumulated in ponds.
⑥楯 (zhuó) clear and clean but not demonic: sown by water. Mao, washing. Qinglian, the water is clear and has the appearance of microwaves, here it refers to clear water. Demon, beautiful but not dignified.
⑦Not vines or branches: not involved, not branchy.
⑧The fragrance becomes clearer as it spreads farther away: the fragrance becomes clearer as it spreads farther away. Benefit, more, more.
⑨Tingting: towering appearance. The tall and clean plants stand there straight and clean.
⑩ xiè (xiè) play: play with someone close to you. Obscene, blasphemous and disrespectful.
①①Hermit: A person who lives in seclusion. In feudal society, some people did not want to join the ranks of the rulers, so they lived in seclusion.
①②Peony, the richest flower: Peony is the "rich" flower.
①③Gentleman: A person with high moral standards.
①④嫫(yī): interjection, equivalent to "alas".
①⑤Chrysanthemum love: Hobby for chrysanthemums.
①⑥Xian (xiǎn) Youwen: rarely heard.
Fresh, less.
①⑦ Yihu: Yi, should, used here with "hu", means "of course".
"Four Poems"
Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields
My bean field is at the foot of the southern hillside. It is overgrown with weeds and the bean seedlings grow very sparsely.
(At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, the grass is abundant and the bean seedlings are sparse.)
In the early morning I went to the ground to loosen the soil and weed, and under the stars and moon I carried my hoe home to rest.
(In the morning, I went to clean up the wasteland and returned with a hoe.)
The narrow return path was covered with vegetation, and my coarse cloth jacket was wet with night dew.
(The road is narrow, the grass and trees are long, and the evening dew touches my clothes.)
What a pity if my clothes are wet, I just hope that my wish will not change until death.
(I don’t regret that my clothes are stained, but my wish is true.)
The messenger arrives at the fortress
Along with the simple followers in the light carriage, he will go to comfort the soldiers and protect the frontier. Bian, I was sent forward, and the wheels rolled over Juyan.
(The bicycle wants to ask where it is, and the country it belongs to has passed Juyan.)
It is the fluffy grass on the roadside that drifts in the wind out of the world of the Han Dynasty, and it is like the sky on the horizon. The wild geese soar northward into the barbarian sky.
(Zheng Peng left Hansai and returned to Wutian.)
What I saw was the infinitely bright yellow desert, with a pillar standing tall and gray-black smoke gathering straight away. , the Yellow River lying like a belt is hanging low, and the setting sun is desolate and round.
(The solitary smoke in the desert is straight, and the sun is setting in the long river.)
After a long journey, we finally arrived at Xiaoguan, just when the reconnaissance cavalry reported that the guard was on the front line of Yanran.
(When Xiao Guan is waiting to ride, he will protect Yan Ran.)
Farewell at Jingmen:
The poet went down the river in a boat, after a long journey By water, we arrived outside Jingmen.
(Cross the distance outside Jingmen to travel from the Kingdom of Chu.)
The mountain has reached its end, and the river is flowing in this vast wilderness, vast and long.
(The mountains end with the plains, and the river flows into the wilderness.)
The bright moon flows in the sky, like a bright mirror flying in the sky. The clouds are thick and change unpredictably on the river, like a mirage.
(The flying mirror under the moon, the clouds forming the sea tower.)
Although I have entered a different place, I am still attached to the water, water and mountains of my hometown. They have been with me even though they are not far away. This wanderer.
(Still pitying the water of my hometown, seeing off the boat thousands of miles away.)
Climbing the Yueyang Tower
Dongting is east of the river and west of the water. The curtains cannot move but the setting sun is late.
I climbed to the land that divides Wu and Shu, and moved to the lake and mountains when it was almost dusk.
Thousands of miles away, there is still a long way to go, and three years of hardship is even more difficult.
In the ancient wind and frost, the old wood cangbo is infinitely sad.
Notes
①Restrain the heart, restrain the traveler’s heart, that is, the guest’s heart. ②Eternal day, all day long. ③ Disturbing, chaotic and turbulent appearance. ④Long-term, describing endless worries. ⑤Xiji, the clear glow of the evening.